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词条 Swadlincote
释义

  1. History

  2. Governance

  3. Geography

  4. Economy

  5. Transport

  6. Education

  7. Amenities

  8. Accent and dialect

  9. Notable people

  10. Notes

  11. Sources

  12. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}{{Use British English|date=September 2017}}{{Infobox UK place
|official_name= Swadlincote
|local_name= Swad
|static_image_name= Hill St Swadlincote.jpg
|static_image_caption= Hill Street looking towards High Street, Swadlincote's main shopping street
|coordinates = {{coord|52.774|-1.557|display=inline,title}}
|os_grid_reference= SK2919
|population= 32,219
|population_ref= [1] (2011)
|civil_parish= unparished
|shire_district=South Derbyshire
|shire_county=Derbyshire
|region= East Midlands
|country= England
|post_town= Swadlincote
|postcode_area= DE
|postcode_district= DE11
|dial_code= 01283
|constituency_westminster= South Derbyshire
|website=
}}{{ listen|filename=Swadlincote.ogg|title=Pronounced|description = (listen)}}

Swadlincote is an English town in Derbyshire, near the borders with Leicestershire and Staffordshire, about {{convert|5|mi|0}} south-east of Burton-upon-Trent, {{convert|5|mi|0}} north-west of Ashby-de-la-Zouch and {{convert|12.5|mi|0}} due south of Derby. It is an unparished area in the South Derbyshire district, of which it is the largest town and administrative centre. Swadlincote also covers the districts of Newhall, Oversetts and Midway, and the contiguous villages of Church Gresley and Woodville. Their combined population is about 36,000.[2] Castle Gresley lies less than {{convert|2|mi|0}} to the south-west and Albert Village {{convert|1.5|mi|0}} to the south, within Leicestershire.

History

Swadlincote's name is derived from the Old English {{lang|ang|Swartlings Cottas}}, {{lang|ang|Swartling}} being a man's name and {{lang|ang|cottas}} meaning cottages.[3] Past forms of the name include Sivardingescote and Swartlincote.[4] Local residents sometimes shorten its name to "Swad".

The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded Swadlincote as a small manor. It was part of the parish of Gresley (latterly Church Gresley) until the 19th century.[4][5][6]

The first record of mineral extraction in the area is from the end of the 13th century, but the area remained rural until the industrialisation in the 18th century. The presence of coal and clay in the area led to urbanisation as collieries, brickworks and potteries came to dominate Swadlincote. These industries continued to expand until the Second World War.[7] In Alexandra Road one traditional bottle-shaped kiln survives.[8]

The fireclay strata in the coal measures has a high alumina content. Swadlincote is one of only six places in Great Britain with clay deposits of such quality. The high alumina content makes it particularly suitable for salt glazing. The properties of the clay mean that it is easily formed into pipes that are resistant to sewage. The Public Health Act 1875 created a huge demand for locally produced pipes.[9]

Emmanuel Church of England parish church is a Gothic Revival building consecrated in 1846.[5] It was designed by H. I. Stevens and completed in 1848.[8] Swadlincote also had a Wesleyan chapel by then.[5] Today the town has also the Roman Catholic church of Saints Peter and Paul.

The town's first local-government organization was formed in 1871 with the creation of Swadlincote District local board of health.[10] Its area consisted of three civil parishes: Church Gresley, Stanton and Newhall and Swadlincote. Under the terms of the Local Government Act 1894, this became Swadlincote and District Urban District, renamed Swadlincote Urban District in 1951. In 1974 the urban district was merged with Repton Rural District and part of South East Derbyshire Rural District to form the present South Derbyshire District.[11]

The urban district council was granted a coat of arms in 1947, in a design that reflected how Swadlincote was formed of part of the ancient parish of Church Gresley. Around the edge of the shield was a bordure or border in a "vairy" pattern of red and ermine, from the arms of the Gresley family, who took their name from the parish. The dedication of Gresley parish church to Saint George and Saint Mary was represented by their symbols: a cross and fleur de lys respectively. The quartered ermine and red field of the shield was taken from the arms of the Stanhope family, Earls of Harrington. The Tudor roses were taken from the arms of Derbyshire County Council. Above the arms was a crest depicting a human arm holding a billet or: a yellow brick for the local brick-making industry. The arm rose from flames, indicative of mining of fireclay and coal. The Latin motto adopted: {{lang|la|E terra divitiæ}} ("Riches from the earth") also referred to the mineral industries of Swadlincote.[12] The current arms of South Derbyshire District Council, which bear the motto "The Earth Our Wealth" and also reflect this heritage.

