| 词条 | Pol Le Gourrierec |
| 释义 |
Pol Le Gourrierec (or Le Gourriérec) was a French diplomat. He is most prominently known for an incident during his service as French Ambassador to Pakistan. Early lifeBorn in Cléguérec on January 15, 1921,[1] he was fluent in Breton as well as French.[1][3] In January 1945, he was one of the founders, along with poet and editor Ronan Huon, of the Breton language cultural magazine, Tír na nÓg [5] which merged in 1948 with Al Liamm.[3] Diplomatic serviceHe had an early interest in North Africa.[7] In 1948, he joined the diplomatic service.[3] He served as an embassy secretary in Morocco in the late 1950s.[9] He was Chargés d'Affaires in Iraq from February to September 1963.[10]{{rp|67}}[11]{{rp|77}} He was First Counselor of the Embassy in Warsaw in 1964.[12] In the late 1960s, he was Director of North African Affairs,{{rp|1076}} and visited Tunisia in 1969.[14] He served as French Ambassador to Bulgaria from 1971 to 1975,[10]{{rp|46}} to Pakistan from 1976 to 1979,[10]{{rp|87}} and to the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic from 1979 to 1982.[10]{{rp|102}} PakistanBackgroundThe French had initially resisted US pressure to cancel a contract to build a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, but the deal gradually unravelled sometime in mid to late 1978, certainly by February 1979, as the French became concerned about Pakistan's intentions regarding nuclear weapons.[18]{{rp|472}}[19][20] IncidentOn 26 June 1979, Le Gourrierec and his First Secretary, Jean Forlot, were stopped at a checkpoint. They were driving alone through the town of Kahuta some 25 miles southwest of Islamabad, in a vehicle with a local rather than a diplomatic number plate and without displaying a diplomatic flag. According to Denoël, they were driving to Islamabad, and intended to visit a long-unused military fortress, but accidentally took a wrong turn and passed near a secret nuclear bomb complex.{{rp|191}} However, according to several sources, their presence was intentional.[18] There was a physical altercation with five or six men.[18]{{rp|66}}[24][25] Le Gourrierec was severely beaten,[20][24] and sustained a broken tooth, while Forlot had a split skull.[28] The men who assaulted them were not bandits or thugs, as initially suggested by the Pakistani authorities, but were plain-clothed members of the security forces, acting under orders.[24][25] According to Khan, Forlot was passing on information to the CIA and may have been actively spying on its behalf.[24][25] Khan suggests that foreigners "got the message" and subsequently avoided the area,[24] but the Yugoslav ambassador later drove slowly along the perimeter wall in a show of solidarity, albeit with a diplomatic flag.[18] FamilyHis son, Alain Le Gourriérec,[3] was French Ambassador to Paraguay from 1993 to 1994,[10]{{rp|88}} to Chile from 2001 to 2005,[10]{{rp|49}} and to Mexico from 2005 to 2008.[3][10]{{rp|81}} References1. ^1 India warned would 'smash' Pakistan nukes: US files. The Economic Times. PTI Dec 23, 2010. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]2. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=S-MhAQAAIAAJ L'Express Paris, Presse-Union. 1979 page 66] 3. ^1 French Foreign Policy. Ambassade de France, Service de presse et d'information. January to June 1969, page 88. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pG7wAAAAMAAJ] 4. ^1 Le Gourrierec P. Deux aspects de la renaissance arabe en Tunisie. École nationale d'administration (ENA). 1947 [https://books.google.com/books?id=iXedYgEACAAJ] 5. ^1 Gwernig Y, Huon R, de Bellaing V. Nouvelles bilingues. an Here, 2002 [https://books.google.com/books?id=hI5iAAAAMAAJ] 6. ^1 Journal officiel de la République française, Volume 96 France. 1964. page 5541. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9BUkAQAAMAAJ] 7. ^1 2 3 Kemp RS. The Nonproliferation Emperor Has No Clothes. MIT Press 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 Khan AQ. Unsung heroes. The News International. August 04, 2014 9. ^1 2 Le Nail B. Des Bretons au Mexique. Portes du larges. 2009. {{ISBN|9782914612272}} page 202. 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 [https://abp.bzh/12908 Le Nail B] 11. ^1 2 3 4 Levy A, Scott-Clarck C: Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons. Walker Books, 2007, {{ISBN|9780802715548}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Liste chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés d'Affaires de France à l'Étranger depuis 1945. (PDF, in French). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (France). Retrieved 2 Aug 2015. 13. ^1 Long M. Souvenirs des premières années de l'Indépendance du Maroc 1956 -1961. Conseiller aux affaires juridiques de l'ambassade de France à Rabat. La Revue administrative. Published by: Presses Universitaires de France. 53e Année, No. 314 (MARS AVRIL 2000), pp. 118-125 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40773143] 14. ^1 2 National Security Archive's Nuclear Documentation Project. The United States and Pakistan's Quest for the Bomb: Newly Declassified Documents Disclose Carter Administration's Unsuccessful Efforts to Roll Back Islamabad's Secret Nuclear Program The George Washington University. 2010. 15. ^1 Styan D. France and Iraq: Oil, Arms and French Policy-Making in the Middle East. Library of International Relations published by I. B. Tauris, 2006. {{ISBN|9781845110451}} }} External links
7 : 1921 births|Nuclear weapons programme of Pakistan|Ambassadors of France to Pakistan|Ambassadors of France to Czechoslovakia|20th-century French diplomats|Diplomatic incidents|Living people |
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