| 词条 | Sveriges Television |
| 释义 |
| network_name = Sveriges Television (SVT) | name = | network_logo = SVT 2016.svg | logofile = | logo_size = 150px | network_type = Public television broadcaster | branding = | airdate = | country = Sweden | available = National | founded = {{start date and age|1956}} (as Sveriges Radio TV) {{start date and age|1979}} (as SVT) | founder = | slogan = Fri television ("Free Television") | motto = | market_share = | license_area = | broadcast_area = | area = | erp = | owner = Förvaltningsstiftelsen för Sveriges Radio, Sveriges Television and Sveriges Utbildningsradio | key_people = Göran Johnsson, Chairman of the board Hanna Stjärne, Chief executive officer | launch_date ={{Start date and age|1956|09|04|df=yes}} | closure_date = | past_names = Radiotjänst (1956–1957) Sveriges Radio (1957–1979) | digital = | analog = | servicename1 = Channels | service1 = SVT1, SVT2, SVT24, Barnkanalen, Kunskapskanalen, SVT1 HD, SVT2 HD, SVT Play, SVT World and 12 district channels | servicename2 = | service2 = | servicename3 = | service3 = | servicename4 = | service4 = | callsigns = | callsign = | callsign_meaning = | former_callsigns = | affiliates = | groups = | affiliation = | affiliations = | former_affiliations = | website = {{URL|http://www.svt.se/}} | footnotes = }} Sveriges Television AB (SVT, {{IPA-sv|ˈsværjɛs tɛlɛvɪˈɧuːn|language|SVT_Swedish.ogg|Pronunciation}}), Sweden's Television, is the Swedish national public television broadcaster, funded by a public service tax on personal income set by the Riksdag.[1] Prior to 2019, SVT was funded by a television licence fee payable by all owners of television sets. The Swedish public broadcasting system is largely modeled after the system used in the United Kingdom, and Sveriges Television shares many traits with its British counterpart, the BBC. SVT is a public limited company that can be described as a quasi-autonomous non-government organisation. Together with the other two public broadcasters, Sveriges Radio and Sveriges Utbildningsradio, it is owned by an independent foundation, Förvaltningsstiftelsen för Sveriges Radio AB, Sveriges Television AB och Sveriges Utbildningsradio AB, The foundation's board consists of 13 politicians, representing the political parties in the Riksdag and appointed by the Government. The foundation in turn appoints the members of the SVT board. SVTs regulatory framework is governed by Swedish law. Originally, SVT and Sveriges Radio were a joint company, but since 1979 they and Sveriges Utbildningsradio are sister companies sharing some joint services. SVT maintained a monopoly in domestic terrestrial broadcasting from the start in 1956 until the privately held TV4 started broadcasting terrestrially in 1992. It is barred from accepting advertisements except in the case of sponsors for sporting events. Until the launch of the Swedish language satellite television channel TV3 in 1987, Sveriges Television provided the only Swedish television available to the public. SVT is still the biggest TV network in Sweden, with an audience share of 36.4 percent. HistoryWhen radio broadcasting was organized in the 1920s, it was decided to adopt a model similar to the one of the British Broadcasting Company in the United Kingdom. The radio would be a monopoly funded by a license fee and organized as a limited company, AB Radiotjänst ("Radio Service Ltd."), owned by the radio industry and the press.[2] The transmitters were owned by the state through Telegrafverket and the press held a monopoly on newscasts through Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå. AB Radiotjänst was one of 23 founding broadcasting organizations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950. Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå lost its monopoly on newscasts de jure in 1947 and de facto in 1956, but otherwise the same model would be applied to television.[3] It was decided to start test transmissions of television in June 1954. The first transmissions were made on 29 October 1954 from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.[3] In 1956, the Riksdag made the decision to permanent television broadcasting. Transmissions were officially started in Sweden by Radiotjänst on 4 September the same year using the new Nacka transmitter. A television license for those owning a television set was introduced in October.[3] Television started broadcasting regularly in 1957. At the same time, Radiotjänst was renamed Sveriges Radio (SR) and its ownership changed. The state and the press would have equaled 40% shares, while the company would own 20% (in 1967, the state increased its share to 60% at the expense of the press). In 1958, the first newscast, Aktuellt, was broadcast. During the 1960s a second TV channel was frequently discussed. The discussions resulted in the start of TV2 on 5 December 1969. The first channel was named TV1 and the two channels were supposed to broadcast in "stimulating competition" within the same company.