| 词条 | Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a | image= | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a al-Mazini al-Tamimi | birth_date = | birth_place = Al Khuwayr, Umayyad Caliphate (present-day Qatar)[1] | death_date = c. 698–699 CE | death_place = Semnan, Persia (present-day Iran) | death_cause = Killed in battle[2] | body_discovered = | monuments = | title = Amir al-Mu'minin (leader of the faithful) | years_active = 687–698/699 | known_for = Leader of the Azariqa sub-sect | reign = | predecessor = Najdah ibn 'Amir | successor = Movement disbanded | spouse = }}Qaṭari ibn al-Fujaʾa ({{lang-ar|قطري بن الفجاءة }}; died c. 698–699 CE[2][3]) was a Kharjite leader and poet.[4] Born in Al Khuwayr, he ruled over the Azariqa faction of the Kharjites for more than ten years after Najdah ibn 'Amir's death in c. 687 CE.[5] He led an uprising against the Umayyad Caliphate for more than 20 years.[7]Ibn Khallikan, a 13th-century Muslim scholar, states that 'Qatari' is not his given name, but instead refers to the name of the region where he hailed from.[7] A member of the Banu Tamim tribe,[6] he held the title of Amir al-Mu'minin, which translates to 'leader of the faithful' and was the formal title of the Caliphs.[7] His nicknames were Na'ama (ostrich) and Abu al-Mawt (father of death).[7] It has been asserted that he was the first Khawarji leader to promote jihadism, as his poems glorified courage, death and war in the name of Allah.[7] He minted the first known Kharijite coins, the earliest of which dated to 688 or 689.[13] It was minted in the Arab-Sasanian style. The coin bore the Pahlavi inscription "‛Abdallah Qatari, the Commander of the Faithful, who has increased the royal glory".[8] Role in Azariqa factionIn 687, Ibn al-Fuja'a assumed leadership over the Azariqa sub-sect of the Khawarij sect of Islam during the Second Fitna. Leading his troops from Kerman, he recaptured portions of Ahvaz and marched towards Basra.[13] Around 698 or 699, the governor of Iraq al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf sent two of his generals, al-Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah and Sufyan ibn al-Abrad al-Kalbi, to attack Ibn al-Fuja'a and his men who were encamped in Tabaristan. After fleeing to Semnan, Ibn al-Fuja'a was confronted by Sufyan's forces. Ibn al Fuja'a's forces were defeated and he was decapitated in the encounter.[9][10] Shortly after the battle, the remnants of the Azariqa faction met their demise under the leadership of 'Abida ibn Hilal, marking the end of the Islamic sub-sect.[11] External links
Further reading
References1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yrg-AQAAIAAJ&q=%22%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1+%D9%81%D9%8A%22&dq=%22%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1+%D9%81%D9%8A%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGzbu70e7UAhVH4YMKHWbUBCMQ6AEIJDAA|title=al-Aqlām|publisher=Wizārat al-Thaqāfah wa-al-Irshād|volume=1|issue=2|quote=وذكر في وفيات الاعيان لابن خنكان ابو نعامة قطري بن الفجاءة واسمه جعونة ين مازن بن يزيد اين زياد ين حبتر بن مالك ين عمرو رين تهيم بن مر التميمي الثسيباني ولد في الجنوب الشرقي من قرية الخوير شمال قطر في}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibn al-Fuja'a, Qatari}}{{Islam-bio-stub}}2. ^al-Jahjah, ‘Ghuraba'’ (‘Strangers’), Sada al-Malahim 6 (Nov 2008) 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Meisami|first1=Julie Scott|last2=Starkey|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Volume 2|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DbCFBX6b3eEC|page=437|year=1998|isbn=978-0415571135}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Nicholson|first=Reynold Alleyne|title=A Literary History of the Arabs|publisher=Kitab Bhavan|year=1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNolAAAAMAAJ|page=213|isbn=978-8171511945}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Sonbol|first=Amira El-Azhary|title=Gulf Women|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic Publishing|url=http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/women_in_eastern_arabia-myth_and_representation_gulf_women_bloomsbury_2012.pdf|year=2012|page=42}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://de.qantara.de/inhalt/ethnizit%C3%A4t-in-muslimischen-kalifaten-vom-stamm-der-quraisch?nopaging=1|title=Vom Stamm der Quraisch|publisher=Qantara.de|language=German|last1=Yosri|first1=Mohamed|date=28 March 2018|accessdate=9 March 2019}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Lo|first=Mbaye|title=Understanding Muslim Discourse: Language, Tradition, and the Message of Bin Laden|publisher=UPA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzgDQCeHw5oC|year=2009|pages=56, 57|isbn=978-0761847489}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://pro.geo.univie.ac.at/projects/khm/coins/coin207?language=en|title=Rival caliph Qatari bin al-Fuja’a|publisher=Digitaler Ausstellungskatalog|accessdate=10 May 2015}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Series, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=noAmAQAAIAAJ|page=104|isbn=9781286740378}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Hottinger|first=Arnold|title=Arabs|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520005730|page=58}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=Gaiser|first=Adam R|title=What do we learn about the early Kharijites and Ibadiyya from their coins?|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/What+do+we+learn+about+the+early+Kharijites+and+Ibadiyya+from+their...-a0253322405|publisher=The Journal of the American Oriental Society|year=2010}} 6 : Kharijites|Arabic-language poets|Islamic religious leaders|Rebellions against the Umayyad Caliphate|7th-century Arabs|Year of birth uncertain |
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