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s the town's Rink venue (now demolished and the site of industrial units) hosted to major British and American pop stars. Gene Vincent appeared on 7 September 1963, and Ringo Starr in 1962, while he was the drummer for Rory Storm and the Hurricanes.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}}

Governance

Swadlincote consists of four of the 17 wards of South Derbyshire District, returning 11 out of the 36 district councillors. The wards are: Church Gresley (two councillors), Newhall and Stanton (three), Midway (three) and Swadlincote (three). Of the eleven elected in 2007, ten are members of the Labour Party, and one a Conservative.[13]

Swadlincote forms part of the South Derbyshire parliamentary constituency. Between 1997 and 2010 its MP was Mark Todd (Labour). In the 2010 General Election, the seat was won by the Conservative Party candidate Heather Wheeler, an ex-leader of the Conservative group on South Derbyshire District Council. A notable previous MP is Edwina Currie (Conservative). Until 1983 the area was part of the Belper constituency.[11]

Geography

The town is located in an area of Leicestershire and South Derbyshire noted for its coal, and the landscape is characterised by shallow valleys and ridges, being shaped particularly by the mining which once dominated the area. Swadlincote is also sited within the National Forest, and there has been significant tree planting around Gresley Common, Swadlincote Woodlands and Church Gresley. [14]

The suburbs of Newhall and Stanton to the north-west of the town lie along the Burton upon Trent and Swadlincote Green Belt, in place to stop uncontrolled development which could have caused Swadlincote to merge in time with Burton-on-Trent. The majority of the green belt lies in Derbyshire, with small tracts within Staffordshire.[15]

Economy

The town originally had a prominent manufacturing heritage that made pipes and earthenware etc. It was the centre of the South Derbyshire coalfield but mining ceased in the early 1990s when Rawdon Colliery closed in 1993. Light manufacturing and service companies are sited on large industrial estates.

Swadlincote has a moderate-sized town centre, typical of the Midlands, containing national chain stores such as Boots UK and small local businesses. It had a branch of Somerfield before the Co-operative Group took over the chain in 2009. Swadlincote had a Woolworths until the chain ceased trading in 2009. Alworths took over Woolworths' former Swadlincote branch but this too closed.[16] The opening of a large Morrisons store on Coppice Side has been blamed as a factor behind the closure of several small independent shops in the town.[17] The shops that lined West Street and High Street from 1901 had disappeared by the early 21st century.[18] Hepworth Retail Park is a fairly modern development with a restaurant, cinema and various shops.

Plans were announced in 2008 for the development of a retail complex consisting of a cinema, DIY store and a nationally recognised clothing store.[19] A link road called Sir Herbert Wragg Way has been built, named after the area's mid-20th century Member of Parliament and pipe-yard owner.

A pub bar and restaurant opened on the former Empire Cinema site in April 2007. It was named The Paramount after Paramount Cars, a manufacturer based in the town in the 1950s.[20] The pub closed in June 2013.

Transport

Swadlincote is near the junction of the A514 (Derby to A444) and A511 (Burton-upon-Trent to Ashby-de-la-Zouch) roads.

In 1804 the Ashby Canal opened, with its northern terminus was at Moira, Leicestershire. Also built were tramways to carry coal and ceramics from Swadlincote and elsewhere to the canal for shipment.[5][6]

The Midland Railway opened its Leicester to Burton upon Trent Line in 1845, with Gresley railway station to serve the area. The company later built a branch with two stations through both Swadlincote itself and also the neighbouring village of Woodville. In 1947 passenger services were withdrawn from both lines, and British Railways closed Gresley railway station in 1964. Swadlincote remains one of the UK's largest towns without a railway station.

