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词条 Styphnolobium
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. Species

     Section Oresbios  Section Styphnolobium 

  3. Uses

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox
| name = Styphnolobium
| image = SophoraJaponicaLeaf.jpg
| image_caption = Styphnolobium japonicum foliage
| regnum = Plantae
| unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
| unranked_classis = Eudicots
| unranked_ordo = Rosids
| ordo = Fabales
| familia = Fabaceae
| subfamilia = Faboideae
| genus = Styphnolobium
| genus_authority = Schott
| type_species = Styphnolobium japonicum
| type_species_authority = (L.) Schott
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 9; see text.
| synonyms = * Sophora sect. Styphnolobium (Schott) Yaklovev
}}Styphnolobium is a small genus of three or four species of small trees and shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae, formerly included within a broader interpretation of the genus Sophora. It was recently assigned to the unranked, monophyletic Cladrastis clade.[1][2][3] They differ from the genus Calia (mescalbeans) in having deciduous leaves and flowers in axillary, not terminal, racemes. The leaves are pinnate, with 9–21 leaflets, and the flowers in pendulous racemes similar to those of the black locust. Necklacepod is a common name for plants in this genus.[4]

Etymology

From Greek styphno-, stryphno- "sour, astringent" and lobion "pod", because of the fresh pods' pulp taste.[5]

Species

Styphnolobium comprises the following species:[6][7][8]

Section Oresbios

  • Styphnolobium affine (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., the Coralbean or Eve's Necklace is native to the southern United States in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana. It is a large shrub or small tree, growing to 5–7 m tall, with white or pale violet flowers. The seeds of this species are believed to be poisonous. [9] The sapwood leaches a yellow dye on contact with water. [10]
  • Styphnolobium burseroides M. Sousa & Rudd
  • Styphnolobium caudatum M. Sousa & Rudd is native to Nicaragua.
  • Styphnolobium conzattii (Standl.) M. Sousa & Rudd
  • Styphnolobium monteviridis M. Sousa & Rudd is native to Central America.
  • Styphnolobium parviflorum M. Sousa & Rudd
  • Styphnolobium protantherum M. Sousa & Rudd
  • Styphnolobium sporadicum M. Sousa & Rudd

Section Styphnolobium

  • Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott, the Pagoda Tree (Chinese Scholar, Japanese pagodatree; syn. Sophora japonica), is native to eastern Asia (mainly China; despite the name, it is introduced in Japan), is a popular ornamental tree in Europe, North America and South Africa, grown for its white flowers, borne in late summer after most other flowering trees have long finished flowering. It grows into a lofty tree 10–20 m tall with an equal spread, and produces a fine, dark brown timber.

Uses

The Pagoda Tree is widely used in bonsai gardening. The Guilty Chinese Scholartree was a historic Pagoda Tree in Beijing, on which the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, hanged himself.

S. japonicum (Chinese: 槐; pinyin: huái; formerly Sophora japonica) is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.

References

1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, ((Van Wyk B-E)), Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629913002585 | journal = S Afr J Bot | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 }}
2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Cardoso D, de Queiroz LP, Pennington RT, de Lima HC, Fonty É, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2012 | title = Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages | url = http://www.amjbot.org/content/99/12/1991.abstract | journal = Am J Bot | volume = 99 | issue = 12 | pages = 1991–2013 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.1200380 | pmid=23221500}}
3. ^{{cite journal | author = Wojciechowski MF | year = 2013 | title = The origin and phylogenetic relationships of the Californian chaparral 'paleoendemic' Pickeringia (Leguminosae) | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aspt/sb/2013/00000038/00000001/art00016 | journal = Syst Bot | volume = 38 | issue = 1 | pages = 132–142 | doi = 10.1600/036364413X662024 }}
4. ^{{PLANTS|id=STYPH2|taxon=Styphnolobium|accessdate=4 December 2015}}
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/research-data/resources/legumes-of-the-world/genus/styphnolobium |title=Styphnolobium |website=Kew |access-date=2017-01-23}}
6. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Styphnolobium&species~ | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Styphnolobium | author = | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | accessdate = 13 February 2014 }}
7. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11705 | title = GRIN species records of Styphnolobium | author = USDA | author-link = USDA | author2 = ARS | author2-link = Agricultural Research Service | author3 = National Genetic Resources Program | date = | website = Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland | accessdate = 13 February 2014 }}
8. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Sousa-Sánchez M, Rudd VE | year = 1993 | title = Revisión del género Styphnolobium (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Sophoreae) |trans-title= Revision of the genus Styphnolobium (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Sophoreae) | url = http://botanicus.org/page/1452452 | journal = Ann Missouri Bot Gard | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 270–283 | issn = 0026-6493 | doi=10.2307/2399827| jstor = 2399827 }}
9. ^https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=staf4
10. ^https://www.dirtdoctor.com/garden/Eves-Necklace_vq841.htm

External links

{{Commons|Styphnolobium japonicum}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080119224357/http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/4dmg/Trees/pagoda.htm Styphnolobium japonicum (as Sophora japonica)]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517122439/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/BotanicalSciences/TreesFamiliesNames/WhatTreeIsIt/IdentifybyName/CommonName/ChineseScholarTree/ChineseScholarTree.htm "Chinese Scholar Tree"]
  • The Evil God in the Pagoda Tree Japanese folktale with the Pagoda Tree at hyakumonogatari.com
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11815640}}Styphnolobium japonicum

3 : Faboideae|Medicinal plants|Flora of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
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