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词条 Svans
释义

  1. History

  2. Language

  3. Genetics

  4. Famous Svans

  5. References

  6. External links

{{about|a people in the Caucasus}}{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Svans
Svan: შვანარ shvanar
{{lang-ka|სვანი }} {{lang|ka-Latn|svani}}
| image = File:Kartvelian languages.svg
| caption = Distribution of the Svan language in relation to other Kartvelian (South Caucasian) languages.
|population = c. 14,000[1]–30,000[2]
|popplace =
|region1 = {{flag|Georgia}}
|pop1 = 14,000[1]–30,000[2]
|region2 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
|pop2 = 45 (2010)[3]
|languages = Svan, Georgian
|religions = Predominantly † Eastern Orthodox Christianity
(Georgian Orthodox Church)
|related-c =
}}

The Svans ({{lang-ka|სვანი}}, {{lang|ka-Latn|Svani}}) are an ethnic subgroup of the Georgians (Kartvelians)[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] living mostly in Svaneti, a region in northwest Georgia. They speak the Svan language and are mostly bilingual also in Georgian. Both these languages belong to the Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language family. In the pre-1930 Soviet census, the Svans were afforded their own "ethnic group" (natsional'nost) category.[11] The self-designation of the Svan is Mushüan, which is probably reflected in the ethnonym Misimian of the Classical authors.[12]

History

{{Georgians}}

The Svans are usually identified with the Sanni mentioned by Greek geographer Strabo, who placed them more or less in the area still occupied by the modern-day Svans.

In the Russian Empire and early Soviet Union Mingrelians and Svans had their own census grouping, but were classified under the broader category of Georgian in the 1930s. They are Georgian Orthodox Christians, and were Christianized in the 4th–6th centuries. However, some remnants of pre-Christian beliefs have been maintained. Saint George (known as Jgëræg to the locals), a patron saint of Georgia, is the most respected saint. The Svans have retained many of their old traditions, including blood revenge, although this tradition has been declining over time and as law enforcement takes hold. Their families are small, and the husband is the head of his family. The Svan strongly respect the older women in families.

Language

Typically bilingual, they use both Georgian and their own, unwritten Svan language. However, Svan is being largely replaced by Georgian, which is the language of culture and education in Georgia.

Genetics

According to Y-DNA Haplogroups, Svan people are almost entirely made up of DNA from one unique Haplogroup F* (Y-DNA) known as haplogroup F[xI,G,J2,K], found in the Abazin (29%), Chechen (32%) and Dargin (27%) populations with the remaining 8% of their DNA being part of Haplogroup G-M201. [13]

Famous Svans

  • Temur Babluani
  • Géla Babluani
  • Mikheil Gelovani
  • Otar Ioseliani
  • Mikheil Kurdiani
  • Sopho Gelovani
  • Tariel Oniani
  • Yaroslav Iosseliani
  • Nana Ioseliani

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?peo3=19064|title=Svanetian, Mushwan in Georgia|first=Joshua|last=Project|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/projects/svan|title=Svan/Udi/Tsova-Tush - DOBES|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab5.xls|title=Russian census 2010|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2017}}
4. ^Stephen F. Jones. Svans. World Culture Encyclopedia. Retrieved on March 13, 2011: «The Svans are one of the dozen or so traditionally recognized ethnic subgroups within the Georgian (Kartvelian) nation.»
5. ^The Svans Kevin Tuite Université de Montréal 1992: «The Svans are one of the dozen or so traditionally recognized ethnic subgroups within the Georgian (Kartvelian) nation.»
6. ^Britannica. Caucasian peoples: «The Caucasian peoples ... The southerners, comprising the Georgians, the closely related Mingrelians and Laz, and the Svan, make up the Republic of Georgia and live in western Transcaucasia (the Laz live in Turkish territory).»
7. ^R. Wixman. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=ru&id=WKrN10g4whAC&q=Svan#v=snippet&q=Svan&f=false The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook] (p.181): «Svan ... The Svanetians are one of the Kartvelian peoples of the Georgian SSR»
8. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=uwi-rv3VV6cC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ethnic+Groups+Worldwide:+A+Ready+Reference+Handbook,+by+David+Levinson&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=JBOuT_6FEYGq-gbD2qmHCQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Ethnic%20Groups%20Worldwide%3A%20A%20Ready%20Reference%20Handbook%2C%20by%20David%20Levinson&f=false Levinson, David. Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1998.] p 35
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1017118|title=СВАНЫ - это... Что такое СВАНЫ?|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/241529/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B|title=Сваны - это... Что такое Сваны?|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2017}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_nac_26.php?reg=5|title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.|website=demoscope.ru|accessdate=18 August 2017}}
12. ^History of Georgian Mountein Regions / R. Topchishvili. Available at The National Parliamentary Library of Georgia
13. ^Nasizde 2004a

External links

{{commons category|Svans}}{{Wikisource}}{{Kartvelian languages}}{{Georgian language}}{{Peoples of the Caucasus}}{{Ethnic groups in Georgia}}{{Eastern Christianity footer}}{{Authority control}}

4 : Ethnographic groups of people from Georgia (country)|People from Georgia (country)|Sub-ethnic groups|Peoples of the Caucasus

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