| 词条 | Porteadoras |
| 释义 |
Porteadoras is a name that refers to bale workers in the autonomous Spanish city enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta, located on the north coast of Africa. HistoryDue to a second duty called Biutz anything physically carried across the borders into Morocco is duty-free. This created a cottage industry of sorts for people in the district to carry good across the border for merchants.[1] Every year, more than €1.4 billion ($1.8 billion) worth of goods are carried by Porteadoras into Morocco across the borders of Melilla and Ceuta.[2] It is typically a "job of last resort", performed mostly by widows, divorcees, or wives with severely disabled husbands.[1][2][3][4] Typically aged and/or ailing women carrying bales of trade goods that weigh more than themselves.[2][3][4] The governments of Spain and Morocco could work together to eliminate the loophole or improve conditions for workers, but instead allow conditions to deteriorate making a difficult job dangerous.[3][4] In 2008, porteadora Safia Azizi fell and was promptly trampled to death.[2] In 2009 two women died at Ceuta Biutz border crossing, overwhelmed by an avalanche of 200 carriers, four policemen were also injured.[5][6] The women ask for safer working conditions, limits on the bale weight and more reliable border opening.[3][4] References1. ^1 {{cite web|last=Gianfranco|first=Tripodo|title=porteadoras|url=http://gianfrancotripodo.com/porteadoras/|accessdate=17 May 2014}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last=Laia|first=Abril|title=Melilla's porteadoras cross the border between Spain and Morocco up to five times a day, carrying loads of up to 90 kilograms.|url=http://www.colorsmagazine.com/stories/magazine/85/story/porteadoras|publisher=Colors Magazine|accessdate=17 May 2014}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Pressly|first=Linda|title=The heavy-lifting 'mule women' of Melilla|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24706863|accessdate=17 May 2014|newspaper=BBC World Service}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last=DALEY|first=SUZANNE|title=A Borderline Where Women Bear the Weight|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/31/world/europe/a-borderline-where-women-bear-the-weight.html?_r=0|publisher=NYTimes|accessdate=17 May 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=El Biutz de la vergüenza|url=http://geografiasubjetiva.com/2009/05/26/biutz-verguenza/|work=Geógrafo Subjetivo|accessdate=17 May 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Mueren arrolladas dos mujeres en la frontera de Ceuta|url=http://www.publico.es/espana/227939/mueren-arrolladas-dos-mujeres-en-la-frontera-de-ceuta|accessdate=17 May 2014}} 1 : Melilla |
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