Today the nearest railway station is {{rws|Burton-on-Trent}}, some {{convert|5|mi}} away. The Leicester to Burton upon Trent Line remains open for goods traffic and in the 1990s there was a plan to restart the passenger service as the second phase of Leicestershire's Ivanhoe Line.[21] However, the plan was shelved after the privatisation of British Rail and has not been revived.

Swadlincote is served by the Arriva Midlands and Midland Classic bus companies.[22][23]

Swadlincote is also on National Cycle Network Route 63. Although currently under development, the route is signed from Civic Way through to Church Gresley via Maurice Lea Park with onward links to the heart of the National Forest.

Education

Schools in Swadlincote include Granville Academy at Woodville, William Allitt School at Newhall, Pennine Way Junior School in Church Gresley, Belmont and Springfield Junior Schools and The Pingle Academy on Coronation Street, which with 1,500 pupils is Swadlincote's largest secondary school.

The closest university is the University of Derby, 18 miles (29 km) to the north, with Staffordshire University's Lichfield campus an equal distance to the south-west.

Amenities

The main attractions in Swadlincote are local parks, such as Maurice Lea at Church Gresley and Eureka, Green Bank Leisure Centre, a large dry ski slope, and a '50s American Diner, said to be the largest such establishment in the UK.[24] All are within easy reach of the town centre. The creation of the Swadlincote Woodlands Forest Park has introduced a recreational area with forest trails and more than 22,000 trees. It is also the proposed site for the Pipeworks arts and media project, a registered charity-based community theatre and media production facility.

The town's one museum is devoted to its pottery heritage.[25] There is a café and the town's Tourist Information Centre there. Gresley F.C., formerly Gresley Rovers, is a semi-professional football team based at Moat Street, Church Gresley.

Local youth organisations include No 1211 (Swadlincote) Squadron of the Air Training Corps in Eureka Park.[26]

Accent and dialect

The area around Swadlincote has historically had a distinct dialect.[27][28] It shares terms and pronunciations common in the East Midlands, notably Burton-upon-Trent and Derby.

Recently, people have been moving to the town from south Staffordshire (Tamworth, Rugeley, Lichfield, etc.), who use Swadlincote as a dormitory site, working elsewhere. This West Midlands dialect can be heard alongside the traditional one.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}

Notable people

In birth order:

  • George Stanhope (1660–1728), royal chaplain and promoter of church building, was born at Hartshorne near Swadlincote.
  • Henry Isaac Stevens (1806–1873), architect, designed Emmanuel Church in Swadlincote.
  • George Lloyd (1820–1885), archaeologist and cleric, was curate of Church Gresley in the 1860s.
  • Helen Allingham (née Paterson, 1848–1926), watercolourist and illustrator, was born to a Swadlincote doctor's family.
  • John Hulme (1862–1940), county cricketer, was born in Church Gresley.
  • J. Thomas Looney, (1870–1944), scholar who advanced the "Oxford wrote Shakespeare" theory, died in Swadlincote.
  • Arthur Archer (1874–1940), professional footballer, played also for Swadlincote Town FC.
  • Ben Warren (1879–1917), England international footballer, was born in Newhall.[29]
  • George H. Widdows (1881–1976), schools architect, designed the Grade II listed Springfield Junior School in Swadlincote.
  • John Heath (1891–1972), was a first-class and international cricketer born in Swadlincote.
  • George Harrison (1892–1939), professional footballer and publican, was born and died in Church Gresley.
  • Frederick Heath (1894–1967), first-class cricketer, was born in Swadlincote.
  • Lew Bradford (1916–1984), professional footballer, was born in Swadlincote.
  • Douglas Meakin (1929–1998), first-class cricketer
  • Bobby Mason (born 1936), professional footballer, lives in Swadlincote.
  • Alan Jackson (born 1938), professional footballer and schoolteacher, was born in Swadlincote.
  • Jack Bodell (1940–2016), British heavyweight boxing champion, was born in Newhall.[30]
  • John Hurt (1940–2017), actor, lived in Woodville from the ages of five to twelve. His father was vicar of St Stephen's parish church.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
  • John Bloor (born 1943), owner of Bloor Homes and Triumph Motorcycles Ltd[31]
  • Joe Jackson (born 1954), jazz-rock musician and singer-songwriter, spent the first year of his life in Swadlincote.
  • Andrew Bridgen (born 1964), Conservative politician, attended The Pingle School in Swadlincote.
  • Deborah Haywood (born 1970), award-winning film director, notably for her feature film Pin Cushion
  • Luke Simpkin (born 1979), is a Swadlincote-based light heavyweight professional boxer.
  • Marc Goodfellow (born 1981), professional footballer, was born in Swadlincote.
  • Carl Dickinson (born 1987) is a Swadlincote-born professional footballer playing for Yeovil Town.
  • Harry Ward (born 1997), professional darts player, was born in Swadlincote.
  • Lewis White (born 2000), Paralympic, S9 swimming champion, was born in Swadlincote.