[4] The first stage of the main headquarters building and TV studios for Sveriges Television, called TV-huset (sv), was inaugurated on Oxenstiernsgatan in the Östermalm district in Stockholm on 30 October 1967. The completion of the second stage of TV-huset and its official opening was on 5 December 1969, the same day as the start of operations of TV2, making it one the largest television studios in Europe at that time. 1970 saw the start of the first regional programme, Sydnytt from Malmö. More regional news programmes launched in 1972 and the entire country was covered by regional news programmes by 1987 when ABC from Stockholm started. When TV2 started the news programmes were reorganized. Aktuellt was cut and replaced with TV-nytt, which was in charge of the main 19:30 bulletin on TV1 as well as news updates on both channels. In addition, the two channels would get one "commenting bulletin" each. TV2 got Rapport and TV1 got Nu.[5] In 1972, the news was reorganized once again. Rapport was moved to the 7:30 slot on TV2, Aktuellt was revived and would broadcast at 6 and 9 on TV1.[6] Those timeslots would mostly stay unchanged for the following decades. In 1966, the first colour broadcast was made, with regular colour broadcasts being introduced in 1970. Teletext started in 1978. At the end of the 1970s, SR was reorganized. From 1 July 1979, Sveriges Radio AB became the mother of four companies: Sveriges Riksradio (RR) for national radio, Sveriges Lokalradio AB (LRAB) for local radio, Sveriges Utbildningsradio (UR) for educational broadcasting and Sveriges Television (SVT) for television. SVT would provide all television broadcasting, except for educational programming which was the responsibility of Sveriges Utbildningsradio. The abbreviation SVT was chosen over the arguably more logical "STV" as that abbreviation was already occupied by Scottish Television in the EBU.[7] The Swedish EBU membership is currently jointly held by SVT, SR and UR. The two channels were reorganized in 1987. TV1 was renamed Kanal 1 and contained almost all programmes produced in Stockholm, while TV2 consisted of the ten regional districts and the Rapport news desk. Broadcasts in Nicam Stereo were made permanent in 1988. This year also saw the launch of a channel called SVT World in southern Finland, broadcasting content from SVT for Finland-Swedes. The channel, which was later renamed SVT4, was rebranded as SVT Europa in 1997, when it started broadcasting to all of Europe through satellite. Following its expansion into Asia and Africa, it was rebranded as SVT World in 2005. In 1992, the Riksdag decided that Sveriges Radio would reorganize once again into three independent companies (with RR and LRAB merged). From 1994, they would be owned by three independent foundations. The three foundations would later change into one foundation.[8] In 1990, broadcasts would usually start at 16:00 and finish before 00:00. The 1990s saw an increase in broadcasting time with reruns in the afternoon, a morning show and lunch-time news bulletins. SVT also met competition from the young commercial broadcasters. TV3 became the first channel to break SVT's monopoly on television in Sweden and in 1992, the newly elected right-wing parliamentary majority allowed TV4 to start terrestrial broadcasts. They soon established nationwide coverage and in 1995, TV4 passed TV2 in the overall ratings and became the nation's most viewed channel. In 1996, the channels were once again reorganized. The previous organization and competition between the two channels disappeared as they became part of a single organization. Kanal 1 and TV2 were renamed SVT1 and SVT2. The first season of Expedition: Robinson (Survivor) was shown in 1997. The first digital terrestrial television-broadcasts (DTT) took place in 1999. SVT started six new channels, the news channel SVT24 and five regional channels. 