| 词条 | Polesie State Radioecological Reserve | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Polesie State Radioecological Reserve | alt_name = Палескі дзяржаўны радыяцыйна-экалагічны запаведнік Полесский государственный радиационно-экологический заповедник | iucn_category = | photo = Polesie State Radioecological Reserve (OpenStreetMap).png | photo_alt = | photo_caption = OSM map of the reserve highlighting some nearby places in the annotations (as Mazyr, Pripyat, the Chernobyl Plant etc). The map in the corner shows its position (red) within Belarus, showing also the Ukrainian, and contiguous, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (yellow) | photo_width = | map = Belarus | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of PSRER in Belarus. | map_width = | relief = | location = {{flag|Belarus}} | nearest_city = Brahin, Naroulia, Chojniki | coords = {{coord|51|39|N|29|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area = {{convert|2162|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | established = July 18, 1988[1] | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = | url = {{official website|http://www.zapovednik.by/}} | child = | embedded = }} The Polesie State Radioecological Reserve ({{lang-be|Палескі дзяржаўны радыяцыйна-экалагічны запаведнік}}, {{lang-ru|Полесский государственный радиационно-экологический заповедник}}) (Acronym PSRER) is a radioecological nature reserve in the Polesie region of Belarus, which was created to enclose the territory of Belarus most affected by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl disaster. Also known as Zapovednik (Russian for "nature reserve"),[2] it adjoins the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in Ukraine. The environmental monitoring and countermeasure agency, Bellesrad, oversees the food cultivation and forestry in the area. HistoryTwo years after the Chernobyl disaster, the Belarusian part of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone was extended to a more highly contaminated area. Then, a closed to the public nature reserve was established in Belarus with a total area of {{convert|1313|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The reserve was established on July 18, 1988.[1] Before the disaster, over 22,000 people lived there in 96 settlements. The population was evacuated after the disaster. In 1993 it was expanded by {{convert|849|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, making it the biggest Belarusian nature reserve and one of the biggest in Europe. GeographyOverviewThe area, located in southern Gomel Region and bordering the Ukrainian Exclusion Zone, includes part of the raions (districts) of Brahin, Chojniki and Naroulia.[2][3] It is crossed by the Pripyat River, and the city of Mazyr is {{convert|36|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the northwestern entrance, in Naroulia. The southern strip is crossed by the Chernihiv–Ovruch railway, which passes through the villages of Kaporanka, Kalyban and Pasudava. SettlementsThe following list shows the abandoned villages included in the reserve. Population refers to the 1959 census. "fam." refers to the number of families evacuated after the 1986 disaster.
Fauna and floraThe reserve hosts many rare and endangered species, which thrive there thanks to the virtual absence of humans. They include bears, European bison, Przewalski horse, Golden eagle and White-tailed eagle. It is home to the world's largest population of the European marsh turtle. According to PSRER administration, there are 7 reptile, 11 amphibian, 46 mammal, 213 bird and 25 fish species. Of those, 70 are listed in the International Red Book and the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus. Flora includes 1251 registered plants, which is more than two-thirds of the flora of the country, and 18 of the plant species are listed in the Red Book.[4] Reserve employeesState Reserve staff counts 700 people, 40 of which are academic degree holders. ActivitiesAlthough the reserve was established for the purpose of radiobiological and environmental research, it is of interest to other biologists. Due to the minimal human presence, it is possible to observe the natural development of wildlife in the conditions of Belarus. "In connection with the removal of anthropogenic load and the wealth of flora the ideal conditions for the recovery of the animal world have been created here", states the report of the Committee on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl disaster at the Council of Ministers of Belarus. Some new species, including European bison, have been introduced on the territory of the reserve. Main activitiesAdministration of PSRER is located in the town of Chojniki. The annual budget of PSRER is 4 million USD. Main activities include:[5]
Extra-budgetary activitiesThe administration uses land in the reserve to earn income in addition to its budget. The purpose is to increase the self-sufficiency of the reserve, save money, increase the salaries of employees and contribute positively to the GDP of Belarus. Activities include:
As of 2004, the herd at the reserve's horse farm numbered 230 horses. Cattle are being bred to endure the conditions of radioactive contamination, and young individuals are sold for further breeding. During all activities the content of radionuclides is being monitored in order to not exceed the limits.[6] See also
References1. ^1 Polesie State Radioecological Reserve: about 2. ^1 Polesie Radio-ecological Zapovednik (APB BirdLife Belarus) 3. ^{{OSM|w|253459229|Polesie State Radioecological Reserve}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.gomel-region.by/ru/bottom_menu/news/society?ns_id=288|title=Общество {{!}} Гомельская область {{!}} Гомель|website=www.gomel-region.by|language=ru-RU|access-date=2018-03-31}} 5. ^About (zapovednik.by) 6. ^Внебюджетная деятельность External links{{commons category|Polesie State Radioecological Reserve}}
5 : Polesie State Radioecological Reserve|Biosphere reserves of Belarus|Geography of Gomel Region|Chernobyl disaster|Radioactively contaminated areas |
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