“Pirot carpet”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Pirot kilims with some 122 ornaments and 96 different types have been protected by geographical indication in 2002. They are one of the most important traditional handicrafts in Serbia. In the late 19th century and up to the Second World War, Pirot kilims have been frequently used as insignia of Serbian royalty. This tradition was revived in 2011 when Pirot kilims were reintroduced for state ceremonies in Serbia.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}

Overview

Carpet weaving in Pirot dates back to the Middle Ages.^[5] One of the first mentions of the Pirot kilim in written sources date to 1565, when it was said that the šajkaši boats on the Danube and Drava were covered with Pirot kilims.^[6]{{better source|date=June 2013}}

Pirot was once the most important rug-making centre in the Balkans.^[7] Pirot is located on the historical main highway which linked central Europe with Constantinople.^[7] Pirot was also known as Şarköy in Turkish.^[7] The Pirot carpets and Chiprovtsi carpets influenced the development of each other. An interesting characteristic of Pirot carpets, as well as other Bulgarian carpets is the inscription in Bulgarian of the weaver and the year in which the carpet was weaved.^[8] Among the famous Bulgarian weavers were Tsana Tsuponina and Mara Koleva (1860-1916).^[9]

Today many classical examples of Pirot kilms can be found throughout Bulgaria, Serbia, Turkey, the Balkan peninsula and in many other international collections.^[7] One of the chief qualities are the colour effects achieved through the choice and arrangement of colours.^[7] In the beginning of the 19th century plant dyes were replaced by aniline colourings.^[7]

From Pirots old Turkish signification as Şarköy stems the traditional trade name of the rugs as Şarköy-kilims. Stemming from the homonym to the today's Turkish settlement of Şarköy in Thracia, which had no established rug making tradition, Şarköys are often falsely ascribed to originate from Turkey. Also in the rug selling industry, Şarköy are mostly labeled as being of oriental or Turkish origin as to easier sell them to non familiar customers as they prefer rug with putative oriental origin. In fact, Şarköys have been established from the 17th century in the region of the Western Balkan or Stara Planina mountains in the towns of Pirot, Berkowiza, Lom, Chiprovtsi and Samokow. Later they have been also produced in Knjaževac and Caribrod.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}

Cultural organizations

Collections

Ornaments

Pirot kilims with some 122 ornaments and 96 different types have been protected by geographical indication in 2002.

Gallery

Notable people

See also

Annotations

References

1. ^{{cite web|author= Bulgarian National Radio|title=Tracing the Bulgarian Cultural Heritage in Pirot|url= http://bnr.bg/en/post/100675295/tracing-bulgarian-cultural-heritage-in-pirot}}
2. ^{{cite web|author= Bulgarian Academy of Sciences|title= Голяма енциклопедия България, том 9)|url=}}
3. ^{{cite web|author= Димитър Д. Велев (Dimitar D. Velev)|title= Български килими до края на XIX век(Bulgarian rugs to the end of the 19-th century)|url=}}
4. ^{{cite|author= Димитър Д. Велев (Dimitar D. Velev)|title= Български килими до края на XIX век(Bulgarian rugs to the end of the 19-th century) Sofia, 1960, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences|url=}}
5. ^PIROTSKI ĆILIM - LEPOTA TRAJANJA
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.suvenirisrbije.com/suvenir-Pirotski-cilim-166-1|title=Suveniri Srbije - Pirotski ćilim}}
7. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite web|author=Museum of Applied Art, Belgrade|title=Textile collection (3/10)|url=http://www.mpu.rs/english/permanent/textile/03.html|location=Belgrade}}
8. ^{{cite|author= Димитър Д. Велев (Dimitar D. Velev)|title= Български килими до края на XIX век(Bulgarian rugs to the end of the 19-th century) Sofia, 1960, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences|url=}}
9. ^{{cite|author= Димитър Д. Велев (Dimitar D. Velev)|title= Български килими до края на XIX век(Bulgarian rugs to the end of the 19th century) Sofia, 1960, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences|url=}}
10. ^{{cite book|title=The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art, Volume 67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XY_AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA725|publisher=J. W. Parker and Son|year=1889|page=725}}
11. ^{{cite book|title=The Balkan Economies C.1800-1914: Evolution Without Development|author=Palairet, M.R.|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521522564|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hkQytxTkZcoC&pg=PA263|page=263|accessdate=2015-06-24}}
12. ^{{citation|year=1953|quote=Zbog toga pirotski cilim postaje svakim danom sve više skup. b) Na opadanje pirotske čilimarske proizvodnje i uopšte uloge i znaeaja pirotskog eilimarstva kao takvog utiče, najzad, i savremeni raz- vitak materijalne i tehničke kulture, ...}}
13. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_e4_P74d_BcC&pg=PA109|page=109|script-title=sr:Нематеријално Наслеђе: Нова Реалност И Изазов Културне Баштине|language=Serbian|year=2009}}
14. ^{{cite book|title=The National Geographic Magazine, Volume 27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=biZ_AAAAMAAJ&q=Pirot+carpet|page=432|year=1915}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=669848&partId=1|title=British Museum, search query "Pirot"}}