| 词条 | Awka |
| 释义 |
|official_name =Awka |other_name = |native_name = Ọka |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Awka247.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Aerial of Awka near Aroma Junction. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Nigeria |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nigeria |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Nigeria |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Anambra State |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = State, Traditional |leader_title = Governor |leader_name = Willie Obiano |leader_title1 = Eze Uzu |leader_name1 = Gibson Nwosu |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2006 |population_footnotes = [1] |population_note = |population_total = 301,657 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = WAT |utc_offset = +1 |coordinates = {{coord|6|12|25|N|7|04|04|E|region:NG|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Aw |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }}Awka ({{Lang-ig|Ọka}})[3] is the capital of Anambra State, Nigeria with an estimated population of 301,657 {{as of|2006}} Nigerian census. The city is located {{convert|199.1|km|mi}}, by road, directly north of Port Harcourt in the centre of the densely populated Igbo heartland in south east Nigeria.[4] The West-East Federal highway links Lagos, Benin City, Asaba, Onitsha, and Enugu to Awka and several local roads link it to other important towns such as Ekwulobia, Agulu, Enugwu-Ukwu, Abagana and Nnewi. Strategically, Awka is located midway between two major cities in Northern Igboland, Onitsha and Enugu which has informed its choice as an administrative center for the colonial authorities and today as a base for the Anambra State government. HistoryIn pre-colonial days Awka also became famous as the home of the Agbala Oracle a deity that was said to be a daughter of the great Long Juju shrine of Arochukwu. The Agbala Oracle (which Chinua Achebe drew on for inspiration in his book Things Fall Apart[5]) was consulted to resolve disputes far and wide until it was finally destroyed by colonial authorities in the early part of the 20th century. Awka should not be confused with Awka-Etiti which is a town in Idemili South local government area that is often mistaken for the main capital.[6] Today, Awka is the capital of Anambra state of Nigeria. Slogan: Sires of Smiths GeographyAwka lies below 300 metres above sea in a valley on the plains of the Mamu River. Two ridges or cuestas, both lying in a North-South direction, form the major topographical features of the area. The ridges reach the highest point at Agulu just outside the Capital Territory. About six kilometers east of this, the minor cuesta peaks about 150 metres above sea level at Ifite –Awka. Awka is sited in a fertile tropical valley but most of the original Rain forest has been lost due to clearing for farming and human settlement. A few examples of the original rain forest remains at places like the Ime Oka shrine. Wooded savannah grassland predominates primarily to the north and east of the city. South of the town on the slopes of the Awka-Orlu Uplands are some examples of soil erosion and gullying. {{Geographic Location|Centre = Awka |North = Okpuno Awka |Northeast = Ifite Awka |East = Ndiagu |Southeast = Isiagu |South = Nibo, Nise |Southwest = Enugwu Ukwu |West = Amawbia, Nawfia |Northwest = Enugwu Agidi }} ClimateAwka is in the tropical rainforest zone of Nigeria and experiences two distinct seasons brought about by the two predominant winds that rule the area: the southwestern monsoon winds from the Atlantic Ocean and the northeastern dry winds from across the Sahara desert. The monsoon winds from the Atlantic creates six months of heavy tropical rains, which occur between April and July, followed by a short dry period in August lasting two to three weeks with the rain resuming in September and October. This is followed by five months of dryness (November - March) marked by a Harmattan wind, also known as Ugulu in Igbo, which is a particularly dry and dusty wind which enters Nigeria in late December or in the early part of January and is characterized by a grey haze limiting visibility and blocking the sun's rays before dissipating and leading to extreme dry heat in the latter months of February and March. The temperature in Awka is generally 27-30 degrees Celsius between June and December but rises to 32-34 degrees between January and April, with the last few months of the dry season marked by intense heat. {{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Awka|Jan high C= 33 |Feb high C= 34 |Mar high C= 33 |Apr high C= 33 |May high C= 32 |Jun high C= 30 |Jul high C= 29 |Aug high C= 28 |Sep high C= 29 |Oct high C= 30 |Nov high C= 31 |Dec high C= 32 |Jan low C= 24 |Feb low C= 25 |Mar low C= 25 |Apr low C= 25 |May low C= 24 |Jun low C= 24 |Jul low C= 23 |Aug low C= 23 |Sep low C= 23 |Oct low C= 23 |Nov low C= 23 |Dec low C= 23 |Jan rain days= 2 |Feb rain days= 2 |Mar rain days= 4 |Apr rain days= 5 |May rain days= 5 |Jun rain days= 5 |Jul rain days= 10 |Aug rain days= 7 |Sep rain days= 5 |Oct rain days= 12 |Nov rain days= 6 |Dec rain days= 0 |Jan precipitation mm = 3 |Feb precipitation mm = 35 |Mar precipitation mm = 17 |Apr precipitation mm = 100 |May precipitation mm = 150 |Jun precipitation mm = 78 |Jul precipitation mm = 125 |Aug precipitation mm = 80 |Sep precipitation mm = 50 |Oct precipitation mm = 222 |Nov precipitation mm = 106 |Dec precipitation mm = 0 |source 1= Sunmap.Eu[7] }} EconomyThe Anambra Broadcasting Service (ABS) a TV and radio station are located in the city centre. A number of federal institutions including the Central Bank of Nigeria (which has a currency centre in Awka), the NTA Awka media station, and branches of the Federal Inland Revenue Service, Federal Road Safety Commission, Nigerian Immigration Service, and Corporate Affairs Commission are also present in the city. In recent years, several new businesses have erected fascinating new buildings that have largely changed the face of Awka city. The partly state-owned Orient Petroleum Resources Ltd has the headquarters in Awka. The company is poised to set up a refinery at Igbariam to jump-start the exploitation of the huge crude oil deposits in the Anambra River basin. Also Juhel Nigeria has constructed a manufacturing plant for Parenteral drugs in the city. Major Nigerian Banks such as Access Bank, Bank PHB, Diamond Bank, Ecobank, First Bank, Intercontinental, Oceanic Bank, UBA, Union Bank and Zenith Bank have opened branches in the city. Urban planning and RenewalPrior to the Nigerian Civil War, Awka townspeople maintained the city on their own. Market traders cleaned around their stalls; streets and pathways and compounds were swept. Blocked storm drains would be cleared by residents.[8] The first attempt to address the urban decay was made by the Government of Peter Obi who forged a technical cooperation agreement with UN-HABITAT in 2007 to provide technical assistance in the preparation of a structure plan for Awka Capital Territory. The Structural Plan of Awka Capital Territory (2009–2028) [9] is designed as a Core-Multi-Nuclei urban design with Awka, Amawbia and Umuokpu serving as the core of the city with linkages to the major towns of Adazi-Nnukwu, Agulu, ABBA, Abagana, Agukwu-Nri, Amansea, Enugwu-Ukwu, Enugwu-Agidi, Isiagu, Isu-Aniocha, Mgbakwu, Nawfia, Nawgu, Nibo, Nimo, Nise, Okpuno and Umuawulu. Governor Peter Obi implemented just a few of the UN-HABITAT's recommendations managing to tar less than 5 kilometers of urban roads, improve waste collection and upgrade schools and the teaching hospital. His government also began installing water pipes along the popular Nnamdi Azikiwe Road and Ifite Road but he left office without providing a credible citywide public water supply. His successor Governor Willie Obiano has taken on the charge of transforming the ancient town into something the state can be proud of. To spearhead the transformation, Obiano created the Awka Capital Territory Development Authority (ACTDA) mandated to deliver a capital with modern standards of quality. ACTDA has completed aerial mapping in June 2015 with the government set to appoint a town planning firm to develop a Masterplan for the city. Obiano has also gone ahead to change the gateway into and out of Awka by expanding the A232 expressway to three lanes and constructing three flyovers at three key junctions between Amobia and Amansea. MediaAwka hosts a variety of broadcast media organizations including two independent newspaper dailies, an FM radio station for the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, the offices of the state-run Anambra State Broadcasting Corporation and a Zonal office of the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA). Newspapers
FM Radio
TV Stations
RetailTraditional MarketsAwka like most Nigerian cities is defined by large rudimentary informal markets where everything from basic food produce to clothes, cosmetics and household items are sold. The largest market in the town is Eke Awka, named after one of the four market days (see Igbo calendar). Located on a former community burial ground in the center of the city, Eke Awka has grown from a small market serving the needs of residents of the Agulu, Ezi-Oka and Amikwo sections of Awka to functioning as the main retail outlet for the city and neighbouring towns. It houses an estimated 5,000 lock-up shops and stalls all tightly packed into less than 35,000 square meters of space and has become infamous for causing tremendous traffic chaos with a medley of shoppers, buses, wheel barrows all jostling for the limited amount of space available. The second largest market in Awka is Nkwo Amaenyi located further down on the busy Zik Avenue business district artery. It is far smaller than Eke Awka with less than 100 market stalls in an area estimated at around 3,000 square meters. SupermarketsIn addition to older informal markets there are several supermarkets that have sprung up around the City to cater to customers seeking modern shopping conveniences. Among the most popular include Radopin Supermarket which has two locations in the city, Inter-City Supermarket located