| 词条 | Prostitution in Hawaii |
| 释义 |
Legal situationUnder Hawaii Revised Statutes section 712-1200, both the buying and selling of sex are illegal, and also related activities such as soliciting, promoting prostitution and allowing premises to be used for prostitution, are prohibited. The penalty is a fine of up to $500 and/or up to 30 days imprisonment.[2][3] It was legal for Law Enforcement Officers to have sex with prostitutes if they were 'collecting evidence' of prostitution. A new law in 2014 outlawed this practice.[4][5] In May 2015, a dozen Honolulu sex-workers were arrested during raids on massage parlours. Rather than being charged with prostitution they were charged with sexual assault, which carries far heavier penalties. When they were offering sex they touched the undercover officers genitals. Bill Johnson of the National Association of Police Organisations said the change of Honolulu Police's tactics could be a way of adapting to prostitutes becoming aware of how undercover officers make arrests. A Bill was put before Hawaii's state government in January 2017, with the intent of decriminalising prostitution. On the second reading it was referred to the "House Committee on Judiciary" for further investigation and the case was adjourned sine die.[6][7] HistoryPrior to European contact, there was no prostitution on the islands. Polygamy was common and there was no need for prostitutes. Once European sailors started to come to the island and offered money or goods for sex to the native women, prostitution started.[8] The dock area of Iwilei grew into a red-light district.[9] A law was passed in 1835 that prohibited "illicit connections," including prostitution. This was soon followed by a "Law Respecting Lewdness".[10] In 1860, the "Act to Mitigate the Evils and diseases arising from Prostitution" was passed. It required registration and periodic medical examinations for prostitutes.[10] By the 1900s, Iwilei had become a closed stockade, its 5 entrances controlled by police. Inside there were brightly coloured houses where the prostitutes worked.[9] Many of the prostitutes were Japanese. In 1898 there were 26 Hawaiian, 5 half-caste, 8 French, 2 British, 1 American and 115 Japanese prostitutes registered.[11] Iwilei lasted until May 1917, when it was closed down due to pressure from moralists.[10] The "bawdy houses" soon set up in Chinatown. An era of unofficial regulation followed, which was endorsed by the US military. There were struggles between the police and military, neither wanting to be seen as being in charge of the red-light district.[10] During the early 1940s the area served 250,000 men per month, at a fixed fee of $3.[12] On 28 August 1942, the prostitutes of Hotel Street (the main street of the red-light district) went on strike for better conditions and the right to work away from the brothels. The strike lasted 22 days.[10] The best-known prostitute of the period was Jean O'Hara. She is credited with inventing the "bull pen" system where a single prostitute would work three rooms in rotation: In one room a man would be undressing, in a second room the prostitute would be having sex, and in the third room the man would be dressing. With price controls circumventing the laws of supply and demand, O'Hara's system sped up the process and allowed each prostitute to see many more 'johns' every day.[13] O'Hara later wrote her memoirs in "My Life as a Honolulu Prostitute".[14] Following pressure from various groups, Hawaii's Governor, Ingram Stainback, ordered the closure of the red-light district. On 21 September 1944, all the houses of prostitution were ordered to close.[10] Sex traffickingHawaii is a source, destination and transit country for sex trafficking. Women from China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Russia and parts of Eastern Europe are trafficked to the island and forced into prostitution. Many are moved on to cities on the American mainland after a few months.[1] Hawaiian women and girls are vulnerable to sex trafficking.[1]In 2017 a Chinese national was convicted of trafficking. He brought in Chinese women to work in the Mayflower and Empire Relax massage parlours in Honolulu. He also trafficked women to work in massage parlours in New York.[15] The Chinese owner of the Mayflower was convicted of attempting to bribe FBI agents.[15][16] Both face deportation.[15][16] In January 2018, an American male was charged with prostitution and sex trafficking offences. He had "recruited, enticed, harbored, transported, provided, obtained, advertised, maintained, patronized, and solicited" by force and threats.