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词条 Political gaffe
释义

  1. Kinsley gaffe

  2. Notable gaffes by country

     Australia  Azerbaijan  Canada  Netherlands  Poland  Portugal  Romania  United Kingdom  United States 

  3. See also

  4. Footnotes

  5. References

  6. Further reading

{{recentism|date=June 2017}}

A political gaffe is an error made by a politician.[1]

Gaffe is of French origin, originally a 'boat hook' as in 'gaff rig' where the relation is apparent, but the sense association to a blundering remark is obscure.[2]

Kinsley gaffe

A Kinsley gaffe occurs when a political gaffe reveals some truth that a politician did not intend to admit.[3][4] The term comes from journalist Michael Kinsley, who said, "A gaffe is when a politician tells the truth – some obvious truth he isn't supposed to say."[5][6]

The term gaffe may be used to describe an inadvertent statement by a politician that the politician believes is true while the politician has not fully analyzed the consequences of publicly stating it. Another definition is a statement made when the politician privately believes it to be true, realizes the dire consequences of saying it, and yet inadvertently utters, in public, the unutterable.[7] Another definition is a politician's statement of what is on his or her mind{{mdash}}this may or may not be inadvertent{{mdash}}thereby leading to a ritualized 'gaffe dance' between candidates. While exhibiting umbrage or shock, and playing on the mistake, the 'offended candidate' must not exhibit anything resembling glee.[8][9] A propensity to concentrate on so-called 'gaffes' in campaigns has been criticized as a journalistic device that can lead to distraction from real issues.[10] The Kinsley gaffe is said to be a species of the general 'political gaffe.'[11]

Kinsley himself posed the question: "Why should something a politician says by accident automatically be taken as a better sign of his or her real thinking than something he or she says on purpose?"[9]

Steven Pinker says that politicians use vague and indirect language to avoid making concrete statements, and that lazy journalists base political coverage around "gaffe spotting" rather than analysis of political platforms.[12]

The rise of Internet activism has created a new generation of negative campaigning where a political campaign can create attack ads within an hour of a politician making a gaffe.[13][14]

Notable gaffes by country

Australia

  • On August 12, 2013, at a Liberal Party function in Melbourne as part of the 2013 Federal Election campaign, Australian Opposition Leader Tony Abbott, criticising Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, said "No one, however smart, however well-educated, however experienced, is the suppository of all wisdom." The word he meant was "repository". It did not take long for the clip of Mr Abbott's gaffe to be featured on the websites of some of the world's biggest news organisations.[15]

Azerbaijan

  • The Central Election Commission showed Ilham Aliyev to be winning with 72.76% of the vote via the Commission's official smartphone app a day before voting had even started for the 2013 elections.[16]

Canada

  • "Air pollution is the smell of money" – Philip Gaglardi.[17][18]
  • Pierre Trudeau and the fuddle duddle incident, 1971
  • Jacques Parizeau's 'money and the ethnic vote' speech, 1995
  • Peter MacKay calling his ex-girlfriend Belinda Stronach a dog after she joined the opposition party.[19]
  • "Evil reptilian kitten eater from another planet" – Ontario general election, 2003

Netherlands

  • During a 2009 speech in Mexico City, crown prince Willem-Alexander mistranslated the proverb "A sleeping shrimp gets carried away by the tide" roughly as "A sleeping shrimp gets screwed."[20]

Poland

  • Polish Foreign Minister Witold Waszczykowski told reporters on 10 January 2017 that he had established diplomatic relations with "San Escobar", a nonexistent country.[21][22]

Portugal

  • "Everyone will give their best for a poorer country" – Prime Minister José Sócrates.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}

Romania

  • Victor Ponta's televised admission, after his party lost the 2008 election, that "their [the opponents'] system of electoral fraud worked better than ours"[23]

United Kingdom

  • Winston Churchill's election broadcast in the campaign for the 1945 general election in which he suggested that the Labour Party would create "some form of a Gestapo" to implement their reforms.[24]
  • John Major calling some of his cabinet ministers bastards.[25]
  • Gordon Brown referring to a member of the public as a "bigoted woman" during an election campaign.
  • Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh has become famous for making remarks that were often construed as being offensive or stereotypical in nature.[26]

