“Surface warfare insignia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The surface warfare insignia is a military badge of the United States Navy which is issued to U.S. Navy personnel who are trained and qualified to perform duties aboard United States surface warships. There are presently four classes of the surface warfare pin, being that of line, staff, special operations, and enlisted. The line and enlisted surface warfare badges may be earned by United States Coast Guard personnel assigned to Navy commands. The various badge types are as follows:

Surface warfare officer

The surface warfare officer insignia is the first milestone qualification an eligible commissioned officer may receive in surface warfare. This device is commonly called the "SWO pin" in the U.S. Navy since "badge" is more of a Eurasian rather than U.S. term for metal military insignia. Those receiving the Surface Warfare Officer pin must qualify as officer of the deck (both underway and in port), small boat officer, combat information center watch officer, and must be trained in shipboard engineering, naval history, and damage control. For further, enterprise-level training, officers will attend Surface Warfare Officers' School (SWOS) in Newport, Rhode Island between all sea tours. The surface warfare officer badge is typically a prerequisite for tactical action officer (TAO) training.

Junior officers, typically Ensigns, assigned to the surface warfare community are known as “unqualified” or "non-quals" until they receive qualification as a Surface Warfare Officer and receive the Surface Warfare Officer (SWO) pin. Surface line personnel who are not yet qualified have the 1160 officer designator: once qualified they receive the 1110 designator. Prior to 2018, junior officers were granted 18 months to qualify as Surface Warfare Officers; failing to do within the time period so meant either separation from the service or applying to transfer to another warfare community. The collisions of USS JOHN S. MCCAIN (DDG-56) and USS FITZGERALD (DDG-62) brought about a change in qualification standards. Unqualified junior officers now have no time limit to qualify within the two years of their first tour, and now must qualify solely before they transfer to their next command. Failing to qualify prevents the officer from transferring. Officers who are separated from the SWO community are known as “SWO non-attains” and this designation is entered into the officer's permanent military record.

The Surface Warfare Officer pin was designed to depict the traditional and typical elements of naval service: waves breaking before the bow of a ship overlaid on crossed U.S. Navy commissioned officer's swords, rendered in gold. The insignia recognizing surface warfare officers was introduced in 1975.

Enlisted surface warfare specialist

On 1 December 1978, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral T.B. Hayward approved the surface warfare specialist qualification program. This approval followed immediately by the promulgation of OPNAV Instruction 1412.4, which provided the specific details of the program.

Since the introduction of the surface warfare officer (SWO) qualification program in 1975, a strong advocacy for a similar program for surface enlisted was started. The program was initiated in 1977 when the surface warfare commanders (DCNO Surface Warfare, COMNAVSURFLANT and COMNAVSURFPAC) gave their conceptual approval to the development of a surface enlisted qualification program.

1. It was to reflect a level of qualification above and beyond the normal level of professional and performance criteria necessary for advancement.

2. The qualification was applicable to and reasonably attainable by all "surface" ratings.

3. Qualification was an attainable goal for dedicated enlisted serving on ships and afloat staffs.

4. Management of the program would not become an administrative burden on the ship.

6. Participation was voluntary, and there was neither a financial reward nor hazardous duty associated with the qualification.

3. Have a performance mark and leadership marks of top 30% for CPO's and 3.4 for petty officers.

4. Complete the PQS for damage control, damage control petty officer, repair party leader, and work center supervisor.

6. Perform an oral board held by the commanding officer, executive officer or lieutenant commander.

7. Be recommended by the chain of command, and approved by the commanding officer.

OPNAVINST 1414.9 is the Navy instruction that governs the enlisted warfare qualification programs. This instruction also cancels OPNAVINST 1414.2A.

The enlisted surface warfare specialist insignia also known as the ESWS pin, is authorized for wear by any enlisted member of the United States Navy who is permanently stationed aboard a navy afloat command and completes the enlisted surface warfare qualification program and personal qualification standards (PQS). The enlisted surface warfare specialist badge can be obtained at any time after reporting to a ship, if in the paygrade of E-5 (petty officer second class) and above. It has become common for commanding officers of Navy ships to award the ESWS pin to those in paygrades E-2 and E-3 after they complete the requisite qualifications. Sailors for whom ESWS is their secondary community (mostly those in the air warfare community) are not required to re-qualify.

An enlisted person who has qualified for his or her ESWS pin places the designator SW after his or her rate and rating; for example, Boatswain's Mate Second Class Jones, having qualified for his ESWS pin, is identified as BM2(SW) Jones.

For those enlisted personnel who are subsequently commissioned as officers and are shipboard SWO's the enlisted surface warfare specialist badge is replaced. Unlike other warfare pins available to both enlisted and officers, the ESWS and SWO pins differ by more than just color (gold for officers and silver for enlisted is a common theme in U.S. Navy uniforms). The blade weapons behind the hull on the SWO pin are swords. The blade weapons on the enlisted pin are cutlasses. This can clearly be seen in the curvature of the blades and the shape of the handguards. This derives from the sword being a symbol of naval officers and their authority, while cutlasses were traditionally issued for battle to enlisted sailors during the age of sail.

Requirements as of August 2010

Qualification and or re-qualification is mandatory for all enlisted sailors assigned to designated warfare qualifying commands. Warfare sponsors will establish specific qualification and re-qualifying timelines by signing a punitive contract. The maximum allowable time for initial qualification of all enlisted sailors assigned to designated warfare qualifying commands will not exceed 30 months

Medical corps officer

Surface warfare medical corps insignia: A gold metal pin, with a spread oak leaf surcharged with a silver acorn on two crossed swords, on a background of ocean swells.

Nurse corps officer

Surface warfare nurse corps insignia: A gold metal pin, with a spread oak leaf on two crossed swords, on a background of ocean swells.

Dental corps officer

Surface warfare dental corps insignia: A gold metal pin, with a spread oak leaf, a silver acorn on each side of the stem on two crossed swords, on a background of ocean swells.

Medical service corps officer

Surface warfare medical service corps insignia: A gold metal pin, with a spread oak leaf, attached to a slanting twig on two crossed swords, on a background of ocean swells.

Supply corps officer

The surface warfare supply corps insignia is granted to those members of the Navy Supply Corps who qualify as surface warfare supply officers. Such officers are trained in shipboard supply systems, food service, housing and welfare service, disbursing operations, damage control, and receive a limited amount of training as an officer of the deck (underway) [Some ship CO's require Supply Officers to become fully OOD Underway qualed]. Depending on the ship type they may receive training in shipboard flight operations as the Helicopter Control Officer (HCO).

For advancement in the surface supply community, the surface warfare supply pin must be obtained by junior supply officers within 18 months from reporting on board a naval vessel. Those failing to qualify as a surface supply officer are transferred to permanent ground assignment as shore supply officers.

Other versions of the supply corps pin include the Naval Aviation Supply Corps insignia, the Submarine Supply Corps insignia and the Navy Expeditionary Supply Corps insignia.

Coast Guard

The United States Coast Guard does not issue the surface warfare pin. Coast Guard personnel who are permanently cross assigned to afloat Navy commands may qualify for the surface warfare badge through the standard Navy qualification system. Coast Guard personnel serving on Coast Guard cutters are eligible to receive either the officer or enlisted version of the comparable Coast Guard insignia, the cutterman insignia.

NOAA commissioned corps

The NOAA commissioned corps deck officer pin is a gold-colored pin displaying breaking waves, with a central device consisting of a fouled anchor surcharged with a NOAA Corps device. NOAA Corps officers certified as senior watch officer may wear the NOAA deck officer insignia after authorization by the Director of the NOAA Corps.