| 词条 | Suraj Mal |
| 释义 |
| title =Maharaja of Bharatpur Bahadur Jung | image = Maharaja Suraj Mal.jpg | alt = Suraj Mal | caption = Suraj Mal | reign = {{reign|1755|1763 AD}} | coronation =Deeg, 22 May 1755 | predecessor =Badan Singh | successor =Jawahar Singh | issue =Jawahar Singh Nahar Singh Ratan Singh Nihal Singh Ranjit Singh | royal house = Sinsinwar Jat Dynasty{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} | father = | mother = | birth_date = February 1707 | death_date = {{Death date and age|1763|12|25|1707|02||df=yes}} | death_place = near Delhi | spouse = Maharani Kishori }} Maharaja Suraj Mal (February 1707 – 25 December 1763) or Sujan Singh was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India. A contemporary historian has described him as "the Plato of the Jat people" and by a modern writer as the "Jat Odysseus", because of his political sagacity, steady intellect and clear vision.[1] The Jats, under Suraj Mal, overran the Mughal garrison at Agra and plundered the city taking with them the two great silver doors of the entrance of the famous Taj Mahal which were then melted down by Suraj Mal in 1763. Suraj Mal was killed in an ambush by the Mughal Army on the night of 25 December 1763 near Hindon River, Shahadra, Delhi.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} Capture of Delhi{{anchor | 1754 Capture of Delhi | Sack of Delhi | 1754 Jat-Mughal conflict }}In 1753, Surajmal overran and caputred the Ghasera Fort of Bahadur Singh Bargujar, a chief of 11 villages. After this Jats turned to Delhi. Jats defeated the forces of Mughal king Ahmad Shah Bahadur and occupied the Red Fort there in 1754 CE.[2][3] Battle of Kumher{{anchor | 1754 Battle of Kumher | Battle of Kumher }}Mughal Emperor Alamgir II and his rebellious courtier Siraj ud-Daulah were having a factional feud. Suraj Mal had sided with Siraj. Alamgir sought the help of the Holkar Marathas of Indore. Khanderao Holkar, son of the Maharaja of Indore, Malhar Rao Holkar, laid a siege on Suraj Mal's Kumher in 1754. While inspecting the troops on an open palanquin in the battle of Kumher, Khanderao was hit and killed by a cannonball from the Bharatpur army. The siege was lifted and a treaty was signed between Jats and Marathas, which later proved helpful for Suraj Mal in consolidating his rule.[4][5] CommemorationHis large cenotaph is at Kusum Sarovar, Govardhan, Uttar Pradesh.[6] His imposing chattri is flanked on either side by two smaller chattris of his two wives, "Maharani Hansiya" and "Maharani Kishori".[7] These memorial chattris were built by his son and successor Maharaja Jawahar Singh.{{cn|date=January 2019}} The architecture and carving is in the pierced stone style and the ceiling of cenotaphs are adorned with paintings of the life of Krishna and Suraj Mal.[7] Notable institutes named after him include Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology and Maharaja Surajmal Brij University, Bharatpur. References1. ^R.C.Majumdar, H.C.Raychaudhury, Kalikaranjan Datta: An Advanced History of India, fourth edition, 1978, {{ISBN|0-333-90298-X}}, Page-535 {{s-start}}{{s-hou|Sinsiniwar Jat Dynasty||1707||1763|}}{{s-reg}}{{succession box|title=Maharaja of Bharatpur|before=Badan Singh|after=Maharaja Jawahar Singh|years=1755–1763 AD}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Maharaja Suraj Mal}}2. ^Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur 3. ^Haryana Revenue Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910, Section B - History 4. ^[https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA606 Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813, by Jaswant Lal Mehta, pp606] 5. ^[https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1YSU9Qp9w0MC&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184 Images of Women in Maharashtrian Literature and Religion], edited by Anne Feldhaus, pp185-186 6. ^Cenotaph of Raja Sooruj Mull, Govurdhun. 97140, British Library online collection 7. ^1 D. Anand, 1992, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC&pg=PA56&dq=surajmal+smadhi+govardhan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTrMrTyJXgAhWLQ48KHf7sBLAQ6AEILDAA#v=onepage&q=surajmal%20smadhi%20govardhan&f=false Krishna: The Living God of Braj], Page 56. 9 : Rulers of Bharatpur state|Jat rulers|History of Rajasthan|History of Uttar Pradesh|History of Haryana|Medieval India|Hindu monarchs|1707 births|1763 deaths |
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