United States

  • The Gerald Ford Soviet Domination answer.[27]
  • The Jimmy Carter "Lust in the Heart" interview [28]
  • We begin bombing in five minutes. – A joke by Ronald Reagan in a sound check prior to his weekly radio address that was later leaked.
  • "Oh, the vision thing." – George H. W. Bush
  • Dan Quayle misspelling "potatoe" while attending an elementary school spelling bee[29]
  • "You forgot Poland" and numerous others -George W. Bush
  • "I mean, you got the first mainstream African-American, who is articulate and bright and clean and a nice-looking guy. I mean, that's a storybook, man!" – Joe Biden[30][31]
  • Legitimate rape, Todd Akin, United States Senate election in Missouri, 2012
  • Rick Perry's "Oops moment"
  • 47% speech by Mitt Romney
  • Farmer from Iowa comment, Bruce Braley, United States Senate election in Iowa, 2014
  • Joe Biden's remarks that: "No matter how deeply involved you are in the U.S. … there’s only one guarantee ... and that's the state of Israel" [32]
  • United States House of Representatives Kevin McCarthy — favored as successor to Speaker of the House John Boehner — "made Kinsley proud" as he bragged on Fox News's Sean Hannity show that the House GOP Investigation into the 2012 Benghazi attack had been effective in eroding Hillary Clinton's popularity, thus implying that the purpose of the investigation had been political.[33][34]
  • Hillary Clinton linking her Wall Street donors to 9/11[35][36][37][38][39]
  • Hillary Clinton Basket of deplorables comment on Trump Supporters.[40][41]
  • John Kasich's response to a question as about why District of Columbia is unrepresented in the United States Congress: i.e., purposefully, so as to disenfranchise as many Democrats as possible.[42]
  • Maine governor Paul LePage, in vetoing a bill that would have made Narcan available to save addicts from overdoses, stated that the drug "does not truly save lives; it merely extends them until the next overdose".[43][44]
  • Donald Trump's statement, "It has not been easy for me... My father gave me a small loan of a million dollars". [45]
  • Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's roll-out of her Green New Deal resolution, which her office pulled from her website and stated that the "wrong version" was uploaded. It called for payments to those "unable or unwilling to work," the phasing out of all air travel, and rebuilding every structure in the United States to comply with new environmental standards.[https://www.boulderweekly.com/opinion/the-green-new-deal-and-the-mother-of-all-kinsley-gaffes/]

