| 词条 | Pisgah Mountain |
| 释义 |
| name = Pisgah Mountain | elevation_ft = 1557 | elevation_ref = | prominence_ft = 1077 | prominence_ref = Topographical map Summit: 1557 to Benchmark @gap near Packerton, 480 ft. | location = Carbon County, Pennsylvania, U.S. | range = Appalachian Mountains | topo = USGS 40075G8, 1947&'83 Tamaqua (PA) Quadrangle }} Pisgah Mountain or Pisgah Ridge (on older USGS Maps) is a long ridgeline[1] {{convert|12.5|mi|km|1}} Tamaqua to Jim Thorpe (river gap to river gap) oriented NNE-to-SSW whose northside valley is followed by U.S. Route 209 from river gap to river gap. The ridge is a succession of peaks exceeding {{convert|1440|ft|m|1}} looming 300–540 feet[2] above the towns of Lansford, Coaldale, Summit Hill, and Tamaqua{{efn |Pisgah Ridge ends in a cutting and wrap back easterly as Mauch Chunk Ridge above the Little Schuylkill Gap, a water gap cutting through the mountain chain below the confluence of Panther Creek and the Little Schuylkill River and confusingly, given the name Sharp Mountain, Pennsylvania. }} in the Panther Creek valley. Near Summit Hill was the 'Sharpe Mountain' (peak), where in 1791 Phillip Ginter is documented as having discovered Anthracite leading to the formation of the Lehigh Coal Mine Company. In 1818 the Lehigh Coal Company took over the mines and the mining camp gradually became a settlement and grew into Summit Hill. The Pisgah Ridge forms the left bank drainage divide on the south and the streams source in the east. The peak at the east end of the ridge is named Mount Pisgah and represents a hard rock knob that towers {{convert|900|ft}}{{cn|date=September 2016}} above the Lehigh River towns of Jim Thorpe to the east, and Nesquehoning to its north. The municipalities are located relative to one another just around a near ninety-degree bend in the Lehigh a few miles apart by road or river. Geologically, the Pisgah Ridge divide is classed as of semi-major degree, the waters enter the same body, the Delaware, but do so over fifty miles apart as the north draining waters are feed waters of the Panther Creek running east as a Little Schuylkill tributary, whilst the eastern south slope waters drain into the valley formed by the Mauch Chunk Ridge paralleling Pisgah Ridge to the south, via the Mauch Chunk Creek[3] (White Bear Creek). Furthermore, the terminal but subordinate peak of the ridge and Mount Pisgah is located at the joining of two ridgelines of similar height, the more northerly, Nesquehoning Mountain forming the right bank drainage divide for Panther Creek, and being sundered from Mount Pisgah proper by a short very steep characteristic V-shaped water-erosion valley (oriented below a 'right bank' prominence named "Indian Peak") that US-209 climbs steeply from the town of Nesquehoning westwards 2–3 miles to reach the head of the Panther Creek Valley. The railroad tracks paralleling PA-54 also transiting the town of Nesquehoning's flat river-bank terrain takes over sixteen miles farther to climb and descend to once again reach an elevation where it can turn to enter the Panther Creek Valley near the confluence with the Little Schuylkill via the rail yard at Tamaqua in a longer more circuitous climb—and demonstration why dump trucks have replaced railroads in short haul situations. GeologyMount Pisgah is a typical end-ridge formed by a watercourse gap. Pisgah Mountain is but one average folded mountain in a succession of near parallel ridgelines, where each are made by a succession of peaks of nearly the same height. This Ridge and Valley province is a geological feature that extends from New Jersey into Virginia forming a great barrier of successive valleys. Pisgah Mountain, located along the southern fringe of northeastern Pennsylvania's Poconos region is also central to the Southern Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania— known as the site of the Richest Anthracite Seam, in the heart of the Southern Pennsylvania Anthracite Field and the geological province known as the Anthracite Upland section. The ridgeline parallels the escarpment of the Blue Mountain region but unlike that barrier with several major cuttings, Mount Pisgah is a divide between waters running southwesterly in the historic Panther Creek (Pennsylvania). The mountain ridge's peaks lie between two nearly parallel ridge lines to the north and south, Nesquehoning Mountain a similar ridge extending north from Mount Pisgah where the two are joined, and to the south across a valley formed by Mauch Chunk Creek, the Mauch Chunk Ridge. The former historic Mauch Chunk & Summit Hill Railway is now a combined bike & hiking trail along both its former paths, and the north trail has an offshoot to the summit of Mount Pisgah that has a view of the surrounding countryside, and particularly of the Lehigh River gap about {{convert|1200|ft|m|0}} feet (or more) below.