| 词条 | Portland Woolen Mills |
| 释义 |
| name = Portland Woolen Mills | logo = | logo_caption = | image = Portland Woolen Mills, 1935.JPG | image_size = 220px | image_caption = The Portland Woolen Mills in 1935 | type = manufacturer | industry = textile | foundation = 1901 | founder = | defunct = 1960 | location_city = Sellwood, Oregon (1901–04) St. Johns, Oregon (1904–15) Portland, Oregon (1915–60) | key_people = Charles H. Carter (executive director, 1935–52) Charles H. Carter, Jr. (executive director, 1952–60) | products = blankets, clothing, upholstery | production = | owner = | num_employees = 100–500 | footnotes = | intl = | bodystyle = }} The Portland Woolen Mills were a wool textile manufacturer in the St. Johns neighborhood of Portland, Oregon. By 1950, they had become the largest wool manufacturer west of Cleveland, Ohio. The origins of the factory started in Sellwood in 1901 but after a fire destroyed the mill two years later owners decided to rebuild in St. Johns. Portland Woolen Mills offered several worker programs including baseball, basketball and bowling teams; a cafeteria and a library. Labor disputes started during the 1934 textile workers strike when Portland Woolen Mills employees walked-off the job for two days. Two years later works held a strike and were granted representation by the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) labor union. The factory filled contracts for the United States Federal Government during much of its history, primarily making blankets for the armed forces. For their work in producing blankets during World War II, the Portland Woolen Mills won a Army-Navy "E" Award. The factory closed in 1960 after almost 59 years of service. HistoryFounded in Sellwood, Oregon in 1901, the Portland Woolen Mills relocated to the town of St. Johns in 1904 after a fire destroyed their old factory.[1][2] Their old factory was a total loss, costing them US$150,000 (US${{formatnum:{{inflation|US|150000|1904}}}} adjusted for inflation).[3] The property the new factory was on consisted of four buildings over five acres of land. The main factory was a 100 ft. by 200 ft. brick and concrete two-story. Other buildings on the site included a 45 ft. by 50 ft. boiler and engine room and a 40 ft. by 100 ft. wool weaving warehouse. The total cost of the new St. Johns plant was US$600,000 (US${{formatnum:{{inflation|US|600000|1904}}}} adjusted for inflation).[4] The company reportedly turned a US$300,000 (US${{formatnum:{{inflation|US|300000|1906}}}} adjusted for inflation) profit in 1906.[5] In 1911, a female worker was critically injured when she got caught in a belt which caused her to be hit in the head by the machinery.[6] At its inception, the mill could produce 1,500 yards of wool per day.[7] By 1913, that number was nearly 60,000 yards per day.[8] During a large town-wide fire in 1905, the Portland Woolen Mills suffered US$300 worth (US${{formatnum:{{inflation|US|300|1905}}}} adjusted for inflation) of damage.[8] In 1913, the mill constructed a new 80 ft. by 200 ft. building on the site which cost US$600,000 (US${{formatnum:{{inflation|US|60000|1913}}}} adjusted for inflation).[9] Vents in the roof were added to the entire building during the renovations. Lewis I. Thompson was the architect who designed the new building. During this time, the company decided to install a cafeteria and library for their employees.[10] The renovations allowed management to add 500 new workers which doubled their overall productivity.[11] A fire broke out in the factory in March 1914 causing US$600,000 (US${{formatnum:{{inflation|US|60000|1914}}}} adjusted for inflation). In 1917, the plant reported a US$700,000 (US${{formatnum:{{inflation|US|70000|1917}}}} adjusted for inflation) profit. Several orders came in that year from automobile manufacturers who were using wool upholstery in their vehicles.[12] The rebuilding began a few days after the disaster.[13] During World War I, the Portland Woolen Mills were contracted to manufacture clothing and blankets for the United States Armed Forces.[14] They also bid on contracts for Russian soldiers on the Eastern Front.[15] When the war was dying down, production at the plant dropped after demand started to curtail.[16] After failing to meet increasing demand in 1919, the woolen mills added 150 new employees to rectify the issue.[17] During World War II, the United States Federal Government granted the Portland Woolen Mills contracts for wool blankets.[18] In 1943, the factory won a Army-Navy "E" Award for their production.[19] By 1950, the Portland Woolen Mills had become the largest wool manufacturer in the United States west of Cleveland, Ohio.[20] In 1951, the Portland Woolen Mills won a US$200,000 contract for the United States Armed Forces.[21] From its 1935 to 1952, the Portland Woolen Mills were led by executive director Charles H. Carter, who died two years after his retirement.[22] His son Charles H. Carter, Jr. succeed him in that position. In 1960, the Portland Woolen Mills announced it would cease operations. At the time of the closure, the factory employed 100 people. Carter cited increasing production costs due to foreign competition as the reason he closed the mill.[23] Employee activitiesIn 1907, the Portland Woolen Mills management donated US$300 (US${{formatnum:{{inflation|US|300|1907}}}} adjusted for inflation) to buy books for the new St. Johns library.[24] In 1921, management put on a melodrama play for their employees entitled The Fruit of His Folly by playwright Arthur Lewis Tubbs.[25] A bowling team of Portland Woolen Mills workers was organized in 1916. They played in a league which featured other St. Johns clubs and businesses.[26] The Portland Woolen Mills organized a baseball team for their workers in the 1920s. They played in a league with different companies and town teams including Standard Oil and Camas, Washington.[27] In the mid-1920s, the Portland Woolen mills organized a basketball team who played in a city-wide league.[28] Labor disputesA case brought by female Portland Woolen Mills employees to the Oregon Industrial Welfare Commission in 1919 argued that they should not have to work longer than 8-hour days for a maximum of 48 hours a week. Management countered with a 10-hour a day limit, but the commission sided with the workers by restricting the hours female employees could work per their request.[29] In 1920, management threatened to temporarily close the plant after demand diminished. However, workers negotiated for the payroll to be cut by nine percent to keep the factory open.[30] One-hundred workers for the Portland Woolen Mils walked off the job in September 1934 in solidarity with textile workers who had been striking across the United States.[31] The walk-out had little effect as workers returned to their positions in the factory after two days.[32] Two years later, workers had a three-week strike which was successful in getting them represented by a labor union.[33] A three-week-long series of protests involving 500 Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) employees of the Portland Woolen Mills, a contract was agreed upon and full productivity was returned.[34] See also