2000 saw the reorganization of the news desks. Aktuellt, Rapport and SVT24 were merged into one central news desk. In 2001 a new logo and new programme schedules, among other things, were introduced. This made SVT1 the broader mainstream channel with higher ratings and SVT2 the narrower channel. The main news bulletins at 19:30 and 21:00 switched channels with Aktuellt, now shown on SVT2, and Rapport, on SVT1. The regional channels were shut down in the beginning of 2002 and were replaced by SVT Extra. In December 2002, a new channel known as Barnkanalen began showing children's programmes during the day. On 24 February 2003 SVT24 and SVT Extra were renamed 24, a theme channel for news and sports. Also in 2003, all the SVT channels dropped their encryption in the DTT network. On 25 June 2003, SVT broadcast their first programme with 5.1 sound on DTT. The first 5.1-show was Allsång på Skansen. In November 2004, SVT added two audio streams that read the translation subtitles on SVT1 and SVT2. The knowledge-oriented channel Kunskapskanalen started broadcasting in September 2004. The shutdown of analogue transmitters started in 2005 on Gotland. By 2007 all analogue transmissions from SVT had ceased. SVT started VODcasting some programs in February 2006. Altogether three broadcasters competed to be the first one to VODcast in Sweden. In the end, all three started in the same week. SVT made their first broadcasts in high definition television during the 2006 FIFA World Cup in a channel operated in co-operation with TV4 AB. Regular high definition broadcasting started in the SVT HD channel 22 October 2006. The first programme was the movie Lost in Translation, followed the next day by the 50th anniversary tribute to television in Sweden, which was the first live entertainment programme to be broadcast in high definition in Sweden. On 25 August 2008, a new set of logos were introduced on the network with Barnkanalen renamed to SVTB, 24 renamed back to SVT24 and SVT1 has carried Regionala Nyheter for the first time. SVT was the host broadcaster of the 1975, 1985, 1992, 2000, 2013 and 2016 Eurovision Song Contests. In 2018, the Riksdag voted to replace the traditional TV licensing system with a new public service fee based on taxation of personal income.[1] ProgrammingNewsNews programsNews programmes are an important part of SVT. Since 1972 there have been two main news programmes: Rapport and Aktuellt (translated "Report" and "Current [events]", respectively). The two news programmes had completely separate organizations, meaning a lot of duplicated coverage was provided. After some co-operation in the 1990s, the two programmes were allowed to merge in 2000 with the newly created SVT24 to form a single organization. The different programme names and identities were kept, however. Eventually, Rapport has become the main news programme, and Aktuellt will only broadcast one bulletin per day from autumn 2007. The main national news bulletins are Rapport at 18:00 and 19:30 CET and the more in-depth Aktuellt at 21:00. Additionally, news bulletins are shown in the mornings and throughout the day on SVT1, SVT2, and SVT24. These use the 'SVT Nyheter' brand. SVT also broadcast video news on the Internet through a service called Play Rapport. SVT provides news programs in various minority languages: Uutiset in Finnish, Nyhetstecken in Swedish Sign Language, and, in co-operation with NRK and Yle, Ođđasat in Northern Sami, and special editions of Sverige idag in Meänkieli and Romani.[9] SVT also provides regional news bulletins at 18:10, 19:15 and 21:45 CET:
Political standingIn 1999, 33 percent of the journalists on SVT and SR supported the Left Party, which was about the same as journalists in commercial broadcasting and print media, but significantly more than among the general public, among whom 15 percent supported the Left Party. Support for the Left Party, the Green Party and the Liberal Party was stronger among journalists on SVT and SR than the general public, while the Moderate Party, the Social Democrats and the Christian Democrats had significantly less support among SVT and SR journalists than the public.[10] However, the study concluded that the private political opinions of the journalists had little impact on their work and that news stories are treated the same regardless of the political color of the journalist,[10] worth mentioning as well is that SJF, the organisation in which the study was conducted partly is a unionbased organisation which could skew the accuracy of the representation within the selection (lessening the validity of the survey) as it is possible it excludes some rightwing journalists. The University of Gothenburg also made another study during the Swedish 2006 general election, comparing SVT's news programme Rapport to the country's five largest newspapers. The study concluded that Rapport's coverage of the election was the most balanced of them all.[11] EntertainmentEntertainment shows on Fridays and Saturdays are, together with popular sports, the programmes that attract the largest audiences.
Sveriges Television hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1985, 1992, 2000, 2013, and 2016, and also as a part of Sveriges Radio hosted the 1975 contest. DramaSVT produces drama in several genres and forms.