See also

  • Freudian slip
  • Howler
  • Microphone gaffe

Footnotes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gaffe?q=gaffe |title=Definition for gaffe – Oxford Dictionaries Online (World English) |publisher=Oxforddictionaries.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-29}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gaffe|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|work=etymonline.com}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gaffe | first=Merriam | last=Webster |authorlink=Merriam Webster| date= June 3, 1972 | title=Merriam Webster definition of Gaffe |publisher=Merriam Webster Dictionary | accessdate=2007-04-11}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://politicaldictionary.com/index/g/ |first1=Taegan |last1=Goddard |work=Taegan Goddard's Political Dictionary |publisher=Political Wire |title=Kinsley Gaffe |accessdate=April 10, 2012}}
5. ^{{citation |first=Michael |last=Kinsley|date=April 23, 1988 |title= Commentary: The gaffer speaks |newspaper=The Times |accessdate =2012-03-21}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://nancyfriedman.typepad.com/away_with_words/2011/08/word-of-the-week-kinsley-gaffe.html |title=Word of the Week: Kinsley Gaffe |first1=Nancy |last1=Friedman |date=August 22, 2011 |work=Fritinancy |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ouyRf44?url=http://nancyfriedman.typepad.com/away_with_words/2011/08/word-of-the-week-kinsley-gaffe.html |archivedate=April 10, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
7. ^{{cite journal |title=Brill makes a "Kinsley gaffe" |url=http://sheckymagazine.com/2012/01/brill-makes-a-kinsley-gaffe/ |first1=Brian |last1=McKim |first2=Tracy |last2=Skene |publisher=Shecky Magazine.com|date=January 17, 2012|accessdate=May 28, 2012}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://jon.smajda.com/2008/10/23/michael-kinsey-on-the-ritual-of-the-gaffe/ |first1=Jon |last1=Smajda |title=Michael Kinsley on the ritual of the gaffe |date=October 23, 2008|accessdate=May 28, 2012}}
9. ^1 {{cite news |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/06/opinion/la-oe-kinsley-limbaugh-20120306 |date=March 6, 2012 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |title=Kinsley: Limbaugh and the hypocrisy of the gaffe |first1=Michael |last1=Kinsley |accessdate=May 29, 2012}}
10. ^". . . the episode is a perfect gaffe precisely because its content was so meaningless. . ." {{cite news |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2012/06/origins-of-the-gaffe-politics-idiot-maker.html |title=The Origins of the Gaffe, Politics’ Idiot-Maker |first1=Jonathan |last1=Chait |work=New York Magazine |date=June 14, 2012 |accessdate=August 4, 2012}}
11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nymag.com/daily/intel/2012/06/taxonomy-of-gaffes.html |date=June 14, 2012 |title=A Taxonomy of Gaffes |newspaper=New York Magazine |first1=Dan |last1=Amira |location=New York, NY USA|accessdate=August 30, 2012}}
12. ^{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DS4xVcko9qw|title=Political Rhetoric, Explained - Steven Pinker|date=14 October 2008|via=YouTube}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/the-man-who-will-watch-every-word-tony-abbott-says-20130731-2qysi.html|title=Matthew McGregor Kevin Rudd Attack Dog, Mitt Romney Gaffe Video|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/rudd-flies-in-team-obama-20130730-2qxet.html|title=Rudd flies in Team Obama|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/2013/08/13/08/25/abbott-s-gaffe-goes-global|title=Abbott's gaffe goes global|publisher=ninemsn}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/10/09/oops-azerbaijan-released-election-results-before-voting-had-even-started/|title=Oops: Azerbaijan released election results before voting had even started|newspaper=The Washington Post}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://thetyee.ca/News/2010/10/21/BCGreenJobs/|title=Making BC a Green Jobs Machine - The Tyee|date=21 October 2010|work=The Tyee}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abcbookworld.com/view_author.php?id=880 |title=ABCBookWorld |publisher=ABCBookWorld |date= |accessdate=2012-05-29}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2006/10/19/mackay-stronach.html |title=MacKay denies referring to Stronach as a dog – Canada – CBC News |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2006-10-19 |accessdate=2012-05-29}}
20. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2009/11/spanish_quote_gets_prince_into/ |title=Spanish quote gets prince into trouble |work=DutchNews.nl |date=9 November 2009 |accessdate=13 January 2017}}
21. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/11/san-escobar-how-polands-foreign-minister-helped-create-a-fake-country/ |title=San Escobar: How Poland’s foreign minister helped create a fake country |author=Adam Taylor |work=The Washington Post |date=11 January 2017 |accessdate=12 January 2017}}
22. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/01/11/world/europe/ap-eu-poland-fake-country.html |title=Polish FM Sparks Jokes With Mention of Nonexistent Country |author=Associated Press |work=The New York Times |date=11 January 2017 |accessdate=12 January 2017}}
23. ^{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hEfzktmiSs|title=Victor Ponta a recunoscut in fata intregului popor roman ca PSD a furat!|date=7 December 2009|via=YouTube}}
24. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/ge45.shtml |title=5 July 1945 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=7 October 2015}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1138908.stm |title=UK | Curse of the open mic |publisher=BBC News |date=2001-01-29 |accessdate=2012-05-29}}
26. ^{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Utuk2p4WoXk|title=Duke of Edinburgh: Five Decades of Prince Philip's Gaffes|date=10 October 2013|via=YouTube}}
