| 词条 | Suina |
| 释义 |
| name = Suina | fossil_range = Late Eocene to Holocene, {{fossilrange|33.9|0}} | image = Lightmatter unidentified pig-like animal.jpg | image_caption = Potamochoerus porcus | taxon = Suina | authority = Gray, 1868 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = Suidae Tayassuidae }} The suborder Suina (also known as Suiformes) is a lineage of omnivorous non-ruminant artiodactyl mammals that includes the pigs and peccaries of the families Suidae and Tayassuidae and their fossil kin. Hippopotamidae had historically been classified among the Suina for morphological reasons, but is now more often classified as the sister group of the whales, or Cetacea. ClassificationThe suborder Suina includes Suidae (pig family) and Tayassuidae (peccary family). The Merycoidodonts, or "oreodonts", a branch of the tylopoda, were often considered suines due to the popular, though inaccurate, description of them as "ruminating hogs". Oreodonts were not suines, they were more closely related to camels. Similarly, the entelodonts had long been classified as members of Suina. Spaulding et al. have found them to be closer to whales, than to pigs in her Cetacodontamorpha.[1] Some morphological studies have suggested that the hippopotamus family Hippopotamidae was part of the Suina, but a growing body of morphological and genetic evidence has suggested that they share a common ancestor not with the Suina, but with Cetaceans—the clade that includes whales and dolphins. Whales and hippopotamids form a clade called Whippomorpha.[2] {{Cetartiodactyla Cladogram}}The most recent research into the origins of hippopotamidae suggests that hippos and whales shared a common semi-aquatic ancestor that branched off from other Artiodactyls around {{mya|60|million years ago}}.[3] Descendants of this hypothesized ancestor likely split into two branches around {{mya|54|million years ago}}.[4] One branch would evolve into cetaceans, possibly beginning with the proto-whale Pakicetus from {{mya|52|million years ago}} and other early whale ancestors, known as Archaeoceti, which eventually underwent aquatic adaptation into the almost completely aquatic cetaceans.[2] AnatomyThe anatomy of the Suina differs from other even-toed ungulates. For example, they have maxillary (upper) incisor teeth. In contrast, other even-toed ungulates, such as goats and deer, have incisors only on the lower jaw, with a horny dental pad where the upper incisors would be. Most even-toed ungulates have a four-chambered stomach. In contrast, the Suina have a simple stomach that allows an omnivorous diet. While most artiodactyls have long slender legs, the Suina generally have short, stubby legs. See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|pmc=2740860|title=Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) Among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution|year=2009|volume=4|issue=9|pmid=19774069|last1=Spaulding|first1=M|last2=O'Leary|first2=MA|last3=Gatesy|first3=J|pages=e7062|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007062|journal=PLoS ONE|editor1-last=Farke|editor1-first=Andrew Allen}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Boisserie |first=Jean-Renaud |author2=Fabrice Lihoreau |author3=Michel Brunet |date=February 2005|title= The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla|journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume= 102 |issue= 5|pages= 1537–1541|doi= 10.1073/pnas.0409518102|pmid= 15677331 |pmc=547867}} 3. ^{{Cite journal | url = http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/5/537 | title = More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen | author = Gatesy, J. | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 14 | pages = 537–543 | pmid = 9159931 | issue = 5 | date=1 May 1997 | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025790}} 4. ^{{Cite journal | title = Analyses of mitochondrial genomes strongly support a hippopotamus-whale clade | volume = 265 | issue = 1412 | year = 1998 | pages = 2251–5 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society | pmid = 9881471 | author = Ursing,B.M. | pmc = 1689531 |author2=U. Arnason | doi = 10.1098/rspb.1998.0567}} External links
2 : Even-toed ungulates|Suina |
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