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词条 Randy Wayne (biologist)
释义

  1. Career

     Fern Spore Germination  Water Permeability of Plant Cell Membranes  Gravity Sensing in Plant Cells 

  2. Books

  3. Podcasts

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox scientist
| name = Randy Wayne
| image = Dr. Randy O. Wayne Cornell plant biologist.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1955|5|8}}
| birth_place = Boston, MA United States
| residence = Ithaca, NY, United States
| nationality = American
| field = Biophysical Plant Cell
| alma_mater = U. Mass. BA 1977
UCLA Masters 1979[1]
U. Mass. PhD 1985[1]
| work_institution = Cornell[2][3]
| doctoral_advisor = Peter K. Hepler
| website = Randy Wayne at Cornell
}}Randy O. Wayne is a plant cell biologist at Cornell University[4] notable for his work on plant development.[6] In particular, along with his colleague Peter K. Hepler, Wayne established the powerful role of calcium in regulating plant growth;[5][6] accordingly, their 1985 article Calcium and plant development was cited by at least 405 subsequent articles to earn the "Citation Classic" award from Current Contents magazine[7] and has been cited by hundreds more since 1993. He is an authority on how plant cells sense gravity through pressure,[8][9][10] on the water permeability of plant membranes,[11] light microscopy,[12] as well as the effects of calcium on plant development.[7][13] He wrote two textbooks including Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology[14][15] and Light and Video Microscopy.[16]

In 2010, Wayne proposed a theory of light[17][18] that is inconsistent with relativity.[19][20][21][22]

Career

Wayne joined the faculty at Cornell University in 1987. He is a member of the CALS School of Integrative Plant Science[23]. He has a deep interest in teaching science [24][25][26] and teaches Plant Cell Biology and Light and Video Microscopy. He has taught a course for nonmajors entitled, Biological Principles [27] and subsequently taught a course for nonmajors entitled, Light and Life. Wayne is a member of the Biology and Society major[28], which is designed for students who wish to combine training in biology with perspectives from the social sciences and humanities to understand the scientific, social, political, and ethical aspects of modern biology.

Fern Spore Germination

When it was generally assumed that fern spores contained all the ions necessary for germination,[29] Wayne, working with Peter K. Hepler, showed that external calcium ions were necessary for the red light-stimulated, phytochrome-mediated signal transduction chain that leads to the germination response of the spores of Onoclea sensibilis.[30][31][32] Calcium ions are required for the red light-stimulated, phytochrome-mediated signal transduction chains that lead to germination in the spores of other species.[33][34]

Water Permeability of Plant Cell Membranes

It was generally considered that water moved in and out of the plant cell through the lipid bilayer. Wayne, working with Masashi Tazawa,[35] presented most of the now classical arguments favoring membrane water channels and clearly demonstrated their major contribution to osmotic water transport.[36] Wayne's work preceded the molecular identification of aquaporins in plant cells.[37][38][39]

Gravity Sensing in Plant Cells

It is generally believed that the sedimentation of starch-containing plastids, known as amyloplasts, is responsible for gravity-sensing in plant cells.[40] However, based on the facts that plant cells that do not contain sedimenting amyloplasts still sense gravity[41][42][43][44] and that starchless mutants in higher plants are almost as sensitive to gravity as the wild-type plants,[45][46] Wayne, working with Mark P. Staves and A. Carl Leopold proposed that the amyloplasts do not act as gravity sensors, but as a ballast to enhance the gravitational pressure sensed by proteins at the plasma membrane–extracellular matrix junction.[47][48][49]

Books

  • Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology, 2009, Elsevier/Academic Press. ({{ISBN|9780123742339}})
  • Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology, Second Edition, 2019, Elsevier/Academic Press. ({{ISBN|9780128143711}})
  • Light and Video Microscopy, 2009, Elsevier/Academic Press. ({{ISBN|9780080921280}})
  • Light and Video Microscopy, Second Edition, 2014, Elsevier/Academic Press. ({{ISBN|9780124114845}})

