| 词条 | Submission (2004 film) |
| 释义 |
| name = Submission | writer = Ayaan Hirsi Ali | director = Theo van Gogh | starring = | music = Theo van Gogh | language = English | producer = Theo van Gogh Gijs van de Westelaken | editing = Theo van Gogh | cinematography = Theo van Gogh | released = {{Film date|df=y|2004|08|29}} | country = Netherlands | runtime = 10 minutes | distributor = | budget = €18,000 }} Submission is a 2004 English-language Dutch short drama film produced and directed by Theo van Gogh, and written by Ayaan Hirsi Ali (a former member of the Dutch House of Representatives for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy); it was shown on the Dutch public broadcasting network (VPRO) on 29 August 2004. The film's title is one of the possible translations of the Arabic word "Islam". A Muslim fundamentalist reacted to the film by assassinating Van Gogh. ContentThe film tells the story of four fictional characters played by a single actress wearing a veil,[1] but clad in a see-through Hijab , her naked body painted with verses from the Quran.[2] The characters are Muslim women who have been abused in various ways. The film contains monologues of these women and dramatically highlights three verses of the Koran ({{cite quran|4|34|style=nosup|expand=no}} {{cite quran|2|222|style=nosup|expand=no}} and {{cite quran|24|2|style=nosup|expand=no}}), by showing them painted on women’s bodies. MotivationWriter Hirsi Ali has said "it is written in the Koran a woman may be slapped if she is disobedient. This is one of the evils I wish to point out in the film".[3] In an answer to a question about whether the film would offend Muslims, Hirsi Ali said that "if you're a Muslim woman and you read the Koran, and you read in there that you should be raped if you say 'no' to your husband, that is offensive. And that is insulting."[4] Director of the film, Theo Van Gogh, who was known as a controversial and provocative personality,[5][6] called the film a "political pamphlet."[7] ReceptionThe film drew praise for portraying the ways in which women are abused in accordance with fundamentalist Islamic law, as well as anger for criticising Islamic canon itself.[8] It drew the following comment from movie critic Phill Hall, "Submission was bold in openly questioning misogyny and a culture of violence against women because of Koranic interpretations. The questions raised in the film deserve to be asked: is it divine will to assault or kill women? Is there holiness in holding women at substandard levels, denying them the right to free will and independent thought? And ultimately, how can such a mindframe exist in the 21st century?"[1] Film critic Dennis Lim, on the other hand, stated that, "It's depressing to think that this morsel of glib effrontery could pass as a serious critique of conservative Islam."[9] Another (unnamed) critic referred to the stories told in the film as "simplistic, even caricatures".[8] After the film's broadcast on Dutch television, newspaper De Volkskrant reported{{full citation needed|date=January 2019}} claims of plagiarism against Hirsi Ali and Van Gogh, made by Internet journalist Francisco van Jole. Van Jole said the duo had "aped" the ideas of Iranian American video artist Shirin Neshat. Neshat's work, which made abundant use of Persian Calligraphy projected onto bodies, had been shown in the Netherlands in 1997 and 2000. Assassination of Theo Van Gogh{{main article|Theo van Gogh (film director)#Murder}}On 2 November 2004, van Gogh was assassinated in public by Mohammed Bouyeri, a Dutch-Moroccan Muslim with a Dutch passport. A letter,[10] stabbed through and affixed to the body by a dagger, linked the murder to Van Gogh's film and his views regarding Islam. It was addressed to Ayaan Hirsi Ali and called for a jihad against kafir (unbelievers or infidels), against America, Europe, the Netherlands, and Hirsi Ali herself. Following the murder of Van Gogh, tens of thousands gathered in the center of Amsterdam to mourn Van Gogh's death. Besides Bouyeri, eleven other Muslim men were arrested and charged with conspiracy to assassinate Hirsi Ali.[11] Bouyeri was jailed for life without the possibility of parole,[12] while some of the others were convicted of other offences in relation to their involvement in the so-called Hofstad Network.[13] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/the-bootleg-files-submission|title=Film Threat - The Bootleg Files: "Submission"|publisher=|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507153306/http://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/the-bootleg-files-submission/|archive-date=7 May 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 2. ^1 {{Cite interview|last=Hirsi Ali|first=Ayaan|subjectlink=Ayaan Hirsi Ali|title=SPIEGEL Interview with Hirsi Ali: "We Must Declare War on Islamist Propaganda"|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/spiegel-interview-with-hirsi-ali-we-must-declare-war-on-islamist-propaganda-a-356485.html|work=Spiegel Online|date=14 May 2005|accessdate=2 