1. List of Premiers

2. See also

3. Sources
     Notes    References    Bibliography  

The Premier of the Soviet Union ({{lang-ru|Глава Правительства СССР}}) was the head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Twelve individuals became Premier during the time span of the office. Two of the twelve Premiers died in office of natural causes (Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin), three resigned (Alexei Kosygin, Nikolai Tikhonov and Ivan Silayev) and three had the offices of party secretary and Premier simultaneously (Lenin, Stalin and Nikita Khrushchev). The first Premier was Lenin, who was inaugurated during 1922 after the Treaty on the Creation of the Soviet Union. Ivan Silayev spent the briefest time in office at 126 days during 1991. At more than fourteen years, Kosygin spent the longest time in office and became the only premier to serve in more than two government cabinets. He died soon after his resignation during 1980.

The Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom) was established on 8 November 1917 by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) Government. Article 38 of the 1924 Soviet Constitution stated that the Council's powers, functions and duties were given to it by the Central Executive Committee (CEC) which supervised the Council's work and legislative acts. The Council of People's Commissars published decrees and decisions that were binding throughout the USSR.^[1] During 1946, the Council of People's Commissars was transformed into the Council of Ministers (Sovmin) at both all-Union and Union Republic levels.^[2]

After the ousting of Khrushchev in 1964, a plenum of the Party's Central Committee (CC) forbade any single person to hold the two most powerful jobs in the country (the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Premier){{sfn|Service|2009|p=378}} and Kosygin was placed in charge of economic administration in his role as Premier of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. However, Kosygin's prestige was weakened when he proposed the economic reform of 1965.{{sfn|Brown|2009|p=403}} Under the 1977 Soviet Constitution, the Premier of the Council of Ministers was the head of government of the USSR. The Premier was the chief of the executive branch and head of the Soviet government as a whole, the premiership was the most powerful governmental office in the USSR by influence and recognition until the establishment of the presidency during 1990. The Premier was responsible and accountable to the Supreme Soviet and during the period between sessions of the Supreme Soviet he was also accountable to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.^[3] The Premier was tasked with resolving all state administrative duties within the jurisdiction of the USSR to the degree which were not the responsibility of the Supreme Soviet or the Presidium. The Premier managed the national economy, formulated the five-year plans and ensured socio-cultural development.^[4]

When Nikolai Ryzhkov was replaced as premier by Valentin Pavlov, the Council of Ministers was renamed the Cabinet of Ministers. The premier's title was changed to Prime Minister of the Soviet Union, though most non-Soviet sources had referred to the job as "Premier" or "Prime Minister" for some time before then. After the failed August coup of 1991 and the revelation that the majority of the cabinet members endorsed the coup, the Cabinet of Ministers was dissolved and replaced by the Committee on the Operational Management of the Soviet economy during 1991. The Operational Management Committee was renamed the Inter-Republican Economic Committee of the USSR{{sfn|Ferdinand|1993|pp=163–164}} and it was replaced later by the Interstate Economic Committee (IEC). The IEC was also known officially as the Economic Community.{{sfn|Ferdinand|1993|p=133}}

List of Premiers

See also

• Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
• First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
• List of heads of state of the Soviet Union
• List of leaders of the Soviet Union