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/south-derbyshire-e07000039#sthash.s5iS5pJ4.dpbs |title=South Derbyshire - UK Census Data 2011 |first=Good Stuff IT |last=Services |website=UK Census Data}}
2. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.south-derbys.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/04193EA4-513E-4631-AF70-D7CD11D47605/0/Section2ProfileoftheDistrictandtheCouncil.pdf |title=Profile of the District and Council |date= |work= |publisher=South Derbyshire District Council|accessdate=14 December 2007}}{{Dead link |date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Derbyshire/Swadlincote |title=Swadlincote |work=Key To English Place Names |publisher=English Place Name Society |accessdate=8 May 2012}}
4. ^1 Lysons & Lysons, 1817, pp. 165–172.
5. ^1 2 3 Lewis, 1848, pp. 280–283.
6. ^1 Lewis, 1848, pp. 338–340.
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.south-derbys.gov.uk/LeisureCulture/LocalHistoryHeritage/Swadlincote+-+A+Potted+History.htm |title=Swadlincote — a potted history |last= |first= |date= |work= |publisher=South Derbyshire District Council |accessdate=14 December 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071108113309/http://www.south-derbys.gov.uk/LeisureCulture/LocalHistoryHeritage/Swadlincote+-+A+Potted+History.htm |archivedate=8 November 2007 }}
8. ^1 Pevsner & Williamson, 1978, page 336
9. ^James Woodward Limited, Swadlincote; South Derbyshire District Council, 2003
10. ^{{cite book |series=Kelly's Directory |title=Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, and Leicestershire and Rutland |year=1895 |publisher= |location=London |page=355}}
11. ^1 {{cite book |last=Youngs, Jr |first=Frederick A |authorlink= |title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England |volume=II: Northern England |year=1991 |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |isbn= |pages=658–660}}
12. ^{{cite book |last=Scott-Giles |first=C. Wilfrid |authorlink=Wilfrid Scott-Giles |title=Civic Heraldry of England and Wales |year=1953 |publisher=J. M. Dent & Sons |location=London |page=not cited}}
13. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://general.south-derbys.gov.uk/Councillors/pcsearch.asp |title=Find your councillor |date= |work= |publisher=South Derbyshire District Council |accessdate=14 December 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20111014094951/http%3A//general.south%2Dderbys.gov.uk/councillors/pcsearch.asp |archivedate=14 October 2011 |df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite web |title=Local Development Framework |url=http://www.south-derbys.gov.uk/assets/attach/1581/Swadlincote%20Profile.pdf |website=www.south-derbys.gov.uk |publisher=South Derbyshire Council}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=South Derbyshire District Council – Community and Planning Services: South Derbyshire Local Plan PART 1 |url=http://www.south-derbys.gov.uk/assets/attach/1770/Local%20Plan%20Part%201%20Chapters%201%20-%204.pdf}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=Doomed store handed a brand new lease of life |url=http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Doomed-store-handed-a-brand-new-lease-of-life-10052011.htm |first=Helen |last=Kreft |newspaper=Burton Mail |publisher=Staffordshire Newspapers |date=11 May 2011 |accessdate=23 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928022039/http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Doomed-store-handed-a-brand-new-lease-of-life-10052011.htm |archive-date=28 September 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
17. ^{{cite news |title=Fears growing for town shops |first=Keith |last=Bull |url=http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/burtonmail-news/displayarticle.asp?id=70683 |newspaper=Burton Mail |date=12 January 2007 |accessdate=17 July 2008 }}{{Dead link |date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
18. ^A Century of Shopping in Swadlincote, 2011, pub. The Magic Attic
19. ^{{cite news |title=Town revamp plan revealed |first=Keith |last=Bull |url=http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/burtonmail-news/displayarticle.asp?id=256361 |newspaper=Burton Mail |date=14 February 2008 |accessdate=17 July 2008 }}{{Dead link |date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
20. ^{{cite news |title=New bar retains sense of history |first=Keith |last=Bull |url=http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/burtonmail-news/displayarticle.asp?id=76845 |newspaper=Burton Times |date=13 March 2007 |accessdate=17 July 2008 }}{{Dead link |date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/your_council/council_plans_policies/structure_plan/panel_report/panel_report_chapter_7.htm |title=Chapter 7 – Accessibility and Transport |accessdate=17 July 2008 |work=Structure Plan |publisher=Leicestershire County Council |year=2001 }}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.derbysbus.info/places_index/swadlincote.html |title=Public Transport in Derbyshire and the Peak District |accessdate=17 July 2008 |work= |publisher=Derbyshire County Council |date=}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.derbysbus.info/images/swdlncte.pdf |title=Swadlincote |accessdate=17 July 2008 |work=Derbyshire Public Transport Maps |publisher=Derbyshire County Council |date=}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.the50samericandiner.com |title=The 50s American Diner |publisher=The 50s American Diner |date= }}
25. ^Sharpe's Pottery Centre,
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.1211sqn.org.uk/index.php/about-1211-squadron.html |title=1211 (Swadlincote) Squadron |publisher=1211sqn.org.uk |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425051517/http://www.1211sqn.org.uk/index.php/about-1211-squadron.html |archivedate=25 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
27. ^{{cite web |author=BBC Derby |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/content/articles/2005/08/18/voices05_derbyshire_accent_feature.shtml |title=Discovering the Derbyshire Accent |date= |work= |publisher=BBC Online |accessdate=14 December 2007}}
28. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.landshapes.org/index.php?fuseaction=viewreference.main&reference=9A77C7D8&type_id=5&z_id=&pe_id=11&from=text&page_no=5 |title=Swadlincote dialect |date= |work=LANDshapes |publisher= |accessdate=14 December 2007}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.englandstats.com/playerreport.php?pid=1021 |title=Ben Warren's England profile |publisher=Englandstats.com |date= }}
30. ^{{Cite journal |last=Hack |first=Billy |date=10 November 1971 |title='The Name of the Game is Money' |url=http://www.banmarchive.org.uk/collections/7days/3/issue3-sport.pdf |journal=7 Days |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=16 |via=Amiel Melburn Trust Internet Archive}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/business/manufacturing/birmingham-post-rich-list-2014-6534091 |title=Birmingham Post Rich List 2014: No.7 - John Bloor (£520m) |first=Birmingham |last=Post |date=23 January 2014 |publisher=}}