in the Amudo section, and opened most recently near the CBN branch office, Roban Stores, a new superstore modeled along the lines of Walmart. Roselife Supermarket and Pharmacy is opened 24hrs, on hand nurses to deal with emergency. It is located at Ultimate Plaza, Regina Junction Awka. It is expected that with the completion of the Ikenga Mall presently under construction, the Shoprite Group of South Africa will also open in the city. UniversitiesAwka has a large university community which at times comprises around 15% of the population of the town. It hosts two primary universities of higher/tertiary education - Nnamdi Azikiwe University and Paul University. Nnamdi Azikiwe University is owned and run by the federal government of Nigeria providing undergraduate and postgraduate education to an estimated student population of 36,000 at its over 100 acre main campus located at Ifite, Awka. Nnamdi Azikiwe University ranks among the top 10 universities in Nigeria in research output. Paul University was founded in 2009 by Bishops of the five ecclesiastical provinces of the Anglican Church East of the Niger as a private university to provide quality undergraduate training in Theology, Natural and Applied Sciences, Social Sciences and Management. The university which is fully residential has an estimated enrollment of around 400 students (expected to reach 3,500) and has replaced St Pauls university College which was founded in 1904 by the Church Missionary Society of the Church of England to train church workers and teachers. ReligionChristianity is the main religion of Awka people although many also retain belief in their traditional religion which encompasses many similar traditions and values as noted by G.T. Basden.[10] The Church Missionary Society (CMS) of the Anglican Church was instrumental in bringing Christianity into Eastern Nigeria through Reverend Samuel Ajayi Crowther who founded the Niger branch in 1857. A teacher's training college in Awka was created in 1904. Its oldest church in the town is believed to be the Church of the Holy Spirit which was completed in 1930. The largest church in the capital city today is the Living Faith Church [Winners Chapel, Awka] with a typical Sunday attendance of over 2,500.[11] The Roman Catholic Church lagged behind the Anglican Church in entering Awka but it has built a larger presence ever since. The Catholic faith has two large cathedrals - St. Patrick’s and St. Mary's Catholic Church in Awka as well as four smaller churches such as SS John and Paul's, St. Anthony's, St. Peter's and St. John's spread around the town. Administratively, since 1977 Awka has served as a diocese for the Roman Catholic Church serving 107 parishes and five chaplaincies. Living Faith Church, Awka [A.K.A. Winners' Chapel, Awka] is the largest Pentecostal Church in the metropolis hosting thousands of worshippers weekly in its yet-to-be filled 5000-seat capacity auditorium. It is also the first church in the State Capital to air all of its major weekly programmes live on Youtube,[12] Twitch[13] and on its official website.[14] HospitalityAs a people well known for travelling, Awka developed an enlightened tolerance and kindness towards guests and strangers which led the British missionaries and colonial authorities to choose the town as a key administrative centre. Today, Awka has become the centre of hospitality in Anambra state adapting to the needs of hosting a wide range of visitors. It has become the place for holding political meetings, where conferences are organized by the state government and Nnamdi Azikiwe University and where other events such as workshops and trainings are hosted by federal institutions such as the CBN, Immigration, Federal Road Safety Commission, and NGOs such as FHI, the World Bank and the UN. Awka has also become a home-away-from-home for members of the large Igbo diaspora when they visit their relatives in Awka and nearby towns providing a measure of western-style comfort and services within a hotel and resort setting. Indeed, within half an hour of Awka, it is estimated that there is a diaspora population numbering well over 100,000. The town currently has over 15 3-star hotels among which the most popular include:
Awka has a bobbling night life. According to James Eze, the Chief Press Secretary to the Governor of Anambra, Abakiliki Street [Now controversially renamed Club Road][15] is "where you have the largest concentration of entertainment hangouts. It is also a part of the city that never sleeps. We have a 24 hours life there. Government has provided adequate security, streetlights, road markings and everything that would encourage a 24 hours life in that axis. That district is gradually evolving into what might be called the Las Vegas of Nigeria especially on Friday nights."