| 词条 | Swedish Navy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|unit_name=Swedish Royal Navy |image=Marinen vapen bra.svg |image_size=150px |caption=Coat of arms of the Swedish Navy. |start_date={{start date and age|df=yes|1522|6|7}} |country={{Flag|Sweden}} |allegiance= |branch= |type= |role= |size= |command_structure= Swedish Armed Forces |garrison= Karlskrona Gothenburg Berga |garrison_label= |equipment= 7 corvettes 9 mine countermeasure vessel 5 diesel submarines 14 patrol vessels 147 Gunboats other auxiliary vessels |equipment_label= |nickname= |motto= |colors= |colors_label= |march= Kungliga Flottans paradmarsch by Wagner |mascot= |battles=Swedish War of Liberation (1510-23) Count's Feud (1534-36) Russo-Swedish War (1554–57) Nordic Seven Years' War (1563-70) Russo-Swedish War (1590–95) Polish–Swedish War (1600–29) Ingrian War (1610–1617) Kalmar War (1611-13) Thirty Years' War (1630–1648) Torstenson War (1643-45) Second Nordic War (1657-60) Scanian War (1675-79) Great Nordic War (1700-1721) Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) Seven Years' War (1756-1763) Russo-Swedish War (1788–90) First Barbary War (1801–1802) War of the Fourth Coalition (1805–1810) Finnish War (1808–1809) Dano-Swedish War of 1808-1809 Swedish-Norwegian War (1814) Cold War (1970 - 1991) War in Afghanistan 2002 - ongoing Operation Atalanta 2008 – ongoing |anniversaries= 9 July (Battle of Svensksund) |decorations= |battle_honours= |current_commander=Rear Admiral Jens Nykvist |current_commander_label= Chief of Navy |ceremonial_chief= |ceremonial_chief_label= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |colonel_of_the_regiment_label= |notable_commanders= |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label= Naval Ensign and Jack |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label= Naval Ensign 1844–1905 |identification_symbol_3= |identification_symbol_3_label= Naval Ensign 1815–1844 }} The Swedish Royal Navy ({{lang-sv|Svenska marinen}}) is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.[1] It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Royal Fleet (Kungliga Flottan) – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren). In Swedish, vessels of the Swedish Navy are given the prefix "HMS," short for Hans/Hennes majestäts skepp (His/Her Majesty's Ship). In English, this is often changed to "HSwMS" ("His Swedish Majesty's Ship") to differentiate Swedish vessels from those of the British Royal Navy.[2] HistoryEarly Swedish kings ({{circa}} 9th–14th centuries) organised a Swedish Royal Navy along the coastline through ledungen. This involved combined rowing and sailing ships (without artillery). This system became obsolete with the development of society and changes in military technology. No later than in the 14th century, the duty to serve in ledungen was replaced by a tax. In 1427, when Sweden was still part of the Kalmar Union (with Denmark and Norway), Swedish warships did however participate in the naval battle of Öresund (the Sound) against the Hanseatic League. It is unclear how this force was organised and exactly on what basis. On 7 June 1522, one year after the separation of Sweden from the Kalmar Union, Gustav Vasa purchased a number of ships from the Hanseatic town of Lübeck. Official Swedish histories since the 19th century have often recorded this day as the birth of the current Swedish Navy. The museum ship {{ship||Vasa|ship|2}} in Stockholm was a 17th-century ship of the Royal Swedish Navy (Kungliga flottan). The Amphibious Corps dates back to 1 January 1902, when a separate "Coastal Artillery" (Kustartilleriet) was established, and Marinen came into use as the name of the service as a whole. The last decade of the 20th century saw the abandonment of the coastal fortifications and the force became a more regular{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} marine corps, renamed Amphibious Corps (Amphibious Corps) in 2000. For most of the twentieth century the Swedish Navy focused on the threat of a full-scale invasion of Sweden via the Baltic and on protecting commercial shipping. Sweden's location on the Scandinavian peninsula makes it highly dependent of maritime trade: 90% imports and exports enter or leave Sweden through the Baltic. In 1972 the government decreed that non-military measures should be used to protect merchant shipping. The resolution led to the de-commissioning of all the navy's destroyers and frigates, though the non-military measures the government intended to use to protect shipping have never been specified. The navy first participated in a UN-led peacekeeping mission in October 2006 when the corvette {{HSwMS|Gävle}} began performing coastal surveillance duties for the United Nations Mission in Lebanon. HSwMS Gävle was relieved by {{HSwMS|Sundsvall|K24|6}}, which returned to Sweden in September 2007. {{HSwMS|Malmö|K12|6}}, {{HSwMS|Stockholm|K11|6}}, and {{HSwMS|Trossö|A264|6}} took part in the EU-led EUNAVFOR operation (2008- ) off the coast of the Horn of Africa. In 2010, {{HSwMS|Carlskrona|P04|6}} was the EUNAVFOR flagship, housing the fleet headquarters led by RADM (LH)(Flottiljamiral) Jan Thörnqvist.[3]OrganizationUntil recently, the Navy was led by the Chief of the Navy (Chefen för marinen, CM), who was typically a Vice Admiral. This office has been eliminated, and the highest officer of the Navy is now the Chief of Navy (Marinchefen), Rear Admiral Jens Nykvist, who is the senior representative of the Swedish Navy’s combat forces. The Marine units use the same system of rank as the Army. Naval units
Amphibious units
Bases
Training units