Podcasts

  • Mann Library Book Talk Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology[50]
  • Mann Library Book Talk Light and Video Microscopy [51]

References

1. ^1 {{cite news |title= Randy O Wayne (faculty biography) |work= Cornell University Department of Plant Biology |quote= Bachelor's Degree Univ Massachusetts 1977 Master's Degree U Cal Los Angeles 1979 Doctorate Univ Massachusetts 1985 |date= 2012-06-28 |url= http://plantbio.cornell.edu/cals/plbio/directory/faculty.cfm?netId=row1 |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
2. ^{{cite news |author= Sean T. Hammond and Karl J. Niklas |title= Computer simulations support a core prediction of a contentious plant model |work= American Journal of Botany |date= 10 January 2012 |url= http://www.amjbot.org/content/99/3/508.abstract?related-urls=yes&legid=amjbot;99/3/508 |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
3. ^Randy O. Wayne, in Ithaca Journal on August 4, 2011, Cornell decision to ax courses steps on academic freedom — Ithaca Journal, Retrieved Aug. 26, 2014, "...we question Cornell’s commitment to the concept of academic freedom.."
4. ^{{cite news |title= Where is the Freedom to Question? |work= American Institute for Technology and Science Education |year= 2012 |url= http://www.americaninstitutetechnologyscienceeducation.com/educational-resources/articles-video/education-and-academic-dishonesty/where-is-the-freedom-to-question/ |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
5. ^{{cite news |author= V. Raghavan |title= Developmental Biology of Fern Gametophytes |work= Cambridge University Press |quote= Direct demonstration of an increased Ca2+ influx in the spore following exposure to a saturating dose of red light has been possible by atomic absorption spectroscopy (Wayne and Hepler, 1985a). |year= 1989 |isbn= 978-0-521-33022-0 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=C2Zb6lhIeScC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=%22Developmental+Biology+of+Fern+Gametophytes%22+%22Wayne+and+Hepler%22&source=bl&ots=li-4mPwx4v&sig=mGu4qGyOdeJpY3TfJaZVRqgDxas&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PyzyT_uDJKb00gGx4IH7Ag&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
6. ^{{cite news |title= A Basic Distinction (in the Breakthroughs Section) |work= Discover Magazine |quote= Volume 13, Number 11 |date= November 1992 }}
7. ^1 {{cite news |title= This Week's Citation Classic |work= Current Contents |quote= The SCI® indicates that this paper has been cited in more than 405 publications -- Hepler P K & Wayne R O. Calcium and plant development. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 36:397-439. 1985. -- Department of Botany, University of Massachusetts. Amherst. MA |date= July 26, 1993 |url= http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1993/A1993LL18900001.pdf |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
8. ^1 {{cite news |title= SCIENCE WATCH; Telling Up From Down |work= The New York Times |year= 1992 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/09/science/science-watch-telling-up-from-down.html |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
9. ^{{cite news |author= Boyce Rensberger |title= Getting to the Root Of Plant Growth; How Seeds Sprout in the Proper Direction |work= Washington Post |date= July 13, 1992 }}
10. ^{{cite news |author= Elison B. Blancaflor and Patrick H. Masson |title= Update on Tropisms: Plant Gravitropism. Unraveling the Ups and Downs of a Complex Process |work= Plant Physiology |quote= Vol. 133 Citing this article: Staves MP, Wayne R, Leopold AC (1997) The effect of external medium on the gravitropic curvature of rice (Oryza sativa, Poaceae) roots. Am J Bot 84:1522–1529 |pages= 1677–1690 |date= December 2003 |url= http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/133/4/1677.full.pdf+html |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
11. ^{{cite news |author= Christophe Maurel |title= AQUAPORINS AND WATER PERMEABILITY OF PLANT MEMBRANES |work= Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology |quote= Vol. 48: 399-429; DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.399 |date= June 1997 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.399 }}