27. ^{{cite news|author=M.J. Stephey |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2077515_2077516_2077513,00.html |title=Gerald Ford, 1976 – TIME's Top 10 Gaffes and Mistakes in Political Debates |work=TIME Magazine |date=2011-06-13 |accessdate=2012-05-29}}
28. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/carter.htm|title=Jimmy Carter's 'Lust in the Heart' Playboy Interview |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 1, 2012|date=July 21, 1998}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Dan Quayle's 'Potatoe' Incident – 1992|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/quayle3.htm |year=1998}}
30. ^{{cite web|last1=Liberman|first1=Mark|authorlink1=Mark Liberman|title=Biden's Comma|url=http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/004131.html|website=Language Log|accessdate=13 November 2014|date=1 February 2007}}
31. ^{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Christine|last2=Stephey|first2=M.J.|title=Top 10 Campaign Gaffes|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1686204_1690170_1690790,00.html|accessdate=13 November 2014|work=Time Magazine|date=9 December 2007}}
32. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.salon.com/2015/03/29/joe_bidens_israel_stunner_american_jews_should_let_israel_protect_them/ |date=March 29, 2015 |title=Joe Biden’s Israel stunner: American Jews should let Israel protect them |first1=Corey |last1=Robin |journal=Salon |accessdate=March 29, 2015}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2015/9/30/9423339/kevin-mccarthy-benghazi |title=A top House Republican was accidentally honest about the Benghazi investigation |first1=Andrew |last1=Prokop |date=September 30, 2015 |publisher=vox.com |accessdate=October 1, 2015}}
34. ^{{cite news |title=Head of House Benghazi panel says McCarthy 'screwed up' |url=https://news.yahoo.com/head-house-benghazi-panel-says-mccarthy-screwed-132304401.html |publisher= Reuters |date=October 7, 2015 |accessdate=October 7, 2015}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alternet.org/election-2016/hillary-clintons-big-debate-gaffe-bizarrely-linking-her-wall-street-donors-911|title=Hillary Clinton's Big Debate Gaffe: Bizarrely Linking Her Wall Street Donors to 9/11 Reconstruction|work=Alternet}}
36. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/11/16/will-hillarys-clumsy-911-remark-come-back-to-haunt-her.html |title=Will Hillary's 'clumsy' 9/11 remark come back to haunt her? |first1=Ben |last1=White |date=November 19, 2015 |publisher=CNBC |accessdate=April 23, 2016}}.com
37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/11/15/hillary-clinton-invoked-911-to-defend-her-ties-to-wall-street-what/|title=Hillary Clinton invoked 9/11 to defend her ties to Wall Street. What?|author=Janell Ross|date=15 November 2015 |newspaper=Washington Post}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/11/hillary-clinton-wall-street-september-11|title=Hillary Clinton Still Can’t Shake Her Wall Street–9/11 Debate Comment|author=Emily Jane Fox|work=Vanity Fair}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2015/11/14/hillary-clinton-9-11-wall-street/#cp.EGTXuROqf|title=Hillary Clinton's 9/11 moment was her biggest debate misstep|author=Andrew Freedman|date=15 November 2015|work=Mashable}}
40. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/notes/2016/09/gaffe-track-hillary-clintons-basket-of-deplorables/499565/|title=Gaffe Track: Hillary Clinton's 'Basket of Deplorables'|last=Graham|first=David A.|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-02-07|language=en-US}}
41. ^{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/4486437/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-basket-of-deplorables/|title=Clinton Says Half Trump Supporters Are in 'Basket of Deplorables'|website=Time|language=en|access-date=2018-02-07}}
42. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/kasich-makes-mistake-accidentally-telling-the-truth |title=Kasich makes a mistake by accidentally telling the truth |first1=Steve |last1=Benen |work=Rachel Maddow Show |publisher=MSNBC |date=April 22, 2016 |accessdate=April 22, 2016}}
43. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/maine-governor-just-said-worst-151600482.html |title=Health: Maine’s Governor Just Said the Worst Possible Thing While Vetoing an Anti-Overdose Bill |first1=Zeeshan |last1=Aleem |work=The Huffington Post |date=April 23, 2016 |accessdate=April 23, 2016}}
44. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.refinery29.com/2016/04/108933/paul-lepage-veto-narcan-otc-heroin-overdose-drug |first1=Lilli |last1=Petersen |title=Maine Governor Blocks Addicts From Buying Lifesaving Drugs |date=April 21, 2016 |newspaper=New York Times |quote=In his veto letter, LePage, who is a Republican, said that naloxone “does not truly save lives; it merely extends them until the next overdose. ... Creating a situation where an addict has a heroin needle in one hand and a shot of naloxone in the other produces a sense of normalcy and security around heroin use that serves only to perpetuate the cycle of addiction,” LePage wrote.|accessdate=April 23, 2016}}
45. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/09/trump-biggest-fatal-gaffes-mistakes-offensive-214289|title=The 37 Fatal Gaffes That Didn’t Kill Donald Trump|work=POLITICO Magazine|access-date=2018-04-30}}

References

{{reflist|30em}}

Further reading

  • {{cite news |url=http://www.nymag.com/daily/intel/2012/06/taxonomy-of-gaffes.html |date=June 14, 2012 |title=A Taxonomy of Gaffes |publisher=New York Magazine |first1=Dan |last1=Amira |location=New York, NY USA|accessdate=June 22, 2012}}
  • {{cite news |url=http://www.nymag.com/daily/intel/2012/06/origins-of-the-gaffe-politics-idiot-maker.html |date=June 14, 2012 |title=The Origins of the Gaffe, Politics’ Idiot-Maker |publisher=New York Magazine |first1=Jonathan |last1=Chait |accessdate=June 22, 2012}}

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