词条 | Rebecca Merritt Smith Leonard Austin |
释义 |
She carried on a regular correspondence with botanist J. G. Lemmon and others.[1] Her experiments and correspondences have been published or cited by Asa Gray, John Gill Lemmon, William Canby, Frank Morton Jones, and other prominent botanists of the time.[1][4] LifeRebecca Merritt Smith was born on March 10, 1832[11] in Cumberland County, Kentucky, one of eight children. When she was five her family moved to Missouri: her mother and two sisters soon died. Rebecca eventually attended school in Magnolia, Illinois and at the Granville Academy in Granville, Illinois. By age sixteen she was teaching in rural schools.[5] On June 1852, Rebecca married Dr. Alva Leonard of Magnolia. They moved to Peoria, Illinois. Rebecca learned some medicine from her husband. They had two children: Byron died young, and Mary was born after Dr. Leonard's death. Rebecca lost her savings in the Panic of 1857. She moved to Tennessee to teach, but was threatened and left because of her abolitionist sentiments.[1] Rebecca and her daughter Mary (later Mrs. Hail of Quincy) moved to Minneola, Kansas, where Rebecca taught school before marrying a farmer, James Thomas Austin in 1862.[5][15] He served briefly in the Union Army. The family moved to the mining area of Black Hawk Creek in Plumas County, California[15] arriving there on March 10, 1865.[5] Rebecca cooked and washed clothes for miners and helped those who were sick.[15] Rebecca and her second husband had two more children, Oliver and Josephine[5] (later Mrs. Charles C. Bruce).[6] In spite of the demands of working to support her family and looking after three children, Rebecca began collecting and studying plants. She did "pioneering fieldwork"[4][22] in studying carnivorous plants such as the pitcher plant (Darlingtonia californica). She studied their natural history, their methods of feeding, and the insects they captured.[4][7] In 1872, she met the botanist J. G. Lemmon, who applauded her work as a naturalist.[1] Through her correspondence with Lemmon she became part of a wider network of botanical correspondents that included William Canby, Asa Gray, Frank Morton Jones, Mary Treat, and Charles Darwin.[8][1][4] Collecting and selling plants became a major source of income for Rebecca and her family. In 1875 the Austins moved to Butterfly Valley. In 1883, they moved to Modoc County, California. Her daughter Josephine joined her in studying, collecting and selling specimens from California and Oregon. Along with Mary E