| 词条 | Psamathe (Crotopus) |
| 释义 |
Psamathe (Ancient Greek: Ψάμαθη, from ψάμαθος "sand of the sea-shore"[1]), sometimes given only as the daughter of Crotopus, was daughter of King Crotopus of Argos, who became the lover of the god Apollo. Fearing her father, she exposed the child (Linus) which was killed by shepherd dogs, and she herself was condemned to death by her father, according to some tellings. Apollo then punished the city of Argos with a plague, and/or a monster (variously called Poena, or Ker, or Lamia, that ate the city's children, until it was slain by a hero named Coroebus of Argos. The God could not be appeased until the King (or the hero) expelled himself from the city, and went to dwell in the vicinity of Megara. EtymologyPsmathe was theorized to be a sea-nymph (nereid) by {{illm|Karl Bernhard Stark|de}} (1863) and a peronsification of "sand of the sea-shore" ({{lang-el|ψάμαθος}} psamathos), from which she derived her name.{{Refn|Frazer,[2] citing {{citation|last=Stark |first=Karl Bernhard |title=Niobe und die Niobiden in ihrer literarischen, künstlerischen und mythologischen Bedeutung |publisher=W. Engelmann |year=1863 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-5XeGlxQVcC&pg=PA347 |pages=347ff}}.}} MythologyIn one version (Conon), Psamathe abandoned the child, and although shepherds reared the foundling who was then named Linus, the child was torn apart by the shepherd's dogs. In the interim, Psamathe was ordered to be killed by her father. Apollo avenged her murder by sending a plague to Argos. When consulted, Apollo demanded that Psamathe and Linus be propitiated with due honors and festivities. The Argives complied but the plague persisted. And by oracular decree, the king was forced to leave in order to found the city of Tripodiscium near Megara, where he would live out his life.[2][3] In an alternate version (Pausanias), Psamanthe exposed the unnamed child, which was torn apart by the king's sheepdogs. Apollo then sent Poena (Greek: Poinē), the personification of punishment, upon the city. Poine would steal children from their mothers until Coroebus killed her. A hero Coroebus emerged from Argos to slay it, but Apollo then brought upon a plague. [4] A version by Statius tells this story, but does not name Psmanthe, whom he only records as Crotopos's daughter.{{sfnp|Ogden|2013b|p=103}} MonsterThe monster is called also Poine, the personification of punishment, in Pausanias's version of the tale.[4] It is a female monster with a snake protruding from her forehead in Statius's version, possibly having snake-feet (anguipedal form) as well.[5] The monster is also called a Kēr ({{lang-el|Κήρ}} "death-demon") in one poem,{{Refn|name="anthology"|Greek Anthology 7.154, quoted and translated by {{harvp|Pache|2004|pp=72–73}}. Also cited as Palatine Anthology 7.154[6]}} and a late source (9th to 11th century) labels her as one of the Lamiai.[7] It is also supposed to have a human head upon a serpent's body, according to a scholiast to Ovid.{{sfnp|Fontenrose|1959|p=104}} The poem indicates that the ker was entombed in the city of the tripod (Tripodiscium) to stand as a monument to commemorate Psamanthe, and that its slayer Coroebus is interred right underneath the monster.{{Refn|name="anthology"}} Coroebus, the ArgiveCoroebus of Argos slew Poine, in Pausanias's version. Thereupon Apollo struck the city with plague. Coroebus decided to go to Delphi to ask to be punished to befall only him, so that the city didn't have to suffer. The Pythia told him to never return home, but to take up a tripod and carry it until he would drop it, then settle on the spot where it would happen. The tripod slipped out of his hands as he had reached the Geraneian Mountains, where he founded a town known as Tripodiskoi ("Little Tripods"). The tomb of Coroebus was shown in Megara.[4] The hero named Coroebus does not appear in the version according to Conon.[3] Explanatory notes{{notelist}}References
1. ^Robert Graves. The Greek Myths (1960) 2. ^Conon, Narrationes, 19, paraphrased in 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|editor-last=Frazer |editor-first=J. G. (tr.)|title=Pausanias's Description of Greece |volume=II |place=London |publisher=Macmillan |year=1898|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_RYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA536 |page=536}} 4. ^1 2 Pausanias, translated by Jones, W.H.S.; Ormerod, H.A., {{plainlink|url=http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.43 |name=Description of Greece}}, 1. 43. 7 - 8 5. ^{{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Ogden|2013b}}|last=Ogden |first=Daniel |authorlink= |title=Dragons, Serpents, and Slayers in the Classical and Early Christian Worlds: A Sourcebook |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=|date=2013-05-30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFwWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |pages=100–101 |chapter=10 Lamia, Slain by Eurybatus and Others}} {{isbn|0199323747}} 6. ^{{harvp|Ogden|2013a}}pp. 87–88, note 1014 7. ^First Vatican Mythographer, c. 9th to 11th century, cited by {{harvp|Ogden|2013a|p=87}}
3 : Women of Apollo|Characters in Greek mythology|Princesses in Greek mythology |
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