References1. ^{{cite news|title=To St. Johns; Portland Woolen Mills select a new site|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=24 April 1904|location=Portland, Oregon|page=13}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=Portland Woolen Mills|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=31 March 1901|location=Portland, Oregon|page=10}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Big mills burn; Fire destroyed Sellwood woolen factory|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=19 February 1904|location=Portland, Oregon|page=16}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=New mills started at St. Johns|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=14 July 1904|location=Portland, Oregon|page=12}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Call on courts for cash|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=20 February 1907|location=Portland, Oregon|page=16}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Woman hurt at woolen mills|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=28 April 1911|location=Portland, Oregon|page=14}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Woolen mill nearly ready|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=26 October 1904|location=Portland, Oreon|page=16}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Heavy loss in St. Johns fire|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=2 September 1905|location=Portland, Oregon|page=8}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Pant is enlarged to be double capacity|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=16 February 1913|location=Portland, Oregon|page=10}} 10. ^1 {{cite news|title=Woolen plant big; Addition to mill at St. Johns completed|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=13 April 1913|location=Portland, Oregon|page=9}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=More cars asked; St. Johns club complains of unfair treatment|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=31 January 1913|location=Portland, Oregon|page=8}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Goods made here are used in autos|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=9 March 1913|location=Portland, Oregon|page=5}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Mill plans are drawn|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=15 March 1914|location=Portland, Oregon|page=11}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=State mills seek orders|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=30 October 1918|location=Portland, Oregon|page=16}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Army supply bids asked|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=16 October 1914|location=Portland, Oregon|page=13}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=Lack of orders may close plants|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=21 October 1918|location=Portland, Oregon|page=14}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=Labor wanted by city woolen mills|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=9 May 1919|location=Portland, Oregon|page=19}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=Woolen mills cut ordered|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=7 January 1942|location=Portland, Oregon|page=6}} 19. ^{{cite news|title=E pennant given to Portland mills|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=16 July 1943|location=Portland, Oregon|page=21}} 20. ^{{cite news|title=Textile mills gain standing|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=17 April 1950|location=Portland, Oregon|page=35}} 21. ^{{cite news|last=Barton|first=Frank|title=Portland firm wins contract|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=30 October 1951|location=Portland, Oregon|page=25}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=Woolen mills leader dies|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=21 December 1954|location=Portland, Oregon|page=15}} 23. ^{{cite news|last=Pratt|first=Gary|title=Woolen mill closure due|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=16 October 1960|location=Portland, Oregon|page=1}} 24. ^{{cite news|title=Library for St. Johns|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=11 February 1907|location=Portland, Oregon|page=7}} 25. ^{{cite news|title=Club is to give its play|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=27 May 1921|location=Portland, Oregon|page=9}} 26. ^{{cite news|title=St. Johns bowlers to unite|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=10 February 1916|location=Portland, Oregon|page=14}} 27. ^{{cite news|title=Double-header is today|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=18 June 1922|location=Portland, Oregon|page=3}} 28. ^{{cite news|title=Three quintets in race|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=28 November 1926|location=Portland, Oregon|page=20}} 29. ^{{cite news|title=48-hour week is urged for women|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=27 June 1919|location=Portland, Oregon|page=1}} 30. ^{{cite news|title=Woolen mills curtail|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=30 November 1920|location=Portland, Oregon|page=4}} 31. ^{{cite news|title=Textile walkout spreads in city|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=12 September 1934|location=Portland, Oregon|page=4}} 32. ^{{cite news|title=Opinions differ at Swift plant|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=16 September 1934|location=Portland, Oregon|page=20}} 33. ^{{cite news|title=Woolen factory to reopen today|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=14 October 1936|location=Portland, Oregon|page=1}} 34. ^{{cite news|title=Wollen crew back on job|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=17 April 1951|location=Portland, Oregon|page=1}} Bibliography
External links
12 : Clothing manufacturers|Textile mills in the United States|Companies based in Portland, Oregon|Defunct companies based in Oregon|Manufacturing companies established in 1901|Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1960|1901 establishments in Oregon|1960 disestablishments in Oregon|Buildings and structures in St. Johns, Portland, Oregon|Companies based in St. Johns, Portland, Oregon|Privately held companies based in Oregon|Woollen mills |
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