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916051404/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/spiegel-interview-with-hirsi-ali-we-must-declare-war-on-islamist-propaganda-a-356485.html|archivedate=16 September 2014|deadurl=no|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnd.nl/showarticle.php3?newsID=15018|title=Dutch News Digest|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320233336/http://www.dnd.nl/showarticle.php3?newsID=15018|archivedate=20 March 2012|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/03/11/60minutes/main679609.shtml |title=Slaughter And 'Submission', Creator Of Dutch Film Vows Sequel Despite Muslim Death Threats - CBS News |access-date=3 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514080001/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/03/11/60minutes/main679609.shtml |archive-date=14 May 2007 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^[https://www.villagevoice.com/2004/11/09/the-day-i-became-a-martyr-islam-protest-brings-fatal-fatwa/ Lim, Dennis: The Village Voice, 16 November 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233617/https://www.villagevoice.com/2004/11/09/the-day-i-became-a-martyr-islam-protest-brings-fatal-fatwa/ |date=5 January 2018 }} "he was most famous for being a radical-libertarian loudmouth. A political columnist who got fired from almost every newspaper in the country, he delighted in blurring the line between free speech and hatemongering—he insisted on calling conservative Muslims 'goatfuckers.'" 6. ^Review of Submission by Phil Hall {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507153306/http://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/the-bootleg-files-submission/ |date=7 May 2018 }} "In his own career, van Gogh was a minor figure within Dutch culture who was known for writing rude political columns and creating films designed to challenge the sensibilities of Dutch audiences–which was no mean feat, given that nation’s excessively liberal social environment." 7. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20041014212317/http://www.theovangogh.nl/Hirsi_Subm.html Simons, Marlese. "Ex-Muslim turns her lens on a taboo", The New York Times] " 'Of course it's a political pamphlet; that's undeniable,' said Theo van Gogh, who directed the film and insisted....." 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.theovangogh.nl/Hirsi_Subm.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041014212317/http://www.theovangogh.nl/Hirsi_Subm.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2004-10-14|title=Ex-Muslim turns her lens on a taboo|publisher=theovangogh.nl}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2004/11/09/the-day-i-became-a-martyr-islam-protest-brings-fatal-fatwa/|title=The Day I Became a Martyr: Islam Protest Brings Fatal Fatwa|author=Dennis Lim|date=22 January 2008|publisher=Village Voice|access-date=4 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233617/https://www.villagevoice.com/2004/11/09/the-day-i-became-a-martyr-islam-protest-brings-fatal-fatwa/|archive-date=5 January 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^'Jihad Manifesto' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209233904/http://www.militantislammonitor.org/article/id/312 |date=9 February 2005 }} - A call to destroy America and all "unbelievers", English translation - letter left on van Gogh's body by the militant Islamist killer, Militant Islam Monitor.org, 5 November 2004 11. ^Slaughter And 'Submission' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514080001/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/03/11/60minutes/main679609.shtml |date=14 May 2007 }} - Creator Of Dutch Film Vows Sequel Despite Muslim Death Threats, CBS, 20 August 2006 12. ^{{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212232820/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/life-in-jail-for-brutal-killer-of-dutch-filmmaker-van-gogh-500346.html|archive-date=February 2010|author=Stephen Castle|date=September 2005|title=Life in jail for brutal killer of Dutch film-maker Van Gogh|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/life-in-jail-for-brutal-killer-of-dutch-filmmaker-van-gogh-500346.html|publisher=The Independent}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rechtspraak.nl/Gerechten/Rechtbanken/s-Gravenhage/Actualiteiten/Rechtbank+heeft+uitspraak+gedaan+in+zaken+verdachten+Hofstadgroep.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-04-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422021517/http://www.rechtspraak.nl/Gerechten/Rechtbanken/s-Gravenhage/Actualiteiten/Rechtbank+heeft+uitspraak+gedaan+in+zaken+verdachten+Hofstadgroep.htm |archivedate=22 April 2006 |df=dmy-all }} External links
16 : 2004 films|2000s documentary films|2000s drama films|2000s short films|Dutch films|Dutch documentary films|Dutch drama films|Dutch short films|English-language films|Films directed by Theo van Gogh|Documentary films about violence against women|Documentary films critical of Islam|Islam-related controversies in Europe|2004 in Islam|Documentary films about women and religion|Opposition to Islam in the Netherlands |
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