| 词条 | Rangwapithecus |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = | image = Rangwapithecus gordoni jaw.JPG | image_caption = Jaw of Rangwapithecus gordoni | taxon = Rangwapithecus | authority = Andrews, 1974 }}Rangwapithecus is an extinct genus of ape from the Early Miocene of Kenya. Late Miocene phalanges from Hungary have also been assigned to this genus, but were later reclassified as Dryopithecus.[1] DescriptionRangwapithecus weighted approximately {{Convert|15|kg|abbr=on}} and the size and shape of the ape's teeth indicate that it was a folivore.[2] An arboreal ape from the earliest Miocene [3] adapted to life in the rainforest, it is associated particularly with Mfangano Island, (Andrews,Kelley 2007)[4] although the species previously inhabited a woodland-bushland environment.[5]TaxonomySympatric with Proconsul, both classified within Proconsulidae,[6] perhaps synonymous with Proconsul gordoni and Proconsul vancouveringi.[7] Is similar to another species found in Africa.[8]Rangwapithecus gordoni and P. africanus are similarly sized though they differ morphologically, and both are restricted to Koru and Songhur.[9]Notes1. ^{{Harvnb|Begun|1988}} 2. ^{{Harvnb|Fleagle|1999| p=462}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Lyell|1833| p=343}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Andrews|Kelley|2007| loc=Abstract}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Andrews|Evans|1979}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Cameron|2004| p=62}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Tuttle|1986| p=28}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Leakey|Leakey|1987| loc=Abstract}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Andrews|2000| p=356}} References{{Refbegin|30em}}
| last = Andrews | first = Peter | chapter = Evolution and Environment in the Hominoidea | editor-last = Gee | editor-first = H | editor-link = Henry Gee | title = Shaking the tree: readings from Nature in the history of life | publisher = University of Chicago Press |date=May 2000 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ND71kyPhEn8C&pg=PA356 | accessdate = December 2011 | isbn = 978-0-226-28497-2 | ref = harv}}
| last1 = Andrews | first1 = P | last2 = Cronin | first2 = JE | title = The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan | journal = Nature | year = 1982 | volume = 297 | issue = 5867 | pages = 541–6 | pmid = 7045678 | doi = 10.1038/297541a0 | ref = harv}}
| last1 = Andrews | first1 = P. | last2 = Evans | first2 = E. N. | title = The Environment of Ramapithecus in Africa | journal = Paleobiology | year = 1979 | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 22–30 | jstor = 2400387 | ref = harv}}
| last1 = Andrews | first1 = Peter | last2 = Kelley | first2 = Jay | title = Middle Miocene Dispersals of Apes | year = 2007 | journal = Folia Primatologica | volume = 78 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 328–43 | doi = 10.1159/000105148 | pmid = 17855786 | ref = harv}}
| last = Begun | first = David R. | title = Catarrhine phalanges from the Late Miocene (Vallesian) of Rudabánya, Hungary | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | year = 1988 | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 413–37 | doi = 10.1016/0047-2484(88)90030-9 | url = http://anthropology.utoronto.ca/Faculty/Begun/catarrhine%20phalanges.pdf | accessdate = December 2012 | ref = harv}}
| last = Cameron | first = D. W. | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fnqzb4_UVfkC&pg=PA62 | accessdate = December 2011 | title = Hominid adaptations and extinctions | publisher = UNSW Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780868407166 | ref = harv}}
| last = Fleagle | first = JG | title = Primate adaptation and evolution | publisher = Academic Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 978-0-12-260341-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PgiGPYeVN0sC&pg=PA462 | accessdate = December 2011 | ref = harv}}
| last = Greenfield | first = Leonard Owen | title = On the adaptive pattern of "Ramapithecus" | year = 1979 | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 527–48 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330500406 | pmid = 111557 | ref = harv}}
| last = Greenfield | first = L. O. | chapter = A Late Divergence Hypothesis | page = 222 | editor1-last = Ciochon | editor1-first = Russell L. | editor2-last = Fleagle | editor2-first = John G. | title = Primate evolution and human origins | publisher = Transaction Publishers | year = 1987 | series = Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior Series | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=98dBTLwvHJ4C&pg=PA222 | accessdate = December 2011 | isbn = 9780202011752 | ref = harv}}
| last1 = Leakey | first1 = R.E. | last2 = Leakey | first2 = M.G. | title = A new Miocene small-bodied ape from Kenya | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | year = 1987 | volume = 16 | issue = 4 | pages = 369–87 | doi = 10.1016/0047-2484(87)90067-4 | ref = harv}}
| last = Lyell | first = C | authorlink = Charles Lyell | title = Principles of geology: being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation, Volume 3 | publisher = J. Murray | year = 1833 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sWIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA343 | accessdate = November 2011 | ref = harv}}
| last = Schwartz | first = JH | title = The evolutionary relationships of man and orang-utans | journal = Nature | year = 1984 | volume = 308 | issue = 5959 | pages = 501–5 | pmid = 6424028 | doi = 10.1038/308501a0 | ref = harv}}
| last = Tuttle | first = R. | title = Apes of the world: their social behavior, communication, mentality, and ecology | page = 28 | publisher = Noyes Publ. | year = 1986 | isbn = 9780815511045 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3LcA-69N81QC&pg=PA28 | accessdate = December 2011 | ref = harv}}
| last = Tuttle | first = Russell H. | chapter = Seven Decades of East African Miocene Anthropoid Studies | pages = 15–29 | title = Human origins and environmental backgrounds | editor1-last = Ishida | editor1-first = Hidemi | editor2-last = Tuttle | editor2-first = Russell | editor3-last = Pickford | editor3-first = Martin | editor4-last = Ogihara | editor4-first = Naomichi | editor5-last = Nakatsukasa | editor5-first = Masato | series = Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects | publisher = Birkhäuser | year = 2006 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LTG0GnSEiKUC&pg=PA23 | accessdate = December 2011 | isbn = 978-0387296388 | ref = harv}}{{Refend}} External links{{Commons category}}
| last1 = Wolpoff | first1 = M. H. | last2 = De Bonis | first2 = L. | last3 = Fleagle | first3 = J. G. | last4 = Frayer | first4 = D. W. |author5=Greenfield, L. O. |author6=Jacobs, K. H. |author7=Protsch, R. |author8=Rightmire, P. G. |author9=Sarich, V. | title = Ramapithecus and Hominid Origins [and Comments and Reply] | pages = 501–522 | journal = Current Anthropology | year = 1982 | volume = 23 | issue = 5 | jstor = 2742391 | doi=10.1086/202893}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q5237068}} 5 : Prehistoric apes|Miocene primates of Africa|Prehistoric primate genera|Cenozoic mammals of Africa|Fossil taxa described in 1974 |
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