Regional programmingRegional content is almost solely restricted to news which is broadcast several times every weekday on SVT1 and SVT2. The eighteen news programmes are: ABC, Blekingenytt, GävleDala, Hallandsnytt, Jämtlandsnytt, Jönköpingsnytt, Mittnytt, Nordnytt, Smålandsnytt, Sydnytt, Tvärsnytt, Uppland, Värmlandsnytt, Västerbottensnytt, Västmanlandsnytt, Västnytt and Östnytt. The main regional news bulletins are broadcast at 18.30 weeknights and last for up to 13 minutes long. There is an additional regional news bulletin at the end of SVT2's Aktuellt. Regional news does not air on Saturdays. ChildrenKalles klätterträd ran on Sveriges Television starting in 1975 and grew to become one of the most popular children's programs of the 1970s. The children's strand Bolibompa broadcast every day at 18:00 on SVT1, before moving to SVTB in August 2008. Foreign programmingSVT also airs foreign programming, primarily from the United States, United Kingdom and other Nordic countries, in their original audio with Swedish subtitles, as is the case on other Nordic television channels.[9] The only cases in which dubbing is widespread is in programming aimed directly at children who are not expected to have learned reading skills yet. However for some programmes, viewers may also access 'talking subtitles' through their remote where someone reads the subtitles to viewers (though 'talking subtitles' are not strictly in sync with the original audio as dubbing is). These same practices are also done for segments of local programmes that contain foreign language dialogue. 33% of the national first-time broadcasts consisted of foreign content in 2005. Of all acquired programming (including Swedish programming not produced by SVT) 27% came from the United States, 22% from the United Kingdom, 13% from Sweden, 13% from the other Nordic countries, 6% from France, 4% from Germany and 9% from the rest of Europe.[12] SVT often cooperates with the other Nordic public broadcasters via Nordvision. Thus, many Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Finnish programming air on SVT, while DR, NRK, YLE, KVF and RÚV show Swedish programmes. When there is major breaking news out of Denmark however, SVT may also source live coverage from TV2. ChannelsSVT has five regular channels broadcasting to Sweden:
In addition to these channels, SVT has a special events channel called SVT Extra. It is generally unused and was (as of 2006) last used for live coverage during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. In 2006, SVT launched a high-definition channel called SVT HD, simulcasting HD versions of programmes on the other SVT channels. All channels, except SVT1 HD and SVT2 HD, are available in most of Sweden through the digital terrestrial television network and encrypted from Thor and Sirius satellites. Until September 2005, both SVT1 and SVT2 were available nationwide via analogue terrestrial transmitters. Cable networks are required to broadcast four SVT channels for free in either digital or analogue form. SVT World, a mix of the SVT channels, is broadcast on satellite and worldwide via IPTV, and also as a terrestrial channel in Swedish-speaking areas of southern Finland. For rights reasons, SVT World does not show acquired material, such as movies, sport, or English language programming. SVT1, SVT2, Barnkanalen, SVT24, and Kunskapskanalen are also available through DTT on Åland[13] and can be distributed on Finnish cable networks. In Ostrobothnia, Finland, SVT1, SVT2, SVTB and SVT24 are transmitted through DTT as pay TV to the Swedish-speaking population. The signals from the terrestrial transmitters in Sweden can be received in some areas of Denmark and Norway as well as in northernmost Finland near Sweden. With special equipment reception of Swedish terrestrial transmitters is possible even on some parts of the Finnish coast as well as the Polish and German coast closest to Sweden. Cable networks in the Nordic countries generally redistribute SVT1 and SVT2 often for an additional monthly subscription charge in addition to the subscriber's main package. Some Nordic hotels, especially in Denmark and Norway, also offer SVT1 or SVT2 to guests. SVT considers their website, svt.se, a channel in its own right. SVT also provides an on-demand service called SVT Play through which most of the programmes produced for SVT and air on its channels are available. However most non-news and non-current event programmes on SVT Play are only available for viewing in Sweden. OrganizationThe executive management of SVT is handled by a CEO, appointed by the board. The CEO of SVT is currently Hanna Stjärne who took over the role from Eva Hamilton in 2015. The Chairman of the Board is Lars Engqvist, deputy Prime Minister of the previous Social Democratic government. SVT is divided into eight operative programme-producing units - four of these are located in Stockholm while the other four are located around the country at regional studios and are based on the ten regional transmission areas which were merged in 2000:
These four district areas produce networked output and co-ordinate ten of the eleven regional news services broadcast daily on SVT1. The Stockholm-based units are:
Chair of the Board of Directors{{Expand section|date=June 2008}}
Chief executive officersBefore Sveriges Television was formed in 1978, television broadcasting was controlled by channel controllers. Nils Erik Baehrentz was the controller between 1958-1968. He was succeeded by Håkan Unsgaard who became TV1's controller in 1968 and Örjan Wallquist who became the TV2 controller in 1969.
