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词条 Plastiglomerate
释义

  1. Origin

  2. Depositional environment

  3. History

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Further reading

{{short description|Stone containing a mixture of natural debris held together by molten plastic}}Plastiglomerate is a term that was proposed by Patricia Corcoran, Charles J. Moore and Kelly Jazvac for a stone that contains mixtures of sedimentary grains, and other natural debris (e.g. shells, wood) that is held together by hardened molten plastic.[1] It has been considered a potential marker of the Anthropocene, an informal epoch of the Quaternary proposed by some social scientists, environmentalists, and geologists.[2]

Origin

Plastiglomerates form along shorelines where natural sedimentary grains and organic debris are agglutinated by melted plastic created during campfire burning. They have been reported from Kamilo Beach on the island of Hawaii.[1]

Depositional environment

Plastiglomerate could potentially form a marker horizon of human pollution on the geologic record.[1][3][6][4] and may survive as future fossils.[2][6] Plastiglomerate may also conceivably form in plastic-polluted regions affected by lava flows or forest fires.[1][6][4] They have been found on the surface as well as beneath the sand.[1][5] This suggests that plastiglomerates are being actively deposited into the sedimentary record.[5] Some geophysicists and geologists speculate that plastiglomerates will not persist in the fossil record, however, or that they might "revert back to a source of oil from whence they came, given the right conditions of burial".[6]

"In situ" plastiglomerate forms where plastic melts and fills in rock cavities.[1][7][8] "Clastic" plastiglomerate are smaller solitary pieces that form where larger fused items become fragmented by waves. Plastiglomerate is more dense than particles that are solely composed of plastic, which gives them greater potential to become buried and preserved in the rock record.[1][7][6]

History

Charles Moore, a sea captain and oceanographer for the Algalita Marine Research Institute in Long Beach, California, discovered this substance in 2006 while surveying Kamilo Beach on the Big Island of Hawai’i.[2] Geology professor, Dr. Patricia Corcoran and Visual artist professor, Kelly Jazvac of the University of Western Ontario investigated the samples on Kamilo Beach in 2012 where they also coined the term "plastiglomerate".[2] Approximately one-fifth of the plastiglomerates found at Kamilo Beach consisted of fishing debris, one quarter consisted of broken lid containers, and one half consisted of plastic "confetti".[3][11] The plastiglomerate at Kamilo Beach was more likely created from human campfires than from molten lava flows.[2][7][4]

See also

  • Plastic pollution

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news |url = http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/24/6/article/i1052-5173-24-6-4.htm|title = An anthropogenic marker horizon in the future rock record|author1=Patricia Corcoran |author2=Charles Moore |author3=Kelly Jazvac |last-author-amp=yes |date = September 3, 2013|publisher = GSA Today}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |last = Nuwer|first = Rachel|title = Future Fossils: Plastic Stone|website = The New York Times|date = 9 June 2014|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/10/science/earth/future-fossils-plastic-stone.html|accessdate = 17 January 2015}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |first = Simon|last = Sharwood|title = Plastic is the new rock, say Geologists|website = The Register|date = 6 June 2014|url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/06/06/geologists_say_plastic_trash_becomes_new_form_of_rock/|accessdate = 17 January 2015}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web | last=Herreria | first=Carla | title=Humans Are Leaving Their Mark On The Planet In The Worst Way Possible | website=The Huffington Post | date=19 June 2014 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/19/plastiglomerate_n_5496062.html | accessdate=17 January 2015}}
5. ^1 {{cite web | last=MacDonald | first=James | title="Plastic Rock" Marks the Presence of Humans in the Fossil Record | website=JSTOR Daily | date=13 August 2014 | url=http://daily.jstor.org/plastic-rock-marks-the-presence-of-humans-in-the-fossil-record/ | accessdate=18 January 2015}}
6. ^1 {{cite web |last = Chen|first = Angus|title = Rocks Made of Plastic Found on Hawaiian Beach|website = sciencemag.org|publisher = American Association for the Advancement of Science|date = 4 June 2014|url = http://news.sciencemag.org/earth/2014/06/rocks-made-plastic-found-hawaiian-beach|accessdate = 17 January 2015}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web | last=Castro | first=Joseph | last2=Contributor | first2=Live Science | title=Plastic Legacy: Humankind's Trash Is Now a New Rock | website=Yahoo News | date=4 June 2014 | url=https://news.yahoo.com/plastic-legacy-humankinds-trash-now-rock-130346422.html | accessdate=17 January 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web | title=New Rock Forms from Our Trash: Plastiglomerate : DNews | website=DNews | date=4 June 2014 | url=http://news.discovery.com/earth/rocks-fossils/new-rock-forms-from-our-trash-plastiglomerate-140604.htm | first=Joseph|last=Castro|accessdate=17 January 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web | title=Plasti-what? Plastiglomerate. | website=Exhibits : Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History | date=| year= | url=http://peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/plasti-what-plastiglomerate | accessdate=18 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115133124/http://peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/plasti-what-plastiglomerate|archivedate=15 January 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|last1=Morgan-Feir|first1=Caoimhe|title=Exhibition Review: Kelly Jazvac|url=http://www.magentafoundation.org/magazine/kelly-jazvac/|website=Magenta Magazine|publisher=Magenta|accessdate=31 May 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web | title=Pollution forms a new kind of rock, "plastiglomerate" | website=CBS News | date=11 June 2014 | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/pollution-forms-a-new-kind-of-rock-plastiglomerate-in-hawaii/ | accessdate=17 January 2015|first=Eliene|last=Augenbraun}}

Further reading

{{wiktionary}}
  • {{cite web | last=Biello | first=David | title=I Just Want to Say One Word to You: Plastiglomerate | website=Scientific American | date=8 June 2014 | url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/i-just-want-to-say-one-word-to-you-plastiglomerate1/ }}
  • {{cite journal|journal=GSA Today|date=June 2014|volume=24|issue=6|pages=4–8|last1=Corcoran|first1=Patricia|last2=Moore|first2=Charles|last3=Jazvac|first3=Kelly|title=An anthropogenic marker horizon in the future rock record|url=http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/24/6/article/i1052-5173-24-6-4.htm|publisher=|doi=10.1130/GSAT-G198A.1}}
  • {{cite web | last=Nixon | first=Rob | title=‘The Human Age,’ by Diane Ackerman | website=The New York Times | date=5 September 2014 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/07/books/review/the-human-age-by-diane-ackerman.html }}
{{plastics}}

5 : Anthropology|Archaeology|Plastics and the environment|Pollution|Rock formations
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