| 词条 | RAF North Coates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = RAF North Coates | ensign = Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg | ensign_size = 90px | location = North Coates, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire | country = | image = Royal Air Force Coastal Command, 1939-1945. CH639.jpg | image_size = 300px | alt = Aircrew and Bristol Beaufort Mk Is of No. 22 Squadron at North Coates | caption = Aircrew and Bristol Beaufort Mk Is of No. 22 Squadron at North Coates | pushpin_map = Lincolnshire | pushpin_label = RAF North Coates | pushpin_map_alt = Location in Lincolnshire | pushpin_mapsize = 275 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Lincolnshire | coordinates = {{Coord|53|29|59.3|N|0|3|57.7|E|region:GB_type:airport|display=inline,title}} | type = | code = NC | site_area = | height = | ownership = | operator = Royal Flying Corps Royal Air Force | controlledby = | condition = Mainly returned to agricultural use; part occupied by North Coates Flying Club | built = {{Start date|1914}} | builder = | used = 1916–1919 1926–1990 | materials = | fate = Sold to private ownership | battles = First World War Second World War | events = | current_commander = | past_commanders = | garrison = | occupants =See list below | elevation = {{Convert|17|ft|abbr=on}} | IATA = | ICAO = EGYO | FAA = | TC = | LID = | GPS = | WMO = | r1-number = 07/25 | r1-length = {{Convert|4260|ft|abbr=on}} | r1-surface = Concrete (closed) | r2-number = NW/SE | r2-length = {{Convert|4380|ft|abbr=on}} | r2-surface = Grass (closed) | r3-number = 05/23 | r3-length = {{Convert|760|m|abbr=on}} | r3-surface = Grass (current) | website = {{URL|www.northcoatesflyingclub.co.uk}} }}RAF North Coates was a Royal Air Force station in Lincolnshire, England, six miles south-east of Cleethorpes, and close to the mouth of the Humber estuary. It was an active air station during World War I, and then again from the mid-1920s. Between 1942 and 1945, during the Second World War, it was the home of a Coastal Command Strike Wing, and from 1958 was a base for Bloodhound surface-to-air missiles, until closed in 1990.[1] World War IThe camp at North Coates Fitties[2] was opened by the army in 1914 and occupied by men of the Lincolnshire Regiment. In 1916 it was converted into a forward landing ground for aircraft from the Royal Flying Corps' No. 33 (Home Defence) Squadron, based at Brattleby, and tasked with coastal patrols in North Lincolnshire. From October 1918 it was occupied by No. 248 Squadron RAF, but after the armistice the airfield was gradually run down and eventually closed in March 1919, and the land was returned to its original owner.[1] Inter-war periodThe site was reacquired in 1926 to serve as a base for aircraft using the bombing range at nearby Donna Nook, and designated No. 2 Armament Practice Camp. The station also served as a training facility for observers and air gunners from 1936 up until the beginning of World War II.[1] World War IIFollowing the declaration of war on 3 September 1939, the training units were transferred elsewhere, and No. 2 Recruit Training Pool was formed at the airfield, followed by the Ground Defence Gunnery School in November. In February 1940 the station was transferred to No. 16 Group, Coastal Command, and was first occupied by No.'s 235, 236 and 248 Squadrons, flying the Blenheim in both bomber and long-range fighter variants, until April 1940. North Coates was then occupied by a number of Coastal Command squadrons over the next two years, mostly RAF, but including Fleet Air Arm and Royal Canadian Air Force units, flying a variety of aircraft, mainly Beaufort and Hudson light bombers, but also Hampden and Swordfish torpedo bombers, Avro Anson reconnaissance aircraft and Maryland light bombers.[1] North Coates Strike WingIn September 1942 it became the base for the North Coates Strike Wing[1] formed from No.'s 143, 236 and 254 Squadrons, flying the Beaufighter in the heavy fighter, bomber, and "Torbeau" torpedo bomber variants, tasked with attacking enemy shipping in the North Sea.[3] The first operation of the Strike Wing took place on 20 November 1942 when Beaufighters from No's. 236 and 254 Squadrons took off to attack a convoy of twelve to sixteen ships heading towards Rotterdam. The weather was poor, the squadrons lost contact with each other, and the convoy was protected by Fw 190 fighters. As a result, only three enemy ships were damaged, but three Beaufighters were shot down and four so badly damaged that they crashed or made forced landings.[4] The Strike Wing was promptly withdrawn from service for intensive training,[3] during which time, between November 1942 and early 1943, the east-west concrete runway was laid.[1] It was not until 18 April 1943 that the Wing launched its second operation, when nine "Torbeaus" of No. 254 Squadron, six Beaufighter bombers of No. 236 Squadron, and six Beaufighter heavy fighters of No. 143 Squadron, with Spitfires and Mustangs providing air cover, attacked a heavily escorted convoy off the Dutch coast. While the Beaufighters attacked the escort vessels with bombs, machine gun and cannon fire, the "Torbeaus" attacked the largest merchant vessel. In the attack two {{sclass2-|M|minesweeper|2||Germany}}s were set on fire, and an armed trawler was also damaged. Two confirmed torpedo strikes were made on the merchant vessel, which was left listing and on fire. The co-ordinated attack lasted only 15 minutes, and only slight damage was sustained by two or three aircraft. Another operation at the end of the month resulted in the sinking of two merchant vessels and a trawler, with damage to several escort ships, for the loss of one Beaufighter.