| 词条 | Populus ciliata |
| 释义 |
| name = Himalayan poplar | image = Safeda 3.jpg | regnum = Plantae | unranked_divisio = Angiosperms | unranked_classis = Eudicots | unranked_ordo = Rosids | ordo = Malpighiales | familia = Salicaceae | genus = Populus | species = P. ciliata | binomial = Populus ciliata | binomial_authority = Wall. ex Royle }}Populus ciliata, the Himalayan poplar, is a large deciduous tree with tall clean straight trunk and wide rounded crown.[1] The bark of the young trees is smooth greenish-grey and the bark of the old trees is dark brown with vertical cracks. Leaves are broadly ovate with serrulate-crenate and hairy margins.[1] Flowers are drooping raceme catkins appear before or with leaves.[1] Populus ciliata flowers are dioecious, individual flowers are either male or female. Perianth of male flowers is bell-shaped and female flowers are bluntly toothed. Their capsule encloses an average of 100–150 seeds, which are covered by long silky hair.[1] Common names
Ecology and distributionGeographical distributionPopulus ciliata is distributed along the Himalayas through Pakistan, India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar.[2]Populus ciliata is native to India and Pakistan. It is exotic to Afghanistan, China, France, Iran, Italy, Japan, Nepal, New Zealand, and United States of America.[1]Natural habitatPopulus ciliata prefers moist cool places and grows in sandy, loamy, and clay soil.[1] It grows well in acidic or neutral soil conditions.[1] Shade inhibits the growth of P. ciliata.[1]Reproductive biologyPopulus ciliata is a dioecious tree which is pollinated by the wind.[1] The fruits grow in about 3 months after pollination.[1] Seed dispersal takes place from about the middle of June to the middle of July depending upon the climate.[1] It can reproduce through seed and vegetative means.[3]PropagationThe seeds weigh about 15 million/kg.[1] In spring, seeds disperse as soon as they mature as they have an extremely short period of viability and needs to be spread within a few days of maturing.[3] Fresh seeds exhibit high viability giving a germination rate of up to 75–90%.[1] UsesFoodPopulus ciliata is chopped for food and stored to be fed to livestock during the times of food shortage.[1]FuelPopulus ciliata is used as fuel wood.[1]TimberPopulus ciliata wood is used for making boxes for packing purposes, also for poles, trucks and barrow-trays, coaches, furniture and cross-beams.[1]MedicineBark is used to make tonic, stimulants and blood purifier. The paste of the bark, when mixed with the ash of cow dung, can be used to treat muscular swellings.[1] OtherPopulus ciliata provides paper for writing, wrapping and printing.[1]Erosion controlThis tree can be used to control erosion as it easily establishes in shallow soils and exhibits a fast growth rate and produces numerous strong lateral roots with little taper.[1] Hence, extensive use of this tree is made in China, Japan, the USA and New Zealand to bind soil in erosion-prone areas.[1] Pests and diseasesDuring raining season, the leaves of the tree become extensively colonized by leaf defoliators such as Pyragea cupreata and P. fulgurita.[1] In India record show that this tree has been a victim of the plant parasite known as Loranthus elatus.[1] Other pathogens that cause premature defoliation in this species include Bipolaris mydis, Pseudocercospora salicia and Phorma macrostoma.[1] Incidences of ganoderma root rot have also been reported in this species.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1333. 2011 “HIMALAYAN Poplar (Populus ciliata)- AgroForestryTree Database”, 2. ^http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200005658. "HIMALAYAN Poplar (Populus ciliata)- Flora of Pakistan". 3. ^1 {{cite journal|url= http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABW250.pdf|title= Populus ciliata|journal= Trees of Pakistan |year= 1992|pages=5–142|last1=Sheikh|first1=MI}}, External links{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Poplar (tree) |display=Poplar |volume=22 |pages=89–90 |short=1}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2331107}} 2 : Populus|Trees of Nepal |
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