[16] This street is usually adorned by sex-hawkers and is lighted up all night everyday. Apart from clubs, lounges, hotels, beer parlours and dance-halls which adorn the street; the Club Road also hosts some prominent and adorable residential houses among which the ever-quintessential Bucon Lodge is one. FestivalsThe Imo-Oka festival is a two weeks-long festival of masquerades and dances held in May at the beginning of the farming season in honour of a female deity who it is hoped would make the land fertile and yield bountiful crops. The festival starts with Awka people visiting the community of Umuokpu with masquerades and it ends with a visit to the Imo-Oka stream on the final day which is heralded by a heavy rain that falls in the late afternoon. There are four major events performed during the festival, the ede-mmuo, ogwu oghugha, egwu Opu-Eke and Egwu Imo-Oka. Egwu Opu Eke is a rich cultural dance performed by female worshipers of Imo-Oka shrine which includes priestesses and ordinary women alike decorated in colourful costume dancing in the market square in honour of the deity controlling the shrine. The Imo-Oka festival showcases a variety of masquerades (mmanwu) from sinister ones which flog spectators to friendly ones which sing or dance. The masquerades are believed to represent the spirits of Awka ancestors coming from the land of the dead for the festival. In 2001 Chinwe Chukwuogo-Roy MBE, a daughter of Awka, exhibited her oil on canvas paintings series of Awka Igbo Masquerades, to great acclaim in the Cork Street Gallery in London, various galleries in New York and Washington and at the Didi Museum in Lagos.[17] Notable people from Awka
Awka town has produced many professors, Doctors, Lawyers, Administrators etc. References1. ^Summing the 2 LGAs Awka North/South as per: {{LGAs and communities of Anambra State}}{{coord|6|12|25|N|7|04|04|E|region:NG_type:city(176858)|display=title}}{{Cities in Nigeria}}{{Authority control}}{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |title=Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census |author=Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette |date=15 May 2007 |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-05-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-05 |df= }} 2. ^ 3. ^{{cite book|title=Harmonization and standardization of Nigerian languages |first1=Francis O. |last1=Egbokhare |first2=S. Oluwole |last2=Oyetade |page=106 |publisher=CASAS |year=2002 |isbn=1-919799-70-2}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Nigeria_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Port%20Harcourt&toplace=Awka&dt1=ChlJ40gsn6P0aRAR2zKIfd0rVIM&dt2=ChIJU-eUi72CQxARU0e9iuuRI88|publisher=Globalfeed.com|accessdate=2016-12-05|title=Map Showing Port Harcourt And Awka with Distance Indicator}} 5. ^{{cite web|last=Achebe |first=Chinua |url=http://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/t/things-fall-apart/study-help/full-glossary-for-things-fall-apart |title=Full Glossary for Things Fall Apart |publisher=Cliffsnotes.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://geoanalyzer.britannica.com/ebc/article-9011472 | title=Britannica Concise Encyclopedia|publisher=Geoanalyzer.britannica.com | accessdate=2007-02-20}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sunmap.eu/weather/africa/nigeria/anambra-state/awka |title=Weather in Africa, Nigeria, Anambra State, Awka Weather and Climate |publisher=Sunmap.eu |date= |accessdate=2014-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301095542/http://www.sunmap.eu/weather/africa/nigeria/anambra-state/awka |archive-date=2014-03-01 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 8. ^Chukwuogo Diaries 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.asp?nr=2685&alt=1 |title=STRUCTURE PLAN FOR AWKA AND SATELLITE TOWNS |publisher=Uhabitat.org |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 10. ^{{cite book|title= Among The Ibos of Nigeria}} 11. ^http://lfcawka.org/about.php 12. ^https://www.youtube.com/lfcawka 13. ^https://www.twitch.tv/lfcawka 14. ^http://lfcawka.org/video 15. ^https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/06/ebonyi-gives-7-day-ultimatum-anambra-restore-abakaliki-street-awka/ 16. ^https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/273513-why-we-renamed-abakaliki-street-in-awka-official.html 17. ^Igbo Masquerade Exhibitions CIR 2006 18. ^Queen's Jubilee portrait unveiled, BBC News, 12 March 2002. 19. ^{{cite web|last=Art |first=Saatchi |url=http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/yourgallery/artist_profile/Chinwe+Chukwuogo-roy/27490.html |title=Sell Artwork, Buy Original Paintings, Art Prints, Discover New Artists | Saatchi Art |publisher=Saatchi-gallery.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 20. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.cambridge-union.org/index.php?page=ZXZlbnQ=&eventid=362 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212221011/http://www.cambridge-union.org/index.php?page=ZXZlbnQ=&eventid=362 |archive-date=2013-12-12 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sga1136.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General Appoints Lieutenant General Chikadibia Isaac Obiakor Of Nigeria As Military Adviser For Peacekeeping Operations |publisher=Un.org |date= |accessdate=2013-12-11}} 2 : State capitals in Nigeria|Cities in Anambra State |
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