词条 | Study Tech |
释义 |
Hubbard wrote in a Scientology policy letter in 1972 that "Study Tech is our primary bridge to Society."[2] Most Study Tech books include a two-page biography of Hubbard that does not mention his role in creating Scientology.[3] Religious scholar J. Gordon Melton said that Hubbard wrote the Study Tech materials to help people who joined Scientology with a low level of literacy, and that the materials are used within the Church of Scientology “not to proselytize for the religion but to teach people how to read.”[4] TheoryAccording to Study Tech, there are three barriers that prevent students from learning: "absence of mass", too steep a gradient, and the misunderstood word. According to Hubbard, each barrier produces a physiological response in the student such as yawning, or feeling bored or frustrated.[5] In accordance with L. Ron Hubbard's beliefs, the method denies the existence of psychiatric conditions, or any biological learning difficulties.[6] Study Tech materials claim that "absence of mass" is the idea that abstractions must be illustrated physically before they can be fully understood: learning about trains is accelerated if the student can see a train or a representation of one. Scientology classrooms are equipped with modeling clay and "demo kits", small collections of everyday objects, such as corks, caps, pen tops, and paper clips. Modeling clay or the contents of such a kit are used to create a physical model of what is being studied, thereby giving the student "mass".[7]{{rp|7–11}} One of the course requirements for people learning to be Scientology trainers is to model in clay the premise of every paragraph in Hubbard's book, Dianetics.[8] "Too steep a study gradient" occurs when the student tries to learn too quickly, in which case the teacher directs the student back to the point where he last demonstrated understanding. The "misunderstood word" is what Hubbard called the "misunderstood definition or the not comprehended definition, the undefined word."[8] Scientology classrooms are supplied with different kinds of dictionaries, and students are directed to "find your misunderstood [word]."[5] Yawning is taken as a physical sign that a student has misunderstood a word or concept.[5] Study Tech emphasizes the principle of "word clearing," an activity in which readers are asked to look up the meaning of words that they do not understand, and in turn look up unfamiliar words within the word’s definition.[9] The reader next is instructed to make up sentences of their own which use the word.{{r|Handbook|p=18}} This is a common method of teaching vocabulary. Word clearing is not to be confused with the Scientology concept of the state of Clear. ApplicationAccording to the St. Petersburg Times, as of 1991, there were 150 schools using Study Tech worldwide including in Australia, several European countries, South Africa, and the United States. Supporters say the schools achieve good results and are "drug-free", though this is mostly referring to psychiatric drugs. Several Florida Study Tech schools have been discredited for this hard-line anti-psychiatric approach.[10]
References1. ^{{cite news | last = Adams | first = Guy | title = The school at the centre of Cruise split; Insiders claim Katie Holmes filed for divorce to prevent the Church of Scientology educating her daughter | newspaper = Independent | date = July 3, 2012 }} 2. ^Hubbard, L. Ron (4 April 1972). Ethics and Study Tech, Hubbard Communications Office Policy Letters. 3. ^{{cite news|author = Robert Farley|title = Church tutors embrace methods|newspaper= Tampa Bay Times|date = May 20, 2007|url = http://www.sptimes.com/2007/05/20/Tampabay/Church_tutors_embrace.shtml}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |title = Texts highlight scientology's role in education|work = Education Week Issue 3 Vol. 17|date = 1997-09-17|accessdate = 2015-11-06|last = Walsh|first = Mark|url=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/1997/09/17/03hubb.h17.html}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|author = Robert Farley|title = Scientology makes it in classroom door|newspaper = Tampa Bay Times|date = 20 May 2007|url = http://www.sptimes.com/2007/05/20/Worldandnation/Scientology_makes_it_.