| 词条 | Rachel Cliff (politician) |
| 释义 |
| name = Rachel Cliff | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1806 | birth_place = New Jersey | death_date = June 28, 1885 | death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | nationality = American | other_names = | occupation = Janitress | known_for = Delegate to 1855 Colored Convention | spouse = Isaac Cliff | partner = | children = John Cliff | parents = | relatives = }}Rachel Cliff (1806-1885) was one of two women to serve as an official delegate to the Philadelphia meeting of the 1855 Colored Convention, along with Elizabeth Armstrong.[1] She worked as a "janitrix", or janitress, in Philadelphia.[2] Early lifeRachel Cliff was born in New Jersey, the home-state of both of her parents, in 1806.[3] She moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and married Isaac Cliff, a barber.[4] ActivismCliff was involved with the Colored Conventions Movement, a movement composed of free and fugitive African Americans that sought to advance African American rights in law, labor, and education.[5] 1855 Colored National ConventionCliff was a delegate at the 1855 National Colored Convention in Philadelphia, one in a series of conventions comprising the Colored Conventions Movement. She was one of only two female delegates from Pennsylvania.[6] During the 1855 convention, delegates discussed the creation of an Industrial School for African Americans, heard a report from the Committee on Mechanical Branches among the Colored People of the Free States, and issued an address on behalf of those held in slavery.[6] Personal lifeRachel Cliff had a son, John Cliff, in 1839 or 1840. Rachel Cliff was married to Isaac Cliff, who predeceased her.[2] Rachel was widowed some time before 1874, when she is listed in the Philadelphia City Directory as a "janitrix," a female janitor.[7] She was later listed as keeping house with two of her nephews, a musician and a waiter, in 1880.[8] DeathRachel Cliff died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 28, 1885 at the 24th Ward Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Persons and was interred on June 30 in Lebanon Cemetery.[9] References1. ^{{Cite web| title = National Negro Convention Movement (1831-1864)| work = The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed| accessdate = April 26, 2014| year = 2011| url = http://www.blackpast.org/aah/national-negro-convention-movement-1831-1864}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cliff, Rachel}}2. ^1 {{Cite web| title = Rachel Cliff · 1855 Philadelphia National Colored Convention| work = Colored Conventions - Fringing 19th-Century Black Organizing to Digital Life| accessdate = April 26, 2014| url = http://coloredconventions.org/exhibits/show/1855/delegates/rachel-cliff1}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Ancestry.com|url=http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=1880usfedcen&rank=1&new=1&MSAV=0&msT=1&gss=angs-d&gsfn=Rachel&gsln=Cliff&msbpn__ftp=New+Jersey&msrpn__ftp=Philadelphia%2c+PA&dbOnly=_83004005%7c_83004005_x%2c_83004006%7c_83004006_x%2c_F000686E%7c_F000686E_x&uidh=ub2&pcat=35&fh=1&h=289193&recoff=&ml_rpos=2|accessdate=April 26, 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Ancestry.com|url=http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=0&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Isaac+&gsln=Cliff&msdpn__ftp=Philadelphia%2c+PA&msrpn__ftp=Philadelphia%2c+PA&uidh=ub2&_83004003-n_xcl=f&pcat=DIR_CITY&h=180328226&db=USDirectories&indiv=1&ml_rpos=2|accessdate=April 26, 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web|last=Colored Conventions|title=About the Colored Conventions|url=http://coloredconventions.org/|accessdate=April 26, 2014}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Proceedings of the Colored National Convention|url=http://www.coloredconventions.org/items/show/281|date=October 16–18, 1855|accessdate=April 26, 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Ancestry.com|url=http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?new=1&gsfn=Rachel&gsln=cliff&rank=1&gss=angs-g&mswpn__ftp=Philadelphia%2c+Philadelphia%2c+Pennsylvania%2c+USA&mswpn=15153&mswpn_PInfo=8-%7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3244%7c41%7c0%7c2341%7c15153%7c0%7c&msbdy=1806&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=176370685&db=USDirectories&indiv=1&ml_rpos=7|accessdate=April 26, 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web|last=Ancestry.com|url=http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?new=1&gsfn=Rachel&gsln=cliff&rank=1&gss=angs-g&mswpn__ftp=Philadelphia%2c+Philadelphia%2c+Pennsylvania%2c+USA&mswpn=15153&mswpn_PInfo=8-%7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3244%7c41%7c0%7c2341%7c15153%7c0%7c&msbdy=1806&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=289193&db=1880usfedcen&indiv=1&ml_rpos=2|accessdate=April 26, 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web|last=Ancestry.com|title=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Death Certificates Index, 1803-1915|url=http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=0&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=rachel+&gsln=cliff&mswpn__ftp=philadelphia%2c+pa&msbdy=1806&MSFMC=1&uidh=ub2&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2255714&recoff=6+7&db=FSPhilPADeath&indiv=1&ml_rpos=1|accessdate=April 26, 2014}} 4 : African-American people|Colored Conventions people|1806 births|1885 deaths |
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