12. ^{{cite news |author= Randy Wayne |title= Light and Video Microscopy |work= Academic Press |date= August 2008 |isbn= 978-0-12-374234-6 |url= http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.print/715490/description#description |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
13. ^Roux, S. J., Wayne, R. O. and Datta, N. (1986), Role of calcium ions in phytochrome responses: an update. Physiologia Plantarum, 66: 344–348. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb02430.x
14. ^Plant cell biology. From astronomy to zoology, R Wayne, 2009, Elsevier/Academic Press. Reviewer: Nigel Chaffey, 2010, Plant cell biology. From astronomy to zoology (textbook review), Retrieved Aug. 26, 2014, "...Plant cell biology is an idiosyncratic text and permeated throughout with Wayne's own humour and take on the subject..."
15. ^{{cite news |author= Nigel Chaffey (reviewer of Wayne's book) |title= Plant cell biology. From astronomy to zoology |work= Annals of Botany |date= August 4, 2010 |url= http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/106/4/vi.full |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
16. ^{{cite news |author= Carol Bayles |title= Let There be Light (review of Randy Wayne's book Light and Video Microscopy) |work= BioScience |quote= Volume 60 No. 4 BioScience ...excellent undergraduate level text on optical microscopy for biologists... also valuable to anyone using a light microscope ... An ability to elucidate difficult concepts is not the only thing that makes Wayne an excellent teacher. He is also a historian of science and has thoroughly researched the topic in order to bring historical information to the reader. |date= April 2010 |url= http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/university-of-california-press/let-there-be-light-2uibhpCEzL |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
17. ^Randy Wayne, "Nature of Light from the Perspective of a Biologist. What Is a Photon?", In: Mohammad Pessarakli (ed.), Handbook of Photosynthesis, CRC Press, 2016, {{ISBN|1482230755}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5k3OCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 pp. 17-43]
18. ^{{cite book |last1=Hentschel |first1=Klaus |title=Photons: The History and Mental Models of Light Quanta |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |location=Cham, Switzerland |isbn=978-3-319-95251-2 |pages=113, 181}}
19. ^{{cite news |author= Dan Veaner |title= Cornell Scientist Challenges Einstein |work= Lansing Star |date= October 15, 2010 |url= http://www.lansingstar.com/around-town-archive/6638-cornell-scientist-challenges-einstein |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
20. ^{{cite news |title= Electrons can't exceed the speed of light -- thanks to light itself, says biologist |work= Chronicle Online |date= Nov 18, 2010 |url= http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Nov10/WayneLight.html |accessdate= 2012-06-28}}
21. ^Randy Wayne, 18 Mar 2011, arXiv:1103.3697 (physics.gen-ph), [https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.3697 Charged Particles are Prevented from Going Faster than the Speed of Light by Light Itself: A Biophysical Cell Biologist's Contribution to Physics], Retrieved Aug. 26, 2014, "...Consequently, light itself prevents charged particles from moving faster than the speed of light..."
22. ^{{cite news |author= Randy Wayne |title= As Time Goes By and Albert Einstein. Do the Fundamental Things Still Apply? |work= The Lansing Star |date= Nov 20, 2015 |url= http://www.lansingstar.com/around-town/12214-as-time-goes-by-and-albert-einstein |accessdate= 2015-11-23}}
23. ^{{cite web |title=School of Integrative Plant Science |url=https://sips.cals.cornell.edu/ |accessdate=March 28, 2019}}
24. ^{{cite journal | author=Mazhar, Tajwar | title=Prof's Book Blurs Boundaries between Sciences. | journal=Cornell Daily Sun November 4, 2009 | url=http://cornellsun.com/node/39403}}
25. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy and Staves, Mark P. | title=Model Scientists | journal=Communicative & Integrative Biology | volume=1 | pages=97–103 | year=2008 |url =http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/cib/article/6285/}}