[4] Mauch Chunk Lake Park and Mauch Chunk Reservoir are also located at the base of the mountain in the valley it forms with Mauch Chunk Mountain, a similar ridgeline in the ridge-and-valley Appalachians north of PA-Rt 443. At the Mauch Chunk-Bear Mountain Gap east of Jim Thorpe, the range ends rapidly descending to the Lehigh River Valley below the northeastern summit marked on USGS topological maps as Mt. Pisgah, which is named for the biblical mountain in Jordan from which Moses first saw the promised land (as are many Mountains around the world and especially in the United States). During the late 19th century and early 20th-century, this mountain was a favorite summer resort for those from eastern cities, even as far away as New York City for it sported what has been called the world's first roller coaster, the gravity railroad founded in 1827 by the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company, builders of the Lehigh Canal and the tourist attracting Mauch Chunk & Summit Hill Railway, which formed a loop between South Mauch Chunk (now the south part of Jim Thorpe, PA) and Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, the site of the first high volume coal production in the greater region. Visitors were able to travel by rail via the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) which succeeded the Lehigh and Susquehanna founded by LC&N Co. which owned most of the eastern part of the area, stay on in a hotel owned by the LC&N, eat at restaurants and buy from shops owned in part by the LC&N, and see the sights after the long mule-pulled four hour trip up to Summit Hill, which featured other tourist services and a 100 foot observation tower. The views from the tower looked over the bucolic Pennsylvania landscape between the Nesquehoning Ridge and Pisgah Mountain on the North side, and Pisgah and the Mauch Chunk Range on the south valley. The saddle pass between the northern ridges topped by Summit Hill, and Lansford, Pennsylvania generated the springs and run off of Panther Creek which runs nearly due west into the Little Schuylkill River at Tamaqua, Pennsylvania which path eventually allowed conventional steam powered rail trackage to be built into the valley after a convoluted and lengthy path around and between Nesquehoning Ridge and Broad Mountain via Delano Junction, a railroad nexus still in use today. }} Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^USGS MRC: 40075-D6 (1893), Hazelton Quadrangles, South center ridge on USGS topological map of Schuylkill-Lehigh River Drainage Divides, 1893, rev 1893. 2. ^By inspection (estimated from topological maps) - Low is 900' near Panther Creek, High streets, ca. 1040 ft, Summit Hill, variation is 140 ft, 1440-900=540, 1440-1040=300, which given 1-14 miles of ridge, is close enough to justify the statement. {{void|Range given does not include height a above Nesquehoning or Jim Thorpe, which proximal to the 700 ft mean elevation above the river, and the ridge have a larger altitude variation relative to the summits, as do the near summit (Mount Pisgah) to the gap}}. 3. ^Inspection today via maps.google.com shows the headwaters begin to flow east from ~{{convert|.5|mi|km|1}} (~2600 ft, estimated) south of Coaldale. Today's creek now leads to Mauch Chunk Lake at Mauch Chunk Lake Park, but Google maps names it White Bear Creek. 4. ^summit @1557 per USGS, Benchmark of 480 above the river. Reference works
| url = http://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=41.80984&lon=-76.71591&datum=nad27&u=4&layer=DRG25&size=l&s=48| title = Latitude and Longitude from TopoQuest | publisher = TopoQuest.com}}{{Mountains of Pennsylvania}}{{coord|41.80984|-76.71591|region:US-PA_type:mountain|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pisgah, Mountain}} 4 : Mountains of Pennsylvania|Landforms of Carbon County, Pennsylvania|Landforms of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania|Lehigh Valley |
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