“Rapid DNA”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The FBI established a Rapid DNA Program Office in 2010 to direct the development and integration of Rapid DNA technology for use by law enforcement. The Program Office works with the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Institute of Justice, and other federal agencies to ensure the coordinated development of this new technology among federal agencies. The Program Office also works with state and local law enforcement agencies and state bureaus of identification through the FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Services Division Advisory Policy Board to facilitate the effective and efficient integration of Rapid DNA in the police booking environment.

Several manufacturers have developed instruments for Rapid DNA analysis such as Thermo Fisher Scientific based in Waltham, MA, and [https://ande.com/ ANDE] based in Waltham, MA. Following commercial availability, the FBI will work with federal, state, and local CODIS laboratories and the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods to test, evaluate, and validate the hands-free instruments for law enforcement use. [https://integenx.com/rapidhit-system/ RapidHIT systems] include instruments and [https://integenx.com/rapidlink/ RapidLINK software] which will enable use for law enforcement. As of March 18^[3] 2016 one Rapid DNA instrument was approved by the FBI for submission of samples to NDIS/CODIS without manual review: the DNAScan manufactured by NetBio in Waltham, MA. Effective January 1, 2017, the DNAScan lost its approved status as CODIS-participating labs are required to include the 20 CODIS Core Loci.

Law Enforcement Use of Rapid DNA

The goal of the FBI’s Rapid DNA initiative is to develop commercial instruments capable of producing a CODIS-compatible DNA profile within two hours and to integrate those instruments effectively within the existing CODIS structure to search unsolved crimes while an arrestee is in police custody during the booking process.

In 2012 the Palm Bay, Florida, Police Department received the first commercially produced Rapid DNA unit placed in a police agency; an IntegenX RapidHIT 200 system. In January 2014, after a year of testing and validation, the Palm Bay Police began generating leads on real-world criminal cases, including producing a DNA profile in 90 minutes that linked a suspect to a burglary of a U.S. soldier’s home that occurred while he was in Afghanistan. The Palm Bay Police department is known for applying various innovation technologies in real-life situations and is the pioneer of the use of private lab services to create an effective DNA database.

On August 18, 2017 President Donald Trump signed into law the Rapid DNA act.^[4]

Future of Rapid DNA

Several important policies and quality standards must be addressed prior to the envisioned deployment of Rapid DNA in the booking station, including the amendment of the DNA Identification Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. §14132) to allow CODIS upload of DNA profiles generated outside the accredited forensic laboratory. In addition, the FBI is issuing updates to the Quality Assurance Standards (QAS) to integrate Rapid DNA technology and standard operating procedures to non-laboratory environments. Guidelines for the use of this technology are being developed to maintain the quality and integrity of CODIS and the National DNA Index System, including guidelines on validation, use cases for the technology, and training for laboratory personnel and law enforcement.

Popular culture

RapidHit is mentioned in Crime Scene Investigation season 15 episode 1 "The CSI Effect", first aired Sept 29th 2014.

References

1. ^https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/biometric-analysis/codis/codis-and-ndis-fact-sheet
2. ^{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Heather |title=Coming Soon to a Police Station Near You: The DNA ‘Magic Box’ - With Rapid DNA machines, genetic fingerprinting could become as routine as the old-fashioned kind. But forensic experts see a potential for misuse. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/21/science/dna-crime-gene-technology.html |date=21 January 2019 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=3 April 2019 }}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory/biometric-analysis/codis/rapid-dna-analysis|title=Rapid DNA Analysis|website=Federal Bureau of Investigation|language=en-us|access-date=27 September 2016}}
4. ^[https://www.genomeweb.com/pcr/rapid-dna-act-signed-law Genome web:Rapid DNA Act Signed Into Law]

2. http://www.evidencemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1581