| 词条 | Swing Low, Sweet Chariot | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Swing Low Sweet Chariot | cover = SwingLowSweetChariot1873.jpg | alt = | caption = Page from The Jubilee Singers (1873) | type = | artist = | album = | EP = | written = Prior to 1862 | published = | released = | format = | recorded = | studio = | venue = | genre = Negro spiritual | length = | label = | writer = Wallace Willis | composer = | lyricist = | producer = | prev_title = | prev_year = | title = | next_title = | next_year = }}{{listen |filename=Swing Low, Sweet Chariot - Fisk Jubilee Singers.ogg |title="Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" |description=Performed by the Fisk Jubilee Singers }} "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" is an American negro spiritual. The earliest known recording was in 1909, by the Fisk Jubilee Singers of Fisk University. In 2002, the Library of Congress honored the song as one of 50 recordings chosen that year to be added to the National Recording Registry. It was also included in the list of Songs of the Century, by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. History"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" was written by Wallis Willis, a Choctaw freedman in the old Indian Territory in what is now Choctaw County, near the County seat of Hugo, Oklahoma sometime after 1865. He may have been inspired by the sight of the Red River, by which he was toiling, which reminded him of the Jordan River and of the Prophet Elijah's being taken to heaven by a chariot (2 Kings 2:11).[1][2] Some sources[3][4] claim that this song and "Steal Away"[5] (also sung by Willis) had lyrics that referred to the Underground Railroad, the freedom movement that helped black people escape from Southern slavery to the North and Canada. Alexander Reid, a minister at the Old Spencer Academy, a Choctaw boarding school, heard Willis singing these two songs and transcribed the words and melodies. He sent the music to the Jubilee Singers of Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. The Jubilee Singers popularized the songs during a tour of the United States and Europe.[6] In 1939, Nazi Germany's Reich Music Examination Office added the song to a listing of "undesired and harmful" musical works.[7] The song enjoyed a resurgence during the 1960s Civil Rights struggle and the folk revival; it was performed by a number of artists. Perhaps the most famous performance during this period was that by Joan Baez during the legendary 1969 Woodstock festival. Oklahoma State Senator Judy Eason McIntyre from Tulsa proposed a bill nominating "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" as the Oklahoma State official gospel song in 2011. The bill was co-sponsored by the Oklahoma State Black Congressional Caucus. Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin signed the bill into law on May 5, 2011, at a ceremony at the Oklahoma Cowboy Hall of Fame; making the song the official Oklahoma State Gospel Song.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} Traditional lyricsChorus: {{poemquote|Swing low, sweet chariotComing for to carry me home Swing low, sweet chariot Coming for to carry me home I looked over Jordan, and what did I see? (Coming for to carry me home) A band of angels coming after me (Coming for to carry me home)}} Chorus: {{poemquote|If you get there before I do(Coming for to carry me home) Tell all of my friends, that I'm coming there too (Coming for to carry me home)}} Chorus (3×) Film and television appearancesThe song has frequently been used in films and television.
