| 词条 | President of the Swiss Confederation |
| 释义 |
|post = President of the Swiss Confederation |body = |native_name = {{collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;line-height:normal;font-size:84%; | title = Other official names |{{ublist|{{native name|de|Bundespräsident(in)}}|{{native name|fr|Président(e) de la Confédération}}|{{native name|it|Presidente della Confederazione}}|{{native name|rm|President(a) da la Confederaziun}}}}}} |insignia =File:Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg |insigniasize = |insigniacaption = |image = Ueli Maurer 2011.jpg |incumbent = Ueli Maurer |incumbentsince = 1 January 2019 |residence = Federal Palace |termlength = 1 year, not eligible for re-election immediately |inaugural = Jonas Furrer |deputy = Vice-President of the (Swiss) Confederation |formation = 21 November 1848 |website = {{url|https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/federal-presidency.html|Federal Presidency}} |salary = CHF 445,163, p.a. (Approx $448,000) {{Asof|2017|1|1|lc=y}}[1] }}{{Politics of Switzerland}} The President of the Swiss Confederation, also known as the President of the Confederation or colloquially as the President of Switzerland, is the head of Switzerland's seven-member Federal Council, the country's executive branch. Elected by the Federal Assembly for one year, the president chairs the meetings of the Federal Council and undertakes special representational duties. First among equals, the president has no powers over and above the other six councillors and continues to head their department. Traditionally the duty rotates among the members in order of seniority and the previous year's vice-president becomes president. The president is not the Swiss head of state; the entire Federal Council is the collective head of state. The constitutional provisions relating to the organization of the Federal Government and Federal administration are set out in Section 1 Organisation and Procedure of Chapter 3 Federal Council and Federal Administration of the Title 3 Confederation, Cantons and Communes of the Swiss Federal Constitution[2] at articles 174 to 179. Article 176 specifically relates to the Presidency. CompetenciesThe Swiss president is not – as are, for example, the Presidents in Austria or Germany – the head of state of the country: under the Swiss Federal Constitution, the Federal Council doubles as a collective head of state and head of government.[3] When a tied vote occurs in the council (which sometimes happens, because the six Federal Councillors who are not president vote first), the president – as the chair of the council – casts the deciding vote (or may abstain).[3] In addition to the control of his or her own department, the president carries out some of the representative duties that are normally carried out by a single head of state in other democracies. For example, since joining the United Nations, Swiss presidents have on occasion spoken at inaugural sessions of the General Assembly along with other visiting heads of state and government.[4][5] However, because the Swiss have no single head of state, the country carries out no state visits. When traveling abroad, the president does so only in their capacity as head of their department. Visiting heads of state are received by the seven members of the Federal Council together, rather than by the President of the Confederation. Treaties are signed on behalf of the full Council, with all Federal Council members signing letters of credence and other documents of the kind. ElectionThe president is elected by the Federal Assembly from the Federal Council for a term of one year.[2][6][7] In the nineteenth century, the election as federal president was an award for especially esteemed Federal Council members. However, a few influential members of the government were regularly passed over. One such example was Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, who – although a member of the Federal Council for 27 years – was federal president only once, in 1853. Since the twentieth century, the election has usually not been disputed. There is an unwritten rule that the member of the Federal Council who has not been federal president the longest becomes President. Therefore, every Federal Council member gets a turn at least once every seven years. The only question in the elections that provides some tension is the question of how many votes the person who is to be elected president receives. This is seen as a popularity test. In the 1970s and 1980s, 200 votes (of 246 possible) was seen as an excellent result, but in the current era of growing party-political conflicts, 180 votes are a respectable outcome.{{cn|date=March 2018}} Until 1920, it was customary for the serving federal president to also lead the Department of Foreign Affairs. Therefore, every year there was a moving around of posts, as the retiring president returned to his former department and the new president took up the Foreign Affairs portfolio. Likewise, it was traditional for the federal president not to leave Switzerland during their year in office.{{cn|date=March 2018}} See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/federal-council/tasks/from-election-to-departure.html|title=How much does a federal councillor earn? |publisher=The Federal Council |location=Berne, Switzerland |date=24 April 2017 |type=official site |accessdate=2018-05-17}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html |title=SR 101 Federal constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999 (Status as of 12 February 2017), unauthorized English version |date=12 February 2017 |publisher=The Federal Council |location=Berne, Switzerland |language=de, fr, it, en |type=official site |accessdate=2018-03-23}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bk.admin.ch/bk/en/home/dokumentation/abc-der-politischen-rechte/bundespraesident--bundespraesidentin.html |title=President of the Swiss Confederation; President of the Confederation |publisher=Federal Chancellery |location=Berne, Switzerland |date=24 August 2016 |type=official site |accessdate=2018-03-23}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Hug |first1=Simon |last2=Wegmann |first2=Simone |title=Ten Years in the United Nations: Where Does Switzerland Stand? |journal=Swiss Political Science Review |date=1 June 2013 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=212–232 |publisher=Swiss Political Science Association |location=Geneva, Switzerland |doi=10.1111/spsr.12034 |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12034 |issn=1662-6370 |via=Wiley Online Library}} 5. ^{{cite press release |author= |title=UN News - Swiss President, at General Assembly, Highlights Crucial Role of UN in Solving Crises |url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=54974 |publisher=UN News, United Nations |location=New York City |date=20 September 2016}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Emerson |first1=Peter |title=Defining Democracy: Voting Procedures in Decision-Making, Elections and Governance |date=2012 |url=https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642209031 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Berlin, Germany |isbn=978-3-642-20904-8 |pages=125-126 |edition=2nd}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Stojanović |first1=Nenad |title=Party, Regional and Linguistic Proportionality Under Majoritarian Rules: Swiss Federal Council Elections |journal=Swiss Political Science Review |date=1 March 2016 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=41–58 |publisher=Swiss Political Science Association |location=Geneva, Switzerland |doi=10.1111/spsr.12208 |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12208 |issn=1662-6370 |via=Wiley Online Library}} External links
3 : Government of Switzerland|Vice presidents|1848 establishments in Switzerland |
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