26. ^{{cite news |last1=Wayne |first1=Randy |title=Letters to the Editor |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2019/03/01/letters/T0RTlAFtpSxVv6xEfdHbnO/story.html |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |agency=Boston Globe Magazine |date=March 1, 2019}}
27. ^{{cite Journal | author=Newkirk, Zach | title=Freedom to Teach at Cornell. | journal =Cornell Progressive | volume=11 | issue=4| pages=1,5 | year=2011 | url=http://cuprogressive.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/progressive_nov_19.pdf}}
28. ^{{cite web |title=Biology & Society Major at Cornell University |url=http://sts.cornell.edu/bio-society |publisher=Department of Science & Technology Studies at Cornell University |accessdate=March 17, 2019}}
29. ^{{cite journal|last=Raghavan|first=V|title=Cytology, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Germination of Fern Spores|journal=International Review of Cytology|year=1980|volume=62|pages=69–118|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0074769608618999}}
30. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy and Hepler, Peter, K. | title=The Role of Calcium Ions in Phytochrome-mediated germination of spores of Onoclea sensibilis L. | journal=Planta | volume=160 | issue=1 | pages=12–20 | year=1984 |url =http://www.springerlink.com/content/x572n56506251464/| pmid=24258366 | doi=10.1007/BF00392460 }}
31. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy and Hepler, Peter K. | title=Red Light Stimulates and Increase in Intracellular Calcium in the Spores of Onoclea sensibilis. | journal=Plant Physiology | volume=77 | issue=1 | pages=8–11 | year=1985 |url =http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/77/1/8.full.pdf/| pmid=16664033 | pmc=1064446 }}
32. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy and Hepler, Peter K. | title=The Atomic Composition of Onoclea sensibilis Spores. | journal=American Fern Journal | volume=75 | issue=1 | pages=12–18 | year=1985 | jstor=1546574 }}
33. ^{{cite journal | author=Iino, Moritoshi, Endo, Masami and Wada, Masamitsu | title=The Occurrence of a Ca2+-Dependent Period in the Red Light-induced Late G1 Phase of Germinating Adiantum Spores. |journal=Plant Physiology | volume=91 | pages=610–616 | year=1989 |url =http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/91/2/610.full.pdf}}
34. ^{{cite journal | author=Dürr, S. and Scheuerlein, Robert | title=Characterization of a Calcium-Requiring Phase during Phytochrome-mediated Fern-Spore Germination of Dryopteris paleacea Sw. | journal=Photochemistry and Photobiology | volume=52 | pages=73–82 | year=1990 | doi=10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01758.x }}
35. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy and Tazawa, Masashi| title=Nature of the Water Channels in the Internodal Cells of Nitellopsis. | journal=Journal of Membrane Biology | volume=116 | pages=31–39 | year=1990 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/h3475666712j6g34/}}
36. ^{{cite journal|last=Maurel|first=Christophe|title=Aquaporins and Water Permeability of Plant Membranes|journal=Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology|year=1997|volume=48|pages=399–429|doi=10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.399|pmid=15012269}}
37. ^{{cite book | author = Kaldenhoff, R., Bertl, A., Otto, B., Moshelion, M. and Uehlein, N. | title = Characterization of Plant Aquaporins | volume = 428 | issue = | pages = 505–31 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17875436 | doi = 10.1016/S0076-6879(07)28028-0 | series = Methods in Enzymology | isbn = 9780123739216 }}
38. ^{{cite journal | author = Kammerloher, W., Fischer, U., Piechottka, G.P. and Schäffner, A.R. | title = Water Channels in the Plant Plasma Membrane Cloned by Immunoselection from a Mammalian Expression System | journal = Plant J. | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 187–99 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7920711 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.6020187.x }}
39. ^{{cite journal | author = Maeshima, M. | title = Tonoplast Transporters: Organization and Function | journal = Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology | volume = 52 | issue = 1| pages = 469–497 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11337406 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.469 }}