[17] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Popescu|first1=Roxana|title=Paradise lost: Sex trafficking in Hawaii|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/01/paradise-lost-sex-trafficking-hawaii-160120111423579.html|website=Al Jazeera|accessdate=5 February 2018|date=22 January 2016}} {{Prostitution in the United States|state=collapsed}}{{Oceania in topic|Prostitution in}}2. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://statelaws.findlaw.com/hawaii-law/hawaii-prostitution-and-solicitation-laws.html |title= Hawaii Prostitution and Solicitation Laws |last= |first= |date= |website= Find Law |publisher= |access-date= 23 November 2017 |quote= }} 3. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/state-crime/pandering-laws-hawaii.htm |title= Prostitution, Pimping, and Pandering Laws in Hawaii |last= Schwartzbach |first= Micah |date= |website= |publisher= Criminal Defense Lawyer |access-date= 23 November 2017 |quote= }} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |title= Sex Work Law |last= |first= |date= |website= Sexuality, Poverty and Law Programme |publisher= |access-date= 21 November 2017 |quote= }} 5. ^{{cite web |url= https://damontucker.com/tag/prostitution-in-hawaii/ |title= Honolulu Police Department Responds to Allegations About Officers Engaging in Sex with Prostitutes |last= |first= |date= 24 March 2014 |website= Diamond Truckers |publisher= |access-date= 23 November 2017 |quote= }} 6. ^{{cite web |url= http://kxan.com/2017/02/05/hawaii-lawmaker-submits-bill-to-legalize-prostitution/ |title= Hawaii lawmaker submits bill to legalize prostitution |last= |first= |date= 5 February 2017 |website= KXAN |publisher= |access-date= 23 November 2017 |quote= }} 7. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1533&year=2017 |title= HB1533 |last= |first= |date= |website= Hawaii State Legislature |publisher= |access-date= 23 November 2017 |quote= }} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Diamond|first1=Milton|title=Pacific Center for Sex and Society - Sexual Behavior in Pre-contact Hawai'i|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/biblio/articles/2000to2004/2004-sexual-behavior-in-pre-contact-hawaii.html|website=University of Hawaii|accessdate=5 February 2018|date=2004}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Woodfin|first1=Mike|title=Iwilei - Ghost Town|url=http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/hi/iwilei.html|website=Ghost Towns|accessdate=5 February 2018}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|last1=Greer|first1=Richard|title=Dousing Honolulu's Red Lights |url=https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/138/2/JL34191.pdf|website=University of Hawaii|accessdate=5 February 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|last1=Hori|first1=Joan|title=Japanese Prostitution in Hawaii During the Immigration Period|url=https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/111/2/JL15137.pdf|website=University of Hawaii|accessdate=5 February 2018}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Hegarty|first1=Marilyn E.|title=Victory girls, khaki-wackies, and patriotutes : the regulation of female sexuality during World War II|date=2010|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0814737392}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Chinatown Newspaper: Honolulu Harlot|url=http://www.fittedhawaii.com/hanahou/2010/12/03/chinatown-newspaper-x-fitted-honolulu-harlot/|website=Fitted Hawaii|accessdate=5 February 2018}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=O'Hara|first1=Jean|title=My Life as a Honolulu Prostitute|date=27 May 2014|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xZ5bHAAACAAJ}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Chinese man convicted of trafficking prostitutes to Hawaii|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3135086|website=Taiwan News|accessdate=5 February 2018|date=7 April 2017}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|title=21-month sentence for Hawaii prostitution bribery case|url=https://wtop.com/national/2017/10/21-month-sentence-for-hawaii-prostitution-bribery-case/|website=WTOP|accessdate=5 February 2018|date=10 October 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web|last1=Duvernay|first1=Adam|title=Exonerated death row inmate charged with sex trafficking|url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/crime/2018/01/10/exonerated-death-row-inmate-charged-sex-trafficking/1020437001/|website=Delaware Online|accessdate=5 February 2018|language=en|date=10 January 2018}} 3 : Prostitution in Oceania|Hawaii culture|Prostitution in Hawaii |
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