| 词条 | Pyramid of Tirana |
| 释义 |
| name = Pyramid of Tirana | native_name = | native_name_lang = Piramida | former_names = | alternate_names = Enver Hoxha Museum Pjeter Arbnori International Cultural Center | status = | image = Tirana_Pyramid.JPG | image_alt = | image_size = | caption = | map_type = | map_alt = | map_caption = | relief = | altitude = | building_type = | architectural_style = | structural_system = | material = | cost = | ren_cost = | client = | owner = | current_tenants = | landlord = | location = | address = | location_town = Tirana | location_country = Albania | coordinates = | groundbreaking_date = | start_date = | completion_date = | opened_date = 14 October 1988 | inauguration_date = | renovation_date = | closing_date = | height = | diameter = | circumference = | architectural = | tip = | antenna_spire = | roof = | top_floor = | observatory = | other_dimensions = | floor_count = | floor_area = | seating_type = | seating_capacity = | elevator_count = | grounds_area = | architect = Pirro Vaso, Klement Kolaneci, Pranvera Hoxha, and Vladimir Bregu | architecture_firm = | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | other_designers = | quantity_surveyor = | main_contractor = | awards = | designations = | ren_architect = | ren_firm = | ren_str_engineer = | ren_serv_engineer = | ren_civ_engineer = | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_awards = | rooms = | parking = | url = | embedded = | references = }} The Pyramid of Tirana ({{sq|Piramida}}) is a structure and former museum located in Tirana, Albania, Europe. BackgroundOn 14 October 1988, the structure opened as the Enver Hoxha Museum, originally serving as a museum about the legacy of Enver Hoxha, the long-time leader of Communist Albania, who had died three years earlier. The structure was co-designed by Hoxha's daughter Pranvera Hoxha, an architect, and her husband Klement Kolaneci, along with Pirro Vaso and Vladimir Bregu.[1] When built, the Pyramid was said to be the most expensive individual structure ever constructed in Albania.[2][3] The Pyramid has sometimes been sardonically called the "Enver Hoxha Mausoleum", although this was never its intended use or official appellation.[4] Post-CommunismAfter 1991, following the collapse of Communism, the Pyramid ceased its function as a museum and for several years was repurposed as a conference center and exhibition venue, as well as being rebranded with its current name. During the 1999 Kosovo War, the former museum was used as a base by NATO and humanitarian organizations.[5] Since 2001, part of the Pyramid has been used as broadcasting center by Albanian media outlets Top Channel and Top Albania Radio, while the rest of the structure and the paved surrounding area (currently being used as a parking lot and bus station for minivans to Elbasan) have experienced dilapidation and vandalism.[6] Part of Armando Lulaj's film It Wears as it Grows (2011) was shot inside the Pyramid.{{fact|date=January 2018}} Possible demolitionNumerous proposals to demolish the Pyramid and to redevelop the land of the {{convert|17000|m2|ha|adj=on}} complex for alternative uses have been made, with the most prominent proposal being the potential construction of a new Albanian parliament building on the site.[7][8][9] A previous proposal for the site to become a new opera theater was approved but cancelled shortly after construction work began. The exterior marble tiles covering the structure were removed to a depot outside of Tirana.[10] The proposed demolition of the Pyramid has itself become a point of controversy among some leading foreign architects, who have both supported and opposed it. Historian Ardian Klosi initiated a petition against the demolition of the structure, gathering around 6000 signatures.[11] A study published in 2015 but undertaken in 2013 suggests that the majority of citizens of Tirana were against the demolition.[12] It was announced in 2017 that the Pyramid will not be demolished, but refurbished. Youth IT CenterIn 2018, a new project was unveiled that would turn the Pyramid into a IT center for youth with a focus on computer programming, robotics, and start ups. The project consists in building staircases on the sides of the pyramid, and glass coverage areas for increased natural light.[13] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.balkanweb.com/gazetav5/newsadmin/preview.php?id=55071 |title=Kolaneci: Forma e Piramidës, në harmoni me malin e Dajtit |trans-title=Kolaneci: Form of the Pyramid, in harmony with the mountain of Dajtit |language=Albanian |date=2009-12-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224113116/http://www.balkanweb.com/gazetav5/newsadmin/preview.php?id=55071 |archivedate=24 February 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^{{cite web|author=Janine Schueller |url=https://www.inyourpocket.com/tirana/The-Pyramid_2768v |title=The Pyramid | Sights | Tirana |website=Inyourpocket.com |date=2014-11-23 |accessdate=2016-11-07}} 3. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/albania/tirana/sights/architecture/pyramid |title=Pyramid in Tirana, Albania |publisher=Lonely Planet |date= |accessdate=2016-11-07}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enverhoxha.ru/enver_hoxha_questions_answers_2.htm |title=Раздел "Вопросы, ответы, комментарии" сайта "Энвер Ходжа. Его жизнь и работа". Страница 2 |website=Enverhoxha.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-11-07}} 5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXz93jHKsJ0C&pg=PA169&dq=Enver+Hoxha+Mausoleum&hl=en&ei=gnFITOqeAsWOjAepo8yiDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Enver%20Hoxha%20Mausoleum&f=false|title=Postcolonial disorders:Volume 8 of Ethnographic Studies in Subjectivity|author=Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good|publisher=University of California Press|year=2008|isbn=0-520-25224-1|page=169}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Morton |first=Ella |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/01/28/the_fight_to_preserve_albania_s_ugly_pyramid_of_tirana.html |title=The fight to preserve Albania's ugly Pyramid of Tirana |website=Slate.com |date=2014-01-28 |accessdate=2016-11-07}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/roundup/2010/11/03/roundup-cl-03|title=Cultural and Sports: should Pyramid be torn down?|work=Southeast European Times|accessdate=2010-11-07}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://shtypidites.com/6523-mblidhet-komisioni-shteteror-per-ndertimin--e-parlamentit-te-ri.html|title=Mblidhet komisioni shteteror për ndërtimin e parlamentit te ri|work=Shtypi i Dites|language=Albanian|accessdate=2010-11-06}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.koha.net/index.php?cid=1,16,39013|title=Parlamenti i ri i Shqipërisë, 17 mijë metra katrorë - Shqipëri - Lajme - Koha Net|accessdate=2010-11-06}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcaV6AC5IZ4 |title=Piramida që ha paratë e shqiptarëve |publisher=YouTube |date=2009-09-26 |accessdate=2016-11-07}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://top-channel.tv/english/civil-movement-hands-petition-against-pyramid-demolition/|title=Civil Movement hands petition against Pyramid demolition|work=Top Channel|language=English|accessdate=2018-01-03}} 12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Iacono, F.; Këlliçi K.L.|first=|date=2015|title=Of Pyramids and Dictators: Memory, Work and the Significance of Communist Heritage in Post-Socialist Albania|url=http://revistas.jasarqueologia.es/index.php/APJournal/article/view/66|journal=Arqueologia Publica|volume=5|pages=97-122|via=}} 13. ^https://www.mvrdv.nl/en/projects/tirana-pyramid BibliographyExternal links{{commons category|Pyramid of Tirana}}
6 : Buildings and structures in Tirana|Monuments and memorials in Albania|Pyramids in Europe|Enver Hoxha|Buildings and structures completed in 1988|1988 establishments in Albania |
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