| 词条 | Polygala nana |
| 释义 |
|image = Polygalanana.jpg |genus = Polygala |species = nana |authority = (Michx.) DC. 1824 |synonyms_ref = [1] |synonyms = Polygala lutea var. nana Michx. 1803 Pylostachya nana (Michx.) Raf. Psilotaxis nana (Michx.) Raf. }} Polygala nana, commonly known as candyroot or low bachelors' buttons, is a very small herbaceous plant which is native to the southeastern United States. The root has a sweet liquorice flavor when it is chewed, but it is usually hidden underground until the plant flowers. The seeds of candyroot are dispersed by ants. TaxonomyFrench botanist André Michaux described candyroot as a variety of Polygala lutea in 1803.[2] Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle reclassified it as a species in 1824.[3] The species name is the Latin word nanus "dwarf". DescriptionCandyroot grows as a clumping herbaceous plant {{convert|10-15|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall,[4] more commonly {{convert|5-10|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. Growing from the base of the plant are the spathulate (spoon-shaped) leaves, which are {{convert|1.5-5|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|0.4-2|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} cm wide. The yellow flowerheads are composed of tiny flowers arranged in racemes, and are {{convert|2-4|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} high by {{convert|1.5|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} wide.[5] They appear from April to June,[4] from March to October in Alabama,[6] and year-round in the Everglades. The seeds are smaller than 1 mm in size. The edible root tastes of licorice.[7] Polygala nana resembles Polygala lutea, which is a taller plant.[5] It also resembles the rare species P. smallii of Miami-Dade County, which has seeds longer than 1 mm.[7]Distribution and habitatPolygala nana is found across the southeastern United States from far eastern Texas through Louisiana and Arkansas to Florida and north as far as the Carolinas.[8] Arkansas, where it is found in Ashley, Bradley and Calhoun Counties, marks the northwestern limits of its range.[9][10] It grows in moist soil in meadows or coniferous woodlands.[4]References1. ^Tropicos, Polygala nana (Michx.) DC. {{Taxonbar|from=Q17465295}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Michaux|first=Andreas |title=Flora boreali-americana :sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America septentrionali collegit et detexit Andreas Michaux|publisher=Levrault brothers|location=Paris, France|date=1803|volume=2|pages=54|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/410718}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=De Candolle|first=Augustin Pyramus|title=Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis|publisher=Treuttel et Würtz|location=Paris, France|date=1824|volume=1|pages=328|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/154284}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PONA2|title=Polygala nana|author=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center|date=2015|work=NPIN: Native Plant Database|publisher=University of Texas at Austin|accessdate=18 July 2015|location=Austin, TX}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Godfrey, Robert K. |author2=Wooten, Jean W. |title=Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States: Dicotyledons|publisher=University of Georgia Press|date=2011|page=275|isbn=9780820342436|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Gz0iVFmZR7YC&pg=PA275}} 6. ^{{cite book|author1=Blanche E. Dean |author2=Amy Mason |author3=Joab L. Thomas |title=Wildflowers of Alabama and Adjoining States|publisher=University of Alabama Press|year=1983|page=94|isbn=9780817301477|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=E1fzaN_YJEoC&pg=PA94}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last=Hammer|first=Roger L.|title=Everglades Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Historic Everglades, including Big Cypress, Corkscrew, and Fakahatchee Swamps|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2015|page=143|isbn=9781493014590|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=-S0aBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=Pona2|title=Polygala nana (Michx.) DC. Show All candyroot|last=Natural Resources Conservation Service|date=2015|work=Plants Database|publisher=USDA|accessdate=18 July 2015}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Carl G. |title=Wildflowers of Arkansas|publisher=University of Arkansas Press|date=2000|page=126|isbn=9780912456164|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=TDYDNIAlbPwC&pg=PA126}} 10. ^Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map 5 : Polygala|Flora of the Southeastern United States|Plants described in 1803|Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|Taxa named by André Michaux |
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