EquipmentIn the decades following World War II, the Swedish Navy was organised around three light cruiser groups ({{HSwMS|Tre Kronor||2}}, {{HSwMS|Göta Lejon||2}} and {{HSwMS|Gotland|1933|2}}). In the early 1960s, a decision, known as Navy Plan 60 ({{lang-sv|Marinplan 60}}), was made to scrap the cruisers and move towards a larger fleet of smaller vessels. The last cruiser, Göta Lejon, was sold in 1970 to Chile, where she was renamed Almirante Latorre. The fleet at the time comprised some 24 destroyers and frigates for surface warfare (mainly in the Baltic Sea) and anti-submarine warfare. The Swedish Navy started to experiment with missiles, based on a recovered German V-2 rocket, as early as 1944. The main armament of the fleet was artillery and torpedoes for surface warfare and anti-submarine rockets for anti-submarine warfare. Helicopters (Alouette, Boeing Vertol) were introduced in the late 1950s and 1960s and this fleet air arm remained an integral part of the fleet and its operations until an independent helicopter arm was created in the 1990s. The 1972 decision made by the Government to decommission all destroyers and frigates within the next decade limited the Navy's endurance considerably, but the use of smaller short-range ships was at the time deemed adequate for anti-shipping missions along the coast and in the archipelago. In the 1980s, this assessment was proven wrong by repeated failures in anti-submarine warfare operations with inadequate ships and equipment. Today, the largest (surface) combat ships are corvettes which combine surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare and mine clearance functions with a better endurance and seaworthiness than the budget fleet from the 1980s. Since the 1980s, Swedish surface warships have been named after Swedish cities, while submarines are named after Swedish provinces and minehunters after Swedish lighthouses. The surface ships are mostly small, relying on agility and flexibility. Examples of these are the Stockholm and Göteborg-class corvettes. The Navy is currently taking into service the new, larger, {{sclass-|Visby|corvette|4}} of stealth corvettes. A new submarine class, {{sclass-|Gotland|submarine|5}}, similar to the older {{sclass-|Västergötland|submarine|5}}, was commissioned in 1998. Its air-independent Stirling engine enables submerged endurance never before seen in conventional submarines. Gotland has been on lease with crew and all to the US Navy and was based in San Diego. The Amphibious Battalion is built around the Stridsbåt 90H, a small combat boat capable of carrying 21 troops for fast transports and landings in the archipelago. It is also equipped with larger transport boats, but relies on the Army, Navy and Air Force for heavy transports and protection. Cooperation with the Royal Netherlands Navy is under investigation for Amphibious Warfare. The Swedish Armed Forces (Swedish: Försvarsmakten) operate three types of helicopters: NHIndustries NH90 (HKP14) (18 in service), AgustaWestland AW109 (HKP15) (20 in service) and Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk (HKP16) (15 in service). Eight of the AgustaWestland AW109 helicopters have been modified to be operational from the Visby-class corvettes and {{HSwMS|Carlskrona|P04|6}}. Nine of the NHIndustries NH90 helicopters are equipped with sonars and radars for anti-submarine warfare. Upcoming investmentsThe next generation of submarines, the A26 class, was ordered from Saab Technologies in 2015 and will join the navy starting 2022. The two units will replace the submarines of {{sclass-|Södermanland|submarine|4}}. In parallel, the {{sclass-|Gotland|submarine|4}} will undergo a mid-life upgrade. In 2017 a new intelligence ship to replace {{HSwMS|Orion|A201|6}} was ordered from Saab Technologies. The new ship is to be commissioned by 2020 and have a displacement of 2,300 tons. An additional 18 units of the Swedish version of the {{sclass2-|CB90|fast assault craft|1}} named Stridsbåt 90HSM, where "M" stands for "modernized", wlll be delivered to the Amphibious Corps during the end of 2018. Like previous versions, the units will be built at Dockstavarvet. Submarines
Surface vesselsCorvettes
Minesweepers
Patrol boats
Combat boats
Ocean patrol vessels
Signal intelligence vessels
Auxiliary vessels
Training ships
Commanders{{Main|Chief of Navy (Sweden)}}Chiefs of the Navy
Chiefs of Navy Staff
Inspectors General of the Navy
Inspectors of the Navy
Chiefs of Navy
See also{{commons}}
References1. ^Swedish Armed Forces: The Swedish Navy, accessed 8 July 2010 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aco.nato.int/a-day-on-board-hswms-kullen.aspx |title=A Day Aboard HSwMS Kullen |author=Allied Command Operations |publisher=NATO}} 3. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/Internationella-insatser/Eunavfor--Somalia/Nyheter/90-000-ton-humanitar-hjalp-sakrades-under-svensk-ledning/|publisher= Swedish Armed Forces |title= 90 000 ton humanitär hjälp säkrades under svensk ledning |language= sv |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100827131214/http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/Internationella-insatser/Eunavfor--Somalia/Nyheter/90-000-ton-humanitar-hjalp-sakrades-under-svensk-ledning/ |archivedate= 27 August 2010 }} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Patrullfartyg Stockholm|url=http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/information-och-fakta/materiel-och-teknik/sjo/patrullfartyg-stockholm/|website=Försvarsmakten|publisher=Försvarsmakte|accessdate=15 July 2017|ref=stockholmclass}} External links
1 : Swedish Navy |
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