Sources

  • {{cite book |editor1-last=Lewis |editor1-first=Samuel |editor1-link=Samuel Lewis (publisher) |title=A Topographical Dictionary of England |edition=Seventh |origyear=1848 |year=1931 |publisher=Samuel Lewis |location=London |pages=280–283, 338–340}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Lysons |first1=Daniel |authorlink1=Daniel Lysons (antiquarian) |last2=Lysons |first2=Samuel |authorlink2=Samuel Lysons |title=Magna Britannia |volume=5: Derbyshire |year=1817 |publisher= |location= |pages=165–172}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |author1-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |last2=Williamson |first2=Elizabeth |series=The Buildings of England |title=Derbyshire |origyear=1953 |year=1978 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Harmondsworth |isbn=0-14-071008-6 |page=336}}

External links

{{Commons category|Swadlincote}}
  • {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Swadlincote |volume=26 |short=x}}
  • {{cite web |author= |url=http://www.south-derbys.gov.uk/business/town_centres/swadlincote/default.asp |title=Swadlincote |date= |work=Business & Investment: Town Centres |publisher=South Derbyshire District Council |accessdate=9 February 2010}}
  • {{cite web |author= |url=http://www.swad.com |title=Swadlincote - Local Information |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=}}
  • {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Swadlincote |year=1905 |short=x}}
{{Derbyshire}}

2 : Towns in Derbyshire|South Derbyshire District
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