1. History

2. Funding

3. Bike Life

4. National Cycle Network

5. Criticism

6. Patrons

7. Connect2

8. See also

9. References

10. External links
     Specific routes 

Sustrans is a UK sustainable transport charity.

Its flagship project is the National Cycle Network, which has created over 14,000 mi^[1] of signed cycle routes throughout the UK, but about 70% of the network is on previously existing, mostly minor roads, in which motor traffic will be encountered.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}

Sustrans works with schools to encourage active travel (cycling, walking or scooting) among students. It also works with employers and local authorities. It administers several thousand volunteers who contribute their time to the charity in numerous ways, such as cleaning and maintaining the National Cycle Network, enhancing biodiversity along the routes, leading walks and rides and supporting communities to improve their air quality.

History

Sustrans was formed in Bristol in July 1977 as Cyclebag by a group of cyclists and environmentalists, motivated by emerging doubts about the desirability of over-dependence on the private car, following the 1973 oil crisis, and the almost total lack of specific provision for cyclists in most British cities, in contrast to some other European countries.^[2][3]

A decade earlier, the Beeching Axe closed many British railways that the government considered underused and too costly. One such railway was the former Midland Railway line between central Bristol and Bath, closed in favour of the more direct, former Great Western Railway between the cities. Sustrans leased part of the old route with the help of Avon County Council (Bristol and Bath were then part of the County of Avon) and turned it into its first route, the Bristol & Bath Railway Path.^[2]

In the early 1980s, when unemployment rose, the organisation took advantage of government schemes to provide temporary employment to build similar 'green routes'. British Waterways collaborated with Sustrans to improve towpaths along some canals, which resulted in greatly increased use of the towpaths, especially by cyclists.

In 1983, the charity Sustrans was founded. It had 11 directors (trustees, members and board members of the charity) chosen by the existing board. The executive board was composed of the chief executive, John Grimshaw, and one of the two company secretaries.^[4]

By the early 1990s, Sustrans had a growing number of supporters, and the network of national routes was emerging. In 1995, it was granted £43.5 million from the Millennium Lottery Fund^[5] to extend the National Cycle Network to smaller towns and rural areas as well as launch the "Safe Routes to Schools" project, based on earlier state projects in Denmark.

The organisation is working to introduce Safe Routes to Stations and Home Zones among other projects. In 2015, Sustrans ran the Campaign for Safer Streets, which encouraged people to write to David Cameron to encourage him to commit to funding safer walking and cycling routes to schools.

Funding

The National Cycle Network was the first project to receive Millennium Commission funding in 1995. Sustrans currently has many sources of funding, and in the 2004/05 financial year, its income was £23.6 million: £2.1 million from supporters' donations, £8.5 million came from the Department for Transport and a further £2.5 million from the National Opportunities Fund specifically for the Safe Routes projects. Additional funding comes from charitable grants and trusts, local government and income from the sales of maps and books.^[4]

Bike Life

In October 2015, Sustrans released its first Bike Life report.^[6] It was a survey of residents in seven UK cities, undertaken in conjunction with local councils and transport authorities, attempting to assess the current state of cycling in the UK. It covered areas such as safety, provision of cycling infrastructure and people's attitudes towards cycling.

National Cycle Network

The National Cycle Network was officially opened in June 2000,^[7] when 5,000 miles had been completed, although some routes had been open for over a decade. In 2005 the network reached 10,000 miles.^[5] In urban areas, almost 20% of the network is free from motor traffic, though these sections can account for up to 80% of use. The more rural parts of the network see less motor traffic and are used primarily for leisure cycling.

Sustrans estimated that in 2005, the network carried 232,000,000 journeys by all classes of non-motorised users.^[8] In 2010, the figure had risen to over 420,000,000 journeys.^[9] The data collected by Sustrans to compile monitoring reports, from traffic counters and user surveys, showed that National Cycle Network usage is predominantly urban and on traffic-free sections. Furthermore, surveys show that only 35% of usage on urban sections of the NCN is for leisure purposes.

Criticism

Sustrans has opponents within organisations that wish to reduce road haulage and motor travel by promoting the expansion of the modern railway network. Furthermore, it has also received criticism from members of the heritage railway movement. It has been accused of being uncompromising on route sharing; for example, it allowed a single-track railway adjacent to a cycle path on a double-track railway formation. An example is the planned section of the Bodmin and Wenford Railway between Boscarne Junction & Wadebridge.

It also has a history of going back on its own policies with regard to sustainable transport.^[10] In 2000, several mainline railways were full to capacity, yet requests by EWS and English China Clays to reopen lost rail links for freight paths such as the former Weedon to Leamington Spa line were refused by the charity. Sustrans refused to support the application unless the rail promoter provided an alternative cycle track; EWS responded it was an uneconomic provision for both reopening and building replacement pathway expenses. Objections by Sustrans allegedly mean that freight now has to continue to move by road through the local villages.^[11]

Sustrans have occasionally been criticised by other cycling organisations and activists over allegedly giving approval to cycle facilities regarded by critics as inadequate or dangerous, allowing local councils and similar bodies to refute criticism by pointing out that Sustrans have approved of the design being questioned. ^[12]

Patrons

Patrons of Sustrans include the following:

Glenys Kinnock MEP, The Rt Hon Neil Kinnock, Jan Morris CBE, Dr Alex Moulton CBE RDI FREng, Dervla Murphy, Steven Norris, Jeremy Paxman, Jonathon Porritt CBE, Richard Rogers, Bettina Selby, Jon Snow, The Rt Hon the Lord Waldegrave of North Hill, The Rt Hon Sir George Young MP.

Connect2

Connect2 was a UK-wide project that aimed to improve local travel in 79 communities by creating new walking and cycling routes. Sustrans launched the 'Connect2' project in August 2006 in a successful bid to win £50 million from the Big Lottery's 'Living Landmarks; The People's Millions' competition. Connect2 was announced as the winning project on 12 December 2007.^[13]

See also

• Bicycle touring
• Challenge riding
• Cycling
• Greenway (landscape)
• List of cycleways
• Mountain biking
• Permeability (spatial and transport planning)
• Rail trail
• Segregated cycle facilities
• Utility cycling

References

External links

• {{Official website|http://www.sustrans.org.uk }}
• {{EW charity|326550|Sustrans Limited}}
• [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/bike-blog/2015/oct/21/cycling-three-quarters-britons-support-more-spending-bike-use Guardian article about Bike Life report 2015]
• Sustrans Connect2 Official Home Page

Specific routes

• The Taff Trail (NCN 8)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20040831214823/http://www.valleyrides.co.uk/ Valley Rides By Tony Gibbs (NCN 8)]
• The Pennine Cycleway NCN 68 Derby to Berwick by Dik Stoddart

• José González Morfin
• José González Ortiz
• José González (Peruvian footballer)
• José González (Spanish sport shooter)
• José Gonçalves (cyclist)
• José Gordon
• José G. Osuna Millán
• José Gottardi
• José Gottardi Cristelli
• José Goyeneche
• José Granados Navedo
• José Granda
• José Graziano da Silva
• José Grecco
• José Greci
• José Gregorio Camacho
• José Gregorio Esparza
• José Gregorio Peña
• José Guadalupe Cervantes Corona
• José Guadalupe Cruz
• José Guadalupe Cruz (disambiguation)
• José Guadalupe Cruz (manager)
• José Guadalupe Gallegos
• José Guadalupe García Ramírez
• José Guadalupe Rivera Rivera