40. ^{{cite journal | author=Morita, Miyo T.| title=Directional Gravity Sensing in Gravitropism. | journal=Annual Review of Plant Biology | volume=61 | pages=705–720 | year=2010 |url =http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/17623528/1674519244/name/Morita+2010+gravitropism.pdf}}
41. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy, Staves, Mark P. and Leopold, A. Carl | title=Detection of Gravity-Induced Polarity of Cytoplasmic Streaming in Chara. | journal=Protoplasma | volume=188 | pages=38–48 | year=1995 |url =http://www.springerlink.com/content/g40144160q681835/| pmid=11539183 }}
42. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy and Staves, Mark P. | title=A Down-to-Earth Model of Gravisensing or Newton's Law of Gravitation from the Apple's Perspective. | journal=Physiologia Plantarum | volume=98 | issue=4 | pages=917–921 | year=1996 | doi=10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb06703.x }}
43. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy, Staves, Mark P. and Leopold, A. Carl | title=The Contribution of the Extracellular Matrix to Gravisensing in Characean Cells. | journal=Journal of Cell Science | volume=101 | pages=611–623 | year=1992 |url =http://jcs.biologists.org/content/101/3/611.full.pdf}}
44. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy, Staves, Mark P. and Leopold, A. Carl | title=The Effect of the External Medium on the Gravity-Induced Polarity of Cytoplasmic Streaming in Chara corallina (Characeae). | journal=American Journal of Botany | volume=84 | pages=1516–1521 | year=1997 |url =http://www.amjbot.org/content/84/11/1516.full.pdf}}
45. ^{{cite journal | author=Casper, Timothy and Pickard, Barbara G.| title=Gravitropism in a Starchless Mutant of Arabidopsis: Implications for the Starch-Statolith Theory of Gravity Sensing. | journal=Planta | volume=177 | pages=185–197 | year=1989 |url =http://www.springerlink.com/content/v136x631544n7400/}}
46. ^{{cite journal | author=Weise, Sean E. and Kiss, John H.| title=Gravitropism of Influorescence Stems in Starch-Deficient Mutants of Arabidopsis. | journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences | volume=160 | issue=3 | pages=521–527 | year=1999 | doi=10.1086/314142 }}
47. ^{{cite news|title=Telling Up from Down|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/09/science/science-watch-telling-up-from-down.html|accessdate=June 27, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=June 9, 1992}}
48. ^{{cite news|last=Rensberger|first=Boyce|title=Getting to the Root of Plant Growth; How Seeds Sprout in the Proper Direction|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1015080.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309130102/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1015080.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=March 9, 2016|accessdate=June 27, 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 13, 1992}}
49. ^{{cite journal | author=Wayne, Randy, Staves, Mark P. and Leopold, A. Carl | title=The Effect of the External Medium on the Gravitropic Curvature of Rice (ORYZA SATIVA, POACEAE) Roots. | journal=American Journal of Botany | volume=84 | pages=1522–1529 | year=1997 |url =http://www.amjbot.org/content/84/11/1516.full.pdf}}
50. ^{{cite web|last1=Wayne|first1=Randy|title=Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siBMDMasw40|website=YouTube|publisher=Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University|accessdate=July 26, 2016}}
51. ^{{cite web|last1=Wayne|first1=Randy|title=Light and Video Microscopy|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAsW-BPnb2k|website=YouTube|publisher=Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University|accessdate=July 26, 2016}}

External links

  • Botanist from Boston whimsical parody based on Okie from Muskogee expressing Wayne's views on physics
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wayne, Randy}}

8 : 1955 births|Living people|21st-century American botanists|Cornell University faculty|University of Massachusetts alumni|University of California, Los Angeles alumni|Textbook writers|Cell biologists
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