| 词条 | Pronkstilleven |
| 释义 |
Pronkstilleven (Dutch for 'ostentatious', 'ornate' or 'sumptuous' still life) is a style of ornate still life painting, which was developed in the 1640s in Antwerp from where it spread quickly to the Dutch Republic. DevelopmentFlemish artists such as Frans Snyders and Adriaen van Utrecht started to paint still lifes that emphasized abundance by depicting a diversity of objects, fruits, flowers and dead game, often together with living people and animals. The style was soon adopted by artists from the Dutch Republic.[1] A leading Dutch representative was Jan Davidsz. de Heem, who spent a long period of his active career in Antwerp and was one of the founders of the style in Holland.[2] [3] Other leading representatives in Flanders and the Dutch Republic were Nicolaes van Verendael, Alexander Coosemans, Carstian Luyckx, Jasper Geeraards, Peter Willebeeck, Abraham van Beyeren and Willem Kalf.[1]Cornelis Norbertus Gijsbrechts developed the style further by incorporating pronkstillevens in the trompe-l'œil compositions for which he was known. An example is his Silverware in an Open Cabinet at the Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent.[4]MeaningPronkstillevens are usually interpreted as a form of vanitas painting that conveys a moral lesson. The various objects in the compositions serve as symbols that can be read as an admonition or a life lesson. The objects usually refer to the transience and emptiness of wealth and possessions and the ultimate extinction and emptiness of earthly life. For instance, roses are often used as a vanitas motif, as they recall that all life and earthly beauty are fleeting. Hourglasses are an admonition that life is fleeting and will end. Empty containers such as glasses or vases point to the emptiness of earthly wealth and aspirations. The paintings remind the viewer of the need to practice moderation and temperance.[5] References1. ^1 Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms: Pronkstilleven 2. ^[https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/36842 Jan Davidsz. de Heem] at the Netherlands Institute for Art History {{link language|nl|Middle Dutch}} 3. ^Ben van Beneden, Massijs, Rubens, Van Dyck en de anderen.{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Schilderkunst in Antwerpen, 1500-1650 {{link language|nl|Middle Dutch}} 4. ^Cornelis Norbertus Gijsbrechts, Pronkstilleven in an open cabinet at barokinvlaanderen {{link language|nl|Middle Dutch}} 5. ^L.J., Bol, Abraham van Beyeren - Pronk-stilleven at okv {{link language|nl|Middle Dutch}} 6 : Flemish art|Dutch painting|Baroque painting|Art genres|Still life painters|Art of the Dutch Golden Age |
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