| 词条 | Rayén Quitral |
| 释义 |
|name = Rayén Quitral |image = Rayen_Quitral.JPG |image_size = |caption = Quitral in 1938 |alt = A young woman in a black and white 1930s headshot, with plaited hair interwoven with a metallic headdress |birth_name = María Georgina Quitral Espinoza |birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|11|7|df=y}} |birth_place = Iloca, Chile |death_date = {{Death date and age|1979|10|20|1916|11|7|df=y}} |death_place = Santiago, Chile |occupation = Opera singer |years_active = 1937-1967 }}María Georgina Quitral Espinoza, commonly known as Rayén Quitral (7 November 1916 – 20 October 1979),[1] was a Chilean soprano of Mapuche-Picunche origin.[2] Known internationally for her interpretation of the Queen of the Night in the opera The Magic Flute, she was also made famous by her appearances dressed in Mapuche outfits, displaying her pride in her indigenous roots.[3] BiographyRayén Quitral was born in Iloca, a coastal village in the commune of Licantén, in the Province of Curicó, Maule Region. She studied singing in her country and made her debut in the Central Theatre of Santiago in 1937.[4] In 1941, she debuted at the Colón Theatre of Buenos Aires, in the role of the Queen of the Night in the opera The Magic Flute. She made appearances in various countries in the Americas, later residing for a long period in Mexico.[5] In Chile, she sang Lucia de Lammermoor in 1942 and performed as Gilda in Rigoletto in 1943. In 1950, she conducted a concert tour of Italy and France, as well as debuting in London with great success in 1951, once again with The Magic Flute,[5] which led her to make an appearance at Buckingham Palace.[4] In 1967, she retired from the music business. She dedicated her final years to teaching lyrical singing to young people of limited means. On 19 September 1972, the government of Chile awarded her a gratuitous pension.[6] Rayén Quitral died in Santiago on 20 October 1979. References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.musicapopular.cl/3.0/index2.php?op=Artista&id=1513 |title=Rayén Quitral - Biografía |accessdate=15 April 2014 |format=PHP |date=2012 |publisher=www.musicapopular.cl |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416182105/http://www.musicapopular.cl/3.0/index2.php?op=Artista&id=1513 |archivedate=16 April 2014 |df= }} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Quitral, Rayen}}2. ^{{cite book|last1=Lincolao Garcés|first1=Guillermo|title=Memoria para un nuevo siglo: Chile, miradas a la segunda mitad del siglo XX|trans-title=Memory for a new century: Chile, views of the second half of the 20th century|year=2000|publisher=LOM Ediciones |editor-last=Olguín Tenorio|editor-first=Myriam|isbn=978-956-282-222-0|pages=490|last2=Ruíz Rodríguez|first2=Carlos|chapter=Memoria de l@s mapuches urban@as: entre la integración con discriminación y la organización con identidad|trans-chapter=Memory of the urban Mapuche: between integration and discrimination, organization and identity}} 3. ^{{cite book |author1=González, Juan Pablo |author2=Claudio Rolle |lastauthoramp=yes |publisher=Ediciones UC |title=Historia social de la música popular en Chile (1890-1950) |trans-title=Social history of popular music in Chile (1890-1950)|edition=1st |year=2005 |isbn= |pages= }} 4. ^1 {{cite book |title=Los Cafés Literarios en Chile |trans-title=Literary Cafes in Chile |first=Manuel |last=Peña Muñoz |publisher=Archivo del Escritor |year=2001 |pages=219 |isbn=978-956-284-206-8}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.diariolaprensa.cl/site/En%20Centro%20Cultural%20de%20Los%20Escalones%20fue%20lanzado%20libro%20sobre%20Ray%C3%A9n%20Quitral |title=En Centro Cultural de Los Escalones fue lanzado libro sobre Rayén Quitral |accessdate=11 March 2010 |author=La Prensa de Curicó |date=2009 |publisher=www.diraiolaprensa.cl }}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=164350|title=Concede Pension, Por Gracia, A Doña Maria Georgina Quitral Espinoza|first=|date=1972|website=|publisher=leychile.cl|trans-title=Pension awarded to Maria Georgina Quitral Espinoza|accessdate=19 August 2014|author=Library of the National Congree of Chile}} 7 : 1916 births|1979 deaths|Chilean people of Mapuche descent|Chilean female singers|Chilean operatic sopranos|20th-century opera singers|20th-century women singers |
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