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802155614/http://www.sptimes.com/2007/05/20/Worldandnation/Scientology_makes_it_.shtml|archive-date=2 August 2012}} 6. ^{{cite news | last = Palmer | first = Brian | title = Edu-netics | newspaper = Slate Magazine | date = September 20, 2011 }} 7. ^The Church of Scientology (2001). The Technology of Study: from the Scientology Handbook. Based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard. 8. ^1 2 Harley, Gail M. and Kieffer, John (2009). "The Development and Reality of Auditing," in James R. Lewis (ed.). Scientology. Oxford University Press, pp. 192–193. 9. ^{{cite journal |title=Texts Highlight Scientology's Role in Education. |journal=Education Week |year=1997 |last=Walsh |first=Mark |volume=17 }} 10. ^1 {{cite news | last = Krueger | first = Curtis | title = Scientology's children: On education | newspaper = St. Petersburg Times | location = Florida | date = 11 November 1991 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/tampabay/access/50673594.html?dids=50673594:50673594&FMT=ABS | accessdate = April 14, 2013}} 11. ^{{cite news|author = Chris Ayres|title = A school that deserves to avoid cult status|newspaper= The Times|date = 1 July 2008}} 12. ^{{Cite news|title = Hubbard Texts Approved for School Use|url = http://articles.latimes.com/1997/jul/29/local/me-17431|newspaper = Los Angeles Times|date = 1997-07-29|access-date = 2015-11-09|issn = 0458-3035|language = en-US|first = DUKE|last = HELFAND}} 13. ^{{cite news| first = Enzo | last = Di Matteo | title = Scientology wants city's kids | newspaper = NOW Magazine |id= Vol. 18, No. 15|pages= 22, 24, 36| date = 10 December 1998|url= http://www.nowtoronto.com/archive/view_issue.cfm?vol=18&num=15&year=1998}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Scientology/Miscellaneous/meagan-porpora.html|title=Meagan Porpora at Scientology's Mace-Kingsley Ranch|author=|date=|website=www.cs.cmu.edu|accessdate=11 April 2018}} 15. ^Committee Reports, 108th Congress (2003-2004), House Report 108-792, Library of Congress. 16. ^{{cite news|author = Robert Farley|title = Scientology awards reach out to black community|newspaper= St. Petersburg Times|date =18 February 2006}} 17. ^{{cite news|title = A curious alliance|newspaper = St. Petersburg Times|date = 9 November 2005}} 18. ^{{cite news|last1=Harwell|first1=Drew|title=FCAT scores at Pinellas charter school that used Scientology 'study tech' are among lowest in Tampa Bay|url=http://www.tampabay.com/news/education/testing/fcat-scores-at-pinellas-charter-school-that-used-scientology-study-tech/1232114|accessdate=10 November 2015|work=Tampa Bay Times|date=25 May 2012}} 19. ^{{cite news | last = Harwell | first = Drew | title = Life Force Scores Suffer | newspaper = Tampa Bay Times | pages = 1A | date = May 26, 2012 }} 20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2008/09/18/bambolino-school.html |title=Scientology link at Montessori school alarms parents |date=18 September 2009 |publisher=CBC News |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923044223/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2008/09/18/bambolino-school.html |archivedate=September 23, 2008 }} 21. ^{{cite news | last = Harwell | first = Drew | title = Charter School's Troubling Twists | newspaper = Tampa Bay Times | pages = 1A | date = February 26, 2012 }} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.appliedscholastics.org/Italian_Accreditation/index.php|title=Applied Scholastics International - Study Technology to Overcome Any Learning Problem|author=|date=|website=www.appliedscholastics.org|accessdate=11 April 2018|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206225204/http://appliedscholastics.org/Italian_Accreditation/index.php|archivedate=6 December 2006|df=}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pubblica.istruzione.it/docenti/documenti/accreditati/elenco/schede/a_b_enti_accreditati_schede.htm#ba17|title=Details on the Ministry of Education site|author=|date=|website=istruzione.it|accessdate=11 April 2018}} 24. ^{{cite book |last=Reitman |first1=Janet |title=Inside Scientology |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2011 |accessdate=2018-01-30 }} Further reading{{Portal|Scientology|Education}}{{Wikinews|Scientology ties at New Village Leadership Academy stir controversy for Will Smith and Jada Pinkett-Smith}}
3 : Learning methods|Scientology beliefs and practices|Scientology-related schools |
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