RenditionsA popular early recording[23] was by the Fisk University Jubilee Quartet for Victor Records (No. 16453) on December 1, 1909[24] and two years later the Apollo Jubilee Quartette recorded the song on Monday, February 26, 1912, Columbia Records (A1169), New York City.[25][26] Since then, numerous versions have been recorded including those by Bing Crosby (recorded April 25, 1938),[27] Kenny Ball and His Jazzmen (included in the album The Kenny Ball Show – 1962), Louis Armstrong (for his album Louis and the Good Book - 1958), Sam Cooke (for his album Swing Low - 1961), Vince Hill (1993),[28] Peggy Lee (1946),[29] and Paul Robeson (recorded January 7, 1926 for Victor - (No. 20068).[30] Biviano Accordion Sextette{{ external media | align = center |audio1 = You may listen to the Joe Biviano Accordion Rhythm Sextette with John Serry Sr. and Tony Mottola performing Swing Low, Sweet Chariot in 1947 [https://archive.org/details/78_swing-low-sweet-chariot_joe-biviano-his-accordion-and-rhythm-sextette-john-serry_gbia0037324/08+-+Nursery+Rhymes+-+Joe+Biviano%2C+his+Accordion+and+Rhythm+Sextette.flac here]}}The noted jazz accordionist/composer John Serry Sr. recorded the composition with the jazz guitarist Tony Mottola as members of the Biviano Accordion & Rhythm Sextette in 1947 for Sonora Records on the album Accordion Capers (Sonora # MS 476).[31][32] Eric Clapton{{Infobox song| name = Swing Low, Sweet Chariot | cover = Eric Clapton Swing Low Sweet Chariot.jpg | alt = | type = single | artist = Eric Clapton | album = There's One in Every Crowd | B-side = Pretty Blue Eyes | released = {{Start date|1975|05}} | format = 7" vinyl | recorded = | studio = | venue = | genre = Blues rock · reggae | length = {{Duration|m=3|s=33}} | label = RSO | writer = Wallace Willis | producer = Tom Dowd | chronology = Eric Clapton | prev_title = Willie and the Hand Jive | prev_year = 1974 | next_title = Knockin' on Heaven's Door | next_year = 1975 }} British rock musician Eric Clapton recorded a reggae version of the song for his 1975 studio album There's One in Every Crowd. RSO Records released it with the B-side "Pretty Blue Eyes" as a seven-inch grammophone single in May the same year, produced by Tom Dowd.[33] His version reached various singles charts, including Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Weekly chart performance
Use in rugby union"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" has been sung by rugby players and fans for some decades,[35] and there are associated gestures, sometimes used in a drinking game, which requires those who wrongly perform the gestures to buy a round of drinks.[36][37] It became associated with the English national side, in particular, in 1988. Coming into the last match of the 1988 season, against Ireland at Twickenham, England had lost 15 of their previous 23 matches in the Five Nations Championship. The Twickenham crowd had only seen one solitary England try in the previous two years and at half time against Ireland they were 0–3 down. However, during the second half England scored six tries to give them a 35–3 win. Three of the tries came in quick succession from black player Chris Oti making his Twickenham debut. A group of boys from the Benedictine school Douai following a tradition at their school games sang "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" whenever a try was scored. When Oti scored his second try, amused spectators standing close to the boys joined in, and when Oti scored his hat-trick the song was heard around the ground.[35][38][39] The song is still regularly sung at matches by English supporters.[40] The England national rugby union team returned from the 2003 Rugby World Cup triumph in Australia on a plane dubbed "Sweet Chariot".[41] England's participation at the Rugby World Cup{{Infobox song| name = Swing Low | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = UB40 featuring United Colours of Sound | album = Homegrown | B-side = "Swing Low" {{small|(Stadium mix)}} | released = 27 October 2003 | format = | recorded = | studio = | venue = | genre = Reggae | length = | label = DEP International {{small|DEPDJ58}} | writer = {{hlist|Charlie Skarbek|Traditional}} | producer = Charlie Skarbek | prev_title = Cover Up | prev_year = 2002 | next_title = Kiss and Say Goodbye | next_year = 2005 }} The song became the England Rugby World Cup theme for 1991, when performed by "Union featuring the England World Cup Squad". It reached number 16 on the UK singles chart. The song was then covered in 1995 for that year's tournament by British reggae duo China Black together with South African male choral group, Ladysmith Black Mambazo. It reached number 15 on the chart, selling 200,000 copies.