[4] In June the Strike Wing began to utilize the RP-3 rocket projectile, and by the middle of the year had, along with the minelayers of Bomber Command and the Royal Navy's Nore Flotilla, rendered the Port of Rotterdam almost unusable. Ship captains bringing in iron ore from Sweden began to demand bonuses of up to 300 per cent for risking their ships. By the end of the year the Strike Wing had sunk thirteen ships totalling 34,076 gross tons,[3] and by the end of the war in May 1945 had sunk over 150,000 tons of shipping,[5] as well as two U-boats; {{GS|U-418||2}} in the Bay of Biscay on 1 June 1943, and {{GS|U-2338||2}} off the Danish coast on 5 May 1945.[6] They had also lost 120 aircraft and 241 aircrew.[5]
Post-warNorth Coates was closed in August 1946 and transferred to Maintenance Command, becoming a storage site for No. 25 Maintenance Unit, and was then transferred to No. 61 Maintenance Unit in October. In December 1946 the station was transferred to Flying Training Command, and in January 1947 became No. 1 Initial Training School. However the airfields isolation during the severe winter of 1947 meant that the Officer Cadets were soon relocated.[1] In May 1948 it was transferred to No. 24 Group, Technical Training Command, and became the location of the School of Explosives Inspection and also No. 5131 (Bomb Disposal) Squadron. In January 1953 the airfield again fell victim to the weather, being overwhelmed during the North Sea flood and was temporarily abandoned when flooded to a depth of {{Convert|3|ft}}. In August 1953 the station became the home of No. 54 Maintenance Unit, tasked with breaking up redundant and crashed aircraft for spare parts, coming under No. 43 Group, Maintenance Command, in December 1954. Between February 1955 and October 1957 North Coates was the base of "B" Flight, No. 275 (Air Sea Rescue) Squadron flying Bristol Sycamore HR.14. helicopters.[1] In April 1956 the airfield was selected as the site of the RAF's first Surface to Air Guided Weapons base, housing forty-eight Bloodhound surface-to-air missiles. In July 1956 work began on the construction of the missile facility, including missile pads, Tactical Control Centre, Missile Repair Section, and Servicing Hangar. In October 1957 No. 17 Joint Services Trials Unit was formed there to carry out operational trials of the Bloodhound Mk. II. The Bloodhounds remained at North Coates until mid-1990, and the station was finally closed in December, and the site transferred to the Defence Land Agency for disposal.[1] In January 1992 the married quarters were sold off, and over the next few years most of the other buildings were sold or demolished, and the concrete runway, hard standings and the taxiways were removed and the land returned to agricultural use. One hangar is still used by the North Coates Flying Club, who laid a grass airstrip alongside the line of the old runway.[1] {{-}}Squadrons
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web |url=http://www.bcar.org.uk/north-coates-history.php |title=North Coates Airfield History |first=Brian |last=Stafford |work=Bomber County Aviation Resource |year=2015 |accessdate=4 September 2015}} 2. ^The word "Fitties" is derived from an Old English term meaning salt marsh. 3. ^1 2 {{cite book |chapterurl=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RAF-III/UK-RAF-III-3.html |chapter=III: Stratagems and Spoils |title=Royal Air Force 1939-1945: Volume III: The Fight Is Won |pages=69–71 |first=Hilary St. George |last=Saunders |authorlink=Hilary Saint George Saunders |location=London |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |year=1954 |accessdate=4 September 2015}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |chapterurl=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RAF-II/UK-RAF-II-6.html |chapter=VI: Coastal Command and the Struggle at Sea: The Offensive against German Shipping and U-Boats in 1942 |title=The Royal Air Force 1939-1945: Volume II: The Fight Avails |pages=96–99 |first1=Hilary St. George |last1=Saunders |authorlink1=Hilary Saint George Saunders |first2=Denis |last2=Richards |authorlink2=Denis Richards |location=London |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |year=1954 |accessdate=4 September 2015 |lastauthoramp=yes}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Lincolnshire/CleethorpesRAFMemorial.html |title=RAF Memorial, Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire |work=Roll of Honour |year=2014 |accessdate=4 September 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.historyofwar.org/air/units/RAF/236_wwII.html |title=No. 236 Squadron (RAF) during the Second World War |first=John |last=Rickard |work=historyofwar.org |year=2015 |accessdate=4 September 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bloodhoundmkii.org.uk/JSTU.htm |title=17 JSTU |work=Bloodhound MKII |year=2013 |accessdate=4 September 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bloodhoundmkii.org.uk/25S.htm |title=25 Squadron |work=Bloodhound MKII |year=2013 |accessdate=4 September 2015}} References{{reflist}}Further reading
External links{{Commons category|RAF North Coates}}
3 : Royal Flying Corps airfields|Royal Air Force stations in Lincolnshire|Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom |
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