“Prostitution in Libya”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Many of the sex workers are from Nigeria (over 1,000 in 2015).^[8] There are also sex workers from other sub-Saharan African countries such as Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone. Desperate to flee the poverty of their countries, they have often been trafficked to Libya with the promise of a job in Italy. Some are working as prostitutes in Libya to pay off debt bondage in the hope of travelling on to Italy.^[1]^[9]^[10]

Although he ordered the closure of Libya's brothels when he came to power,^[4] the former leader of the country, Colonel Gaddafi, and his sons maintained upmarket brothels on ranches. They had several pimps working for them to ensure a continuing supply of women.^[6]

Sex trafficking

Libya is a destination and transit country for men and women from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia subjected to sex trafficking. Instability and lack of government oversight continued to allow for human trafficking crimes to persist and become highly profitable for traffickers. As reported by international organisations in 2016, trafficking victims—including men, women, and children—are highly vulnerable to extreme violence and other human rights violations in Libya by government officials.^[11]

Migrants in Libya are extremely vulnerable to trafficking, including those seeking employment in Libya or transiting Libya en route to Europe. Prostitution rings reportedly subject sub-Saharan women to sex trafficking in brothels, particularly in southern Libya. Nigerian women are at increased risk of being forced into prostitution. Trafficking and smuggling networks that reach into Libya from Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, and other sub-Saharan states subject migrants to forced prostitution through fraudulent recruitment, confiscation of identity and travel documents, withholding or non-payment of wages, and debt bondage.^[11]

Since mid-2015, ISIS in Libya has abducted and taken into captivity at least 540 migrants and refugees, including at least 63 women whom ISIS forced into sexual slavery for its fighters.^[11]

The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Libya as a "Special Case" country.^[11]

References

1. ^¹{{cite news |last=Choudhury |first=Salah Uddin Shoaib |date=22 August 2011 |title=Removing curtains of Arab harems - III |url=http://www.weeklyblitz.net/1680/removing-curtains-of-arab-harems-iii |newspaper=Weekly Blitz |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510043623/http://www.weeklyblitz.net/1680/removing-curtains-of-arab-harems-iii |archive-date=2012-05-10 |accessdate=2012-06-28}}
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Morgan|first1=Robin |title=Sisterhood is global : the international women's movement anthology|date=1996|publisher=Feminist Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1558611603|edition=Feminist Press}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=The Legal Status of Prostitution by Country|url=http://chartsbin.com/view/snb|website=ChartsBin|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|title=Colonel Gaddafi: Muammar Abuminyar Alqaddafi (معمر القذافي)|url=https://www.temehu.com/brother-leader-Gaddafi.htm|website=Temehu.|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Joseph|first1=Saud |title=Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures: Family, Law and Politics|date=2005|publisher=Brill Academic Pub;|location=Leiden [u.a.]|isbn=978-9004128187}}
6. ^¹{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=NggpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA36&dq=Prostitution%20in%20Libya#v=onepage&q=Prostitution%20in%20Libya&f=false|title=Deconstructing Sexuality in the Middle East: Challenges and Discourses|first=Pinar|last=Ilkkaracan|date=13 May 2016|publisher=Routledge|accessdate=26 January 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781317153702}}
7. ^¹{{cite web|title=Sex Work Law - Countries|url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries|website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law|accessdate=9 January 2018|language=en}}
8. ^{{cite web|last1=Agha|first1=Eugene|title=1,000 Nigerian girls working as prostitutes in Libya – Police|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/news/53370-1-000-nigerian-girls-working-as-prostitutes-in-libya-police|website=Daily Trust|accessdate=9 January 2018|date=29 April 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sites/devco/files/articel-charlesnforgang_en.pdf |format=PDF |title=Libya: African Women in "chains" |website=Ec.europa.eu |accessdate=2017-01-26}}
10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=CUMhDcgeg2wC&pg=PA213&dq=Prostitution%20in%20Libya#v=onepage&q=Prostitution%20in%20Libya&f=false|title=Trafficking in Persons Report (10th Ed. )|date=26 January 2017|publisher=DIANE Publishing|accessdate=26 January 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781437937169}}
11. ^¹²³{{cite web|title=Libya 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271228.htm|website=U.S. Department of State|accessdate=9 January 2018}}{{PD-notice}}