| 词条 | Avraham Shapira |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = Rabbi | name = Avraham Shapira אברהם שפירא | image = AvrahamShapira.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = | title = Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel | synagogue = | synagogueposition = | yeshiva = | yeshivaposition = | organisation = | organisationposition = | began = 1983 | ended = 1993 | predecessor = | successor = | rabbi = | rebbe = | kohan = | hazzan = | rank = | other_post = | birth_name = | birth_date = 20 May 1914 | birth_place = Jerusalem | death_date = {{death date and age|2007|9|27|1914|5|20}} | death_place = Jerusalem | buried = Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery, Jerusalem | nationality = Israeli | denomination = Orthodox | residence = | dynasty = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | alma_mater = | semicha = | signature = }} Avraham Shapira ({{lang-he|אברהם אלקנה כהנא שפירא}}; 20 May 1914, Jerusalem[1] – 27 September 2007) was a prominent rabbi in the Religious Zionist world. Shapira had been the head of the Rabbinical court of Jerusalem, and both a member and the head of the Supreme Rabbinic Court. He served as the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1983 to 1993. Shapira was the rosh yeshiva of Mercaz haRav in Jerusalem, a position he held since Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook died in 1982. BiographyAvraham Elkanah Shapira was born to a Jerusalemite family; his father was Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Shapira. As a child, he lived in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City and would pray at the Western Wall each morning.[2] In his youth, he studied at Etz Chaim Yeshiva in Jerusalem, later moving to the Hebron Yeshiva, where he studied under Rabbis Moshe Mordechai Epstein and Yechezkel Sarna. After his marriage, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook invited him to join Mercaz HaRav yeshiva.[3] Rabbi Shapira corresponded in his youth with the Chazon Ish, Rabbi Zvi Pesach Frank, Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik, and Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer. In 1956, he was appointed as a member of the Jerusalem religious court by Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog. In 1971, he was appointed Av Beit Din. Rabbi Shapira was elected Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel in 1983, serving alongside Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu, who was elected Sefardi Chief Rabbi. His wife Penina reportedly spent election day at the Western Wall, praying that her husband not be elected, as the position would put him in the political and secular limelight.[2] He died on the first day of Succot, 2007.[4][5] Fifteen days earlier, on the preceding Rosh Hashana, he had been brought to prayers in a wheelchair. Within days, he was hospitalized, and did not recover. Tens of thousands of people took part in his funeral procession on September 28, 2007. Occurring on the eve of Shabbat,[6] the procession stretched from its starting point at the Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva, through the streets of Jerusalem, past the original location of the yeshiva in the Geula neighbourhood, and terminated at the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery, where Rabbi Shapira was interred. Shapira and his wife Penina had four sons. As per his will, his son Rabbi Yaakov Shapira was appointed Rosh Yeshiva of Mercaz HaRav after him.[7] ViewsDuring the Oslo Accords, Shapira ruled that handing over territories violates Jewish law. He also called on soldiers to refuse orders to dismantle Jewish communities during the 2005 disengagement from Gaza.[5] Published works
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/167047 |script-title=he:הגאון הרב אברהם שפירא הלך לעולמו |accessdate=2007-10-01 |author= |last=Selah |first=Kobi |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher=Arutz 7 |pages= |language=hebrew |doi= |quote=נולד בירושלים בכד אייר תרע"ד | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071021170305/http://www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/167047| archivedate= 21 October 2007 | deadurl= no}} {{s-start}}{{s-rel|jw}}{{s-bef|before=Shlomo Goren}}{{s-ttl|title=Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel|years=1983–1993}}{{s-aft|after=Yisrael Meir Lau}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shapira, Avraham}}2. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Sylvetsky |first1=Rochel |title="There was only one Abraham" – a Tzaddik in our times |url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/21609 |accessdate=13 August 2018 |publisher=Arutz Sheva |date=26 January 2018}} 3. ^{{cite news |last1=Shapira |first1=Yaakov |title=Remembering Rav Tzvi Yehuda Kook, (d. Purim, 1982) |url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/12939 |accessdate=13 August 2018 |publisher=Arutz Sheva |date=27 February 2013}} 4. ^{{cite news |first= Mattew |last=Wagner |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=Rabbi Avraham Shapira dies at 94 |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1189411500705 |format= |work= |publisher=Jerusalem Post |id= |pages= |page= |date=2007-09-28 |accessdate=2007-09-28 |quote= }}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}} 5. ^1 {{cite news |first=Nadav |last=Shragai |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=Former chief Ashkenazi rabbi Abraham Shapira dies at 96 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/907691.html |work= |publisher=Haaretz |id= |pages= |page= |date=2007-09-28 |accessdate=2007-09-28 |quote= | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071011144255/http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/907691.html| archivedate= 11 October 2007 | deadurl= no}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Former Chief Rabbi of Israel Dies|last=Copans|first=Laurie|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/sns-ap-israel-obit-shapira,1,5692903.story|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=2007-09-28|accessdate=2007-09-29}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 7. ^Avraham Shapira (Hebrew) 9 : 1914 births|2007 deaths|Israeli Jews|20th-century rabbis|Chief rabbis of Israel|Religious Zionist rosh yeshivas|Rabbis in Jerusalem|Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives|Chardal |
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