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} 1999's tournament featured Russell Watson record a version which had less success, only peaking at number 38 on the UK chart.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} The song enjoyed more success in 2003's tournament, but included the album Homegrown, when recorded by UB40 and the United Colours of Sound. It originally peaked at number 23, but following England's victory in the tournament returned to reach number 15.[42][43] In the wake of the tournament, UB40 performed the song at a concert at the NEC Arena Birmingham that was attended by England rugby fans and captain Martin Johnson.[44] A new version was recorded by Blake for the 2007 Rugby World Cup. For 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand all-girl group Our Lady Muse (O.L.M) released an England Rugby World Cup Song. An upbeat party anthem version of Swing Low, Sweet Chariot – The Song was premiered at the "Polo Rocks" concert in aid of The Prince's Trust. Ella Eyre version{{Infobox song| name = Swing Low, Sweet Chariot | cover = Ella Eyre Swing Low Sweet Chariot.jpg | alt = | type = single | artist = Ella Eyre | album = | released = 7 September 2015 | format = Digital download | recorded = 2014 | studio = | venue = | genre = Pop | length = 3:14 | label = Virgin EMI Records | writer = Wallace Willis | producer = {{flatlist|
}} | prev_title = Good Times | prev_year = 2015 | next_title = Best of My Love | next_year = 2015 }} English singer Ella Eyre released a cover version of the song on 7 September 2015 as a digital download in association with England Rugby, to coincide with the 2015 Rugby World Cup, with the song raising money for England Rugby’s All Schools programme. The song was produced by Glyn Aikins and Mojam, it peaked to number 134 on the UK Singles Chart and number 87 on the Scottish Singles Chart. BackgroundOn 1 July 2015 England Rugby announced that Ella Eyre would release a cover of "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" as England Rugby's official single. Ella said: {{cquote|I’m so proud to be singing Swing Low and getting behind the team in a World Cup year on home soil, I am really looking forward to helping bring the whole nation behind the England team. It’s inspiring to see the levels of support for the players and we’re raising money for a great cause.}}Former England international Rob Andrew added: {{cquote|Owned by the fans, Swing Low, Sweet Chariot is a song that is unique to England Rugby and has the power to instil a sense of hope and drive England teams forward when it’s sung at Twickenham. We are delighted that Brit Award winning artist Ella Eyre is behind the Every Voice Counts campaign. In what will be an exciting year for England Rugby, we hope that the fans will be louder than ever and help carry the team home in 2015.}}[45]Music videoA music video to accompany the release of "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" was first released onto YouTube on 10 September 2015 at a total length of three minutes and ten seconds. Track listing{{Track listing| headline = Digital download[46] | title1 = Swing Low, Sweet Chariot | length1 = 3:14 }} Chart performance
Release history
See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20060815/d_sweetchariot.art.htm|title=USATODAY.com|website=usatoday30.usatoday.com|accessdate=2018-12-04}} 2. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/homepagelatest/michael-overall-how-an-oklahoma-slave-came-to-write-one/article_89101718-6427-5b56-bcb0-a17f798589be.html | title= Michael Overall, How an Oklahoma slave came to write one of the world’s most famous songs | publisher=Tulsa World, January 28, 2019| accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/wned/underground-railroad/stories-of-freedom/underground-railroad-terminology/ | title=UNDERGROUND RAILROAD TERMINOLOGY | publisher=www.pbs.org | accessdate=3 July 2013 | author=Walls, Bryan}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2006-08-14-chariot_x.htm?csp=34 | title=Story behind spiritual 'Sweet Chariot' emerges | publisher=USA Today | date=12 August 2006 | accessdate=3 July 2013 | author=Eversley, Melanie}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://slic.njstatelib.org/slic_files/digidocs/h673/h6732002.pdf |title=A Guide to The Underground Railroad in New Jersey |publisher=Njstatelib |accessdate=3 July 2013 |deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823115712/http://slic.njstatelib.org/slic_files/digidocs/h673/h6732002.pdf |archivedate=23 August 2013 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/homepagelatest/michael-overall-how-an-oklahoma-slave-came-to-write-one/article_89101718-6427-5b56-bcb0-a17f798589be.html | title= Michael Overall, How an Oklahoma slave came to write one of the world’s most famous songs | publisher=Tulsa World, January 28, 2019| accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Banned Music in the Third Reich|url=https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/banned.htm|publisher=Völkischer Beobachter, Full edition Nr. 94 of 4 April 1939|accessdate=March 2, 2019}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Croce|first1=Fernando|title=Dirigible (Frank Capra / U.S., 1931)|url=http://mail.cinepassion.org/Reviews/d/Dirigible.html|website=CinePassion|accessdate=December 28, 2017}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Simpson|first1=Eugene Thamon|title=Hall Johnson: His Life, His Spirit, and His Music|date=2008|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=0810860384|page=116}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Reid|first1=John Howard|title=Movie Westerns: Hollywood Films the Wild, Wild West|date=2005|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=1411666100|page=88}} 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Lupack|first1=Barbara Tepa|title=Nineteenth-Century Women at the Movies: Adapting Classic Women's Fiction to Film|date=1999|publisher=Popular Press|isbn=0879728051|page=245}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1= Koestenbaum|first1=Wayne|title=The Anatomy of Harpo Marx|date=2012|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0520269012|page=117}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Dunne|first1=Michael|title=American Film Musical Themes and Forms|date=2004|publisher=McFarland Publishing|isbn=078641877X|pages=45–46}} 14. ^{{cite web|last1=Cornelius|first1=David|title=A Date With Judy|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/33200/date-with-judy-a/|website=DVD Talk|accessdate=January 23, 2018}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Goldsmith|first1=Melissa|last2=Wilson|first2=Paige|last3=Fonseca|first3=Anthony|title=The Encyclopedia of Musicians and Bands on Film|date=2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=1442269863|pages=353–354}} 16. ^{{cite book|last=Stanfield|first=Peter|title=Hoodlum Movies: Seriality And The Outlaw Biker Film Cycle, 1966-1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0813599032|date=2018|publisher=Rutgers University Press|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|isbn=9780813599021}} 17. ^{{cite book|last=Devine|first=Jeremy|title=Vietnam at 24 Frames a Second: A Critical and Thematic Analysis of 360 Films About the Vietnam War|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1476605351|date=1995|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn=9781476605357}} 18. ^{{cite web|last1=Scribner|first1=John|title=Worst Disney 52: The Shaggy D.A.|url=http://www.cinema52.com/2015/05/worst-disney-52-shaggy-d/|website=Cinema 52|accessdate=December 29, 2017}} 19. ^{{cite book|last1=Knapp|first1=Laurence|title=Directed by Clint Eastwood: Eighteen Films Analyzed|date=1996|publisher=McFarland & Co.|isbn=0786402717|page=113}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=The "Addams Family Values" Cast Reveals Behind-The-Scenes Secrets 20 Years Later|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jaimieetkin/the-addams-family-values-20th-anniversary|website=BuzzFeed|accessdate=December 29, 2017}} 21. ^{{cite book|last1=Long|first1=Michael|title=Peaceful Neighbor: Discovering the Countercultural Mister Rogers|date=2015|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|location=Louisville, KY|isbn=9780664260477|page=97}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=The Birth of a Nation: how Nate Parker failed to remake history|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2016/oct/10/the-birth-of-a-nation-problems-nate-parker|accessdate=December 3, 2017|work=The Guardian|date=October 10, 2016}} 23. ^{{cite book|last1=Whitburn|first1=Joel|title=Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954|date=1986|publisher=Record Research Inc|location=Wisconsin, USA|isbn=0-89820-083-0|page=159}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=The Online Discographical Project|url=http://www.78discography.com/vic16000.html|website=78discography.com|accessdate=August 6, 2017}} 25. ^Dixon, Robert M. W. Blues