| 词条 | PS Normandy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The PS Normandy, built in 1863, was operated by the [https://www.steam-packet.com/ Steam Packet Company], at the time a subsidiary of the London and South-West Railway Co. On the night of the 16th March, she shipped anchor in Southampton just before midnight being due in Jersey some 12 hours later. The ship was operating under an agreement between the Steam Packet Company and the British government for the carriage of Her Majesty’s mail to the Channel Isles. The agreement stated that vessels undertaking this duty were to make ‘the best of their way’ on the run and stop only for ‘the saving of life’. Late arrival was penalised by a charge £50 an hour. Until the night of the 16 – 17th March 1870, the PS Normandy had never defaulted on its contractual obligations. On the bridge of the Mary at the time of the collision, were Mr Griggs, the first mate and the captain of the vessel, Captain Stranach, together with the helmsman. Incident summaryNormandy was captained by Captain Henry Beckford Harvey and carried 28 crewmen, including chief mate J. Ockleford, an experienced officer with more than 16 years in the employ of the Company, the stewardess, Mary Charlotte Wilson and 31 passengers, of which 12 were women.[2]The principal cause of the collision was that the Mary was covered by the edge of a dense bank of fog and was hidden from the view of the officers on the bridge of the Normandy which was, until the moment of the collision, under a clear sky. Mary was moving at less than 2 knots and was sounding her fog-horns, her crew conscious of the precariousness of the situation. Just after 0339, the officers on both ships became aware of each other’s presence. It was, however, too late to change course and, despite the rapid and almost simultaneous orders issued by Mr Ockleford on the Normandy and Captain Stranach on the Mary, the Normandy passed in front of the Mary which connected with her side just astern of her starboard paddle wheel causing extensive damage and carrying off the starboard lifeboat. As the momentum of the two ships was lost, the Normandy immediately began to take on water. After the collision, Captain Harvey ordered the two remaining portside lifeboats to be launched[4] and ensured that all the women were placed on board first. There was no more room for those who remained onboard the Normandy. One of the rescued passengers was later to comment, ‘The Captain behaved with the greatest coolness and judgement under such trying circumstances. All the gentlemen stood back and made no attempt to get into the boats until the ladies were in them. During the whole occurrence extraordinary order and quietness prevailed, and the greatest fortitude was shown. I last saw Captain Harvey on the bridge, giving orders for the management of the boats and engines.’[5] One lifeboat was launched from the Mary but did not reach the Normandy as Mr Andrews, the second mate of the Mary who was in command of the lifeboat sent to search for those left on the Normandy, did not continue for fear that the Mary herself was in danger of sinking.[3] Although the ruling of the official enquiry was that the Normandy was at fault, the actions and the heroism of Captain Harvey, who died after having ensured that the passengers would be first to abandon the ship, was strenuously defended and praised by Victor Hugo,[2] who also recommended that London and South Western Railway equip its ships with watertight bulkheads, sufficient life jackets, and floating lights.[6] Court rulingThe Greenwich Police Court judged on 11 April 1870 that Normandy was found to have infringed Articles 14 and 15 of the Regulations for Preventing Disasters at Sea" and ‘noted with dissatisfaction’ the conduct of the second mate of Mary for returning to Mary with a lifeboat without reaching Normandy.[3] Monument in St. HelierA monument to the crew of Normandy stands at Saint Helier on Jersey. The inscription on the monument reads:
Notes1. ^1 2 Alfred Rosling Bennett, London and Londoners in the Eighteen-Fifties and Sixties, Chapter 37 - 1865 (continued) - Excursions and Alarums {{1870 shipwrecks}}{{coord missing|Isle of Wight}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Normandy}}2. ^1 2 3 4 Victor Hugo, Ce que c'est que l'exil, IX, in Actes et Paroles: Pendant l'exil, 1875, p.19 3. ^1 2 3 4 Annual Register [https://books.google.com/books?id=MWldAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA26 March 1870, XVII Fatal accident to a Channel Islands Steamer], Dodsley, 1871, p. 26-29 4. ^Nautical magazine, Volume 39, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JIYEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA215 Nautical topics of the day], Brown, Son and Ferguson, 1870 p.215-217 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=MWldAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA26&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Annual Register|date=1871|publisher=J. Dodsley.|language=en}} 6. ^Letter to the editor of the Star, 5 avril 1870, in Actes et Paroles vol.4 p.262-263 7. ^According to the Nautical Magazine, Captain Harvey was a member of the **Ancient Order of Foresters 6 : Paddle steamers of the United Kingdom|1863 ships|Maritime incidents in the United Kingdom|History of Guernsey|Shipwrecks in the English Channel|Maritime incidents in 1870 |
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