| 词条 | PWS-22 |
| 释义 |
PWS-22, otherwise known as PWS-22BN3 was a Polish heavy bomber design created by Zbysław Ciołkosz and Antoni Uszacki of the Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów (PWS) factory in Biała Podlaska. Created in 1929 as a possible replacement for outdated Farman Goliath and improvised Fokker F.VII bombers in use by the Polish Army at the time, it was rejected along all other Polish designs. HistoryIn early 1920s the Polish Army was seeking home-made "retribution bombers", that is heavy bombers in modern terminology.[1][2] However, all proposals by Polish aircraft manufacturers were rejected as none were deemed skilled and experienced enough to build large, complicated bombers.[1] Because of that the newly created 2nd Destroyer Squadron of the 1st Air Regiment in 1926 was equipped with 32 Farman Goliath bombers bought in France.[1] However soon it became clear that the French bomber, designed in 1918, was already obsolete. Furthermore, the Goliaths were seriously underpowered and could not fly on one engine only, a serious flaw in a bomber.[3] Because of that the Department of Air of the Ministry of Military Affairs renewed interest in a home-produced heavy bomber.[3] As a stop-gap solution, the Polish state bought in February 1928 a license for Fokker F.VIIB/3m long-range passenger aircraft to be produced at the Lublin-based Plage i Laśkiewicz works. By the end of that year Jerzy Rudlicki of Plage i Laśkiewicz modified the design to build the plane in bomber configuration as well: windows were sealed, the passenger cabin replaced with bomb racks for up to {{convert|1500|kg|lb}} bombs and a single dorsal machine gun nest.[3] The plane, while mechanically sound, was but a stop-gap solution and the Polish Ministry of Military Affairs continued to seek a full-featured replacement for the Goliaths.[3] In 1929 Plage i Laśkiewicz presented the ministry with a much heavier "flying fortress" Lublin R-XVIII design, while PWS sent two projects: PWS-22 and PWS-23.[3] Eventually all designs were rejected and the unsuccessful LWS-6 Żubr was chosen as an interim design before the modern PZL.37 Łoś could be introduced in the 1930s.[4] The PWS-22 remained a project only. Technical descriptionThe PWS-22BN3 was a high parasol wing aircraft of mixed construction, with a fixed undercarriage and a crew of either three or four, all seated in open cabins.[4] The wooden wings reinforced with two girders were attached to the fuselage with a pyramid-like mounting.[4] The fuselage was to be made of steel tubes welded together and covered with plywood and canvass.[4] Defensive armament included 5 machine guns, including two in a double nose mount, 2 in dorsal position and 1 in a ventral retractable turret.[4] The bombload was to exceed {{convert|1360|kg|lb}}.[4] Specifications (PWS-22BN3 projected){{Aircraft specs|ref= [4] Polish Aircraft 1893–1939[2] |prime units?=met
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web | author= | title=Samoloty firmy Plage&Laśkiewicz | publisher=Jura-Pilica | year= | work=www.jura-pilica.com | url=http://www.jura-pilica.com/?samoloty-firmy-plagelaskiewicz,532 | accessdate=2013-07-02 |language=pl}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Jerzy B. Cynk|title=Polish Aircraft 1893–1939|year=1971|publisher=Putnam|location=London|isbn=0-370-00085-4}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | author=Janusz Dołęga | editor=Monika Śliwińska | title=Samoloty firmy Plage i Laśkiewicz | publisher=Ośrodek Brama Grodzka | location=Lublin | year= | work=Leksykon Lublin | url=http://teatrnn.pl/leksykon/node/537/samoloty_firmy_plage_i_la%C5%9Bkiewicz#12 | accessdate=2013-07-02 |language=pl}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite encyclopedia |author=Krzysztof Luto |editor= |encyclopedia=Samoloty w Lotnictwie Polskim |title=PWS-22B3N, 1929 |url=http://www.samolotypolskie.pl/samoloty/2239/126/PWS-22B3N2 |edition= |year=2010 |publisher= |volume= |location=Suwałki |id= |pages= |language=pl}} 2 : Polish bomber aircraft 1920–1929|PWS aircraft |
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