and Gospel Records: 1890–1943 (Blues and Gospel Records), Oxford University Press (1997), page 23 – {{ISBN|0-19-816239-1}} 26. ^Brooks, Tim. Lost Sounds: Blacks and the Birth of the Recording Industry, 1890–1919, University of Illinois Press (2004), page 258 – {{ISBN|0-252-02850-3}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=A Bing Crosby Discography|url=http://www.bingmagazine.co.uk/bingmagazine/crosby1bDecca.html|website=BING magazine|publisher=International Club Crosby|accessdate=August 6, 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Discogs.com|url=https://www.discogs.com/Vince-Hill-Swing-Low-Sweet-Chariot/release/3015867|website=Discogs.com|accessdate=August 6, 2017}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=The Peggy Lee Bio-Discography And Videography|url=http://www.peggyleediscography.com/p/pegsongs.php|website=peggyleediscography.com|accessdate=August 6, 2017}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=The Online Discographical Project|url=http://www.78discography.com/vic20000.html|website=78discography.com|accessdate=August 6, 2017}} 31. ^[https://archive.org/details/mbid-47ec1899-c909-4d5f-b38c-4920df8f57d9 Accordion Capers on archive.org] 32. ^[https://archive.org/details/78_swing-low-sweet-chariot_joe-biviano-his-accordion-and-rhythm-sextette-john-serry_gbia0037324/04+-+Swing+Low%2C+Sweet+Chariot+-+Joe+Biviano%2C+his+Accordion+and+Rhythm+Sextette.flac Swing Low Sweet Chariot performed by the Joe Biviano Accordion and Rhythm Sextette including John Serry Sr. (accodordion), Angelo Delleria (accordion), and Tony Mattola (guitar) in 1947 on archive.org] 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparade.ch/song/Eric-Clapton/Swing-Low-Sweet-Chariot-21099|title=Eric Clapton – Swing Low Sweet Chariot – hitparade.ch|publisher=Steffen Hung – Hung Medien|work=Schweizer Hitparade|language=de|accessdate=October 21, 2015}} 34. ^{{cite book|first=Ren|last=Tatsaku|title=The Oricon Sales Report|year=2011|location=Tokyo|publisher=Oricon Style – Recording Industry Association of Japan|language=ja}} 35. ^1 {{cite web | title = The story behind "Swing Low Sweet Chariot" and how it became a rugby anthem. | url = http://www.everyhit.com/stories/swing_low_sweet_chariot.html | publisher=everyhit.com | accessdate = 2007-10-08 }} 36. ^Hash House Harriers, Hash Songs, Ankara Hash House Harriers Retrieved 2009-02-07 37. ^Hugh Farrelly. Oti the man to blame as 'Swing Low Sweet Chariot' continues to roll, Irish Independent 13 March 2008 38. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.rfu.com/microsites/museum/index.cfm?fuseaction=faqs.slsc |title= Swing Low, Sweet Chariot |publisher=rfu.com |accessdate= 15 August 2007 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071025050634/http://www.rfu.com/microsites/museum/index.cfm?fuseaction=faqs.slsc |archivedate=25 October 2007}} 39. ^Oliver Price Blood, mud and aftershave in The Observer Sunday February 5, 2006, Section O is for Oti 40. ^{{cite news |last=Holden |first=Jim |date=16 March 2014 |title=Italy 11 - England 52: Stuart Lancaster's men end with a flourish |newspaper=Sunday Express |url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/465077/Italy-11-England-52-Stuart-Lancaster-s-men-end-with-a-flourish}} 41. ^England rugby heroes head home BBC, 24 November 2003 42. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/ub40/ | title=UK Charts - UB40 | publisher=www.officialcharts.com | accessdate=2013-06-14}} 43. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.discogs.com/UB40-Featuring-United-Colours-Of-Sound-Swing-Low/release/1654662 | title=Swing Low | publisher=www.discogs.com | accessdate=2013-06-14}} 44. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xb25pqs-OEA UB40 - Swing Low Sweet Chariot (live at the NEC Arena Birmingham, 2003)] YouTube 45. ^Ella Eyre to release Swing Low, Sweet Chariot single. England Rugby. 46. ^1 [https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/swing-low-sweet-chariot-single/id1034783491 Swing Low, Sweet Chariot - Single by Ella Eyre on iTunes] 47. ^CHART: CLUK Update 19.09.2015 (wk38). Official Charts Company. Zobbel.de/ External links
17 : 1860s songs|African-American cultural history|American folk songs|Drinking songs|Ella Eyre songs|Eric Clapton songs|Lead Belly songs|Johnny Mathis songs|Paul Robeson songs|Mildred Bailey songs|Al Hirt songs|Sporting songs|United States National Recording Registry recordings|African-American spiritual songs|UB40 songs|Year of song unknown|England national rugby union team |
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