When Sam Nilsson retired, the executive chair was split between a CEO and a Programme Officer. This position was abolished in 2007.
ViewingSince the arrival of commercial television, SVT's combined viewing share has declined steadily and digital channels have also provided competition. The commercial TV4 became the most watched station in 1995 and maintained its position until 2002, when SVT1 regained the status. TV4 became the most watched channel again 2006. The combined viewing share of the SVT channels declined from 50% in 1997 to 40% in 2005. However, SVT remains the most watched network in Sweden with a share of 38.3% in 2006, although all three major commercial channels attract a higher share of 15- to 24-year-olds than the two SVT channels combined.[14] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|lang=sv|url=https://www.regeringen.se/regeringens-politik/medier/ny-avgift-ersatter-radio--och-tv-avgiften--fragor-och-svar/|title=Ny avgift ersätter radio- och tv-avgiften – frågor och svar|trans-title=New fee replaces the radio and TV fee — questions and answers|website=regeringen.se|publisher=Regeringskansliet|date=2018-11-14|accessdate=2018-11-25}} 2. ^{{Citation|title=Television i Sverige - Ägande och struktur|year=1996|page=7|publisher=Ministry of Culture}} 3. ^1 2 {{Citation|title=Television i Sverige - Ägande och struktur|year=1996|page=8|publisher=Ministry of Culture}} 4. ^{{Citation|title=Television i Sverige - Ägande och struktur|year=1996|page=9|publisher=Ministry of Culture}} 5. ^{{Citation|last=Larsson|first=Sören|authorlink=Sören Larsson|title=Allt hände i Aktuellt - 40 år på en nyhetsredaktion|publisher=Sveriges Radios förlag|year=1998|isbn=91-522-1806-6|pages=87–94}} 6. ^{{Citation|last=Larsson|first=Sören|authorlink=Sören Larsson|title=Allt hände i Aktuellt - 40 år på en nyhetsredaktion|publisher=Sveriges Radios förlag|year=1998|isbn=91-522-1806-6|pages=115–116}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dn.se/arkiv/teater/svart-med-nya-kanalnamn-rattelse-tack-for-att-nytt-om/|title=Svårt med nya kanalnamn|publisher=Dagens Nyheter|date=8 January 1996}} 8. ^{{Citation|title=Television i Sverige - Ägande och struktur|year=1996|page=10|publisher=Ministry of Culture}} 9. ^1 Hult, F.M. (2010). Swedish Television as a mechanism for language planning and policy. Language Problems and Language Planning, 34(2), 158-181. 10. ^1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20061106194632/http://www.jmg.gu.se/pdf/jmgdata/journalist2000.pdf JMGdata 2000 Journalisternas partisympatier] 11. ^Dagens Nyheter, June 9 2006 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804231212/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=572&a=551058&previousRenderType=2 |date=August 4, 2007 }} 12. ^SVT Årsredovisning 2005 page 28 (in Swedish) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930055242/http://svt.se/content/1/c6/07/20/42/SVT_05_Webb.pdf |date=September 30, 2007 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotv.aland.fi/presentation.con?iPage=6&m=46|title=Utsändningar|publisher=Ålands radio/tv|accessdate=2007-07-29 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070622043442/http://www.radiotv.aland.fi/presentation.con?iPage=6&m=46 |archivedate = 2007-06-22}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mms.se/arsrapp/%C5rsrapport%202006.pdf |format=PDF |title=Årsrapport 2006 |publisher=Mms.se |date= |accessdate= |df= }} External links{{Commons category}}
9 : Publicly funded broadcasters|Sveriges Television|Swedish television networks|European Broadcasting Union members|Commercial-free television networks|Swedish companies established in 1956|Television channels and stations established in 1956|Television in Sweden|1956 establishments in Sweden |
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