Sources

Notes

References

Bibliography

• {{cite book | author = Brown, Archie | title = The Rise & Fall of Communism | ref = CITEREFBrown2009| publisher = Bodley Head | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0061138799 }}
• {{cite book |author1=Bonnell, Victoria |author2=Cooper, Ann | title = Russia at the Barricades: Eyewitness Accounts of the August 1991 coup | location = | publisher = M.E. Sharpe | year = 1994 | ref = CITEREFBonnellCooper1994 | isbn = 978-1563242717 }}
• {{cite book | author = Coppa, Frank | title = Encyclopedia of Modern Dictators: From Napoleon to the Present | ref = CITEREFCoppa2006 | publisher = Peter Lang | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0820450100 }}
• {{cite book |author1=Cull, Nicholas |author2=Culbert, David |author3=Welch, David | title = Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present | location = | publisher = ABC-CLIO | year = 2003 | ref = CITEREFCullCulbertWelch2003 | isbn = 978-1576078204 }}
• {{cite book |author1=Duiker, William |author2=Spielvogel, Jackson | ref = CITEREFDuikerSpielvogel2006 | title = The Essential World History | location = | publisher = Cengage Learning | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0495902270 }}
• {{cite book | author = Dyker, David | ref = CITEREFDyker1992 | title = Restructuring the Soviet economy | location = | publisher = Routledge | year = 1992 | edition = 1st | isbn = 978-0415067614 }}
• {{cite book | ref = CITEREFFainsodHough1979 | title = How the Soviet Union is Governed | location = | publisher = Harvard University Press | year = 1979 | isbn = 978-0674410305 |author1 = Fainsod|first1 = Merle|last2 = Hough| first2 = Jerry F. | authorlink1 = Merle Fainsod | authorlink2 = Jerry F. Hough }}
• {{cite book | author = Ferdinand, Maria Feldbrugge Joseph | title = Russian Law: The End of the Soviet System and the Role of Law | publisher = Springer Publishing | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0792323587 | ref = CITEREFFerdinand1993 | edition = 1st }}
• {{cite book | author = Garcelon, Marc | title = Revolutionary Passage: From Soviet to Post-Soviet Russia, 1985–2000 | location = | publisher = Temple University Press | year = 2005 | ref = CITEREFGarcelon2005 | isbn = 978-1592133628 }}
• {{cite book | author = Harris, Jonathan | title = Subverting the System: Gorbachev's Reform of the Party's Apparat, 1986–1991 | location = | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | year = 2005 | ref = CITEREFHarris2005 | isbn = 978-0742526792 }}
• {{cite book |author1=Kotz, David Michael |author2=Weir, Fred | ref = CITEREFKotzWeir2007 | title = Russia's Path from Gorbachev to Putin: The Demise of the Soviet System and the New Russia | location = | publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 2007 | edition = 2nd | isbn = 978-0415701471}}
• {{cite book | author = Phillips, Steven | title = Lenin and the Russian Revolution | location = | publisher = Heinemann | ref = CITEREFPhillips2000 | isbn = 978-0-435-32719-4}}
• {{cite book | author = Ploss, Sidney | ref = CITEREFPloss2010 | title = The Roots of Perestroika: The Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context | location = | publisher = McFarland & Company | year = 2010 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6BzucnMoWfQC&dq | isbn = 978-0786444861 }}
• {{cite book | author = Rappaport, Helen | title = Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion | publisher = ABC-CLIO | year = 1999 | ref = CITEREFRappaport1999 | isbn = 978-1576070840 }}
• {{cite book | author = Sebag-Montefiore, Simon | title = Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar | location = | publisher = Vintage Books | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-1400042302 | ref = CITEREFSebag-Montefiore2005 | authorlink = Simon Sebag-Montefiore}}
• {{cite book | author = Service, Robert | title = Lenin: A Biography | publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0674008281 | ref = CITEREFService2000 }}
• {{cite book | author = Service, Robert | title = History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century | publisher = Penguin Books Ltd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0674034938 | ref = CITEREFService2009 }}
• {{cite book | author = Service, Robert | title = Stalin: A Biography | publisher = Harvard University Press| year = 2005 | ref = CITEREFService2005 | isbn = 978-0674016972 | authorlink = Robert Service (historian) }}
• {{cite book | author = Totten, Samuel; |author2=Bartrop, Paul | ref = CITEREFTottenBartrop2008 | title = Dictionary of Genocide: A–L | location = | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | year = 2008 | volume = 1 | isbn = 978-0313346422 }}
• {{cite book | author = Trahair, Richard; |author2=Miller, Robert | ref = CITEREFTrahairMiller2004 | title = Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations | location = | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1929631759 }}
• {{cite book | author = Young, Gregory |author2=Braden, Nate | ref = CITEREFYoungBraden2005 | title = The Last Sentry: The True Story That Inspired the Hunt for Red October | location = | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-1591149927 }}
• {{cite book | author = Zemtsov, Ilya | title = Chernenko, the Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the eve of Perestroika | location = | publisher = Transaction Publishers | year = 1989 | ref = CITEREFZemtsov1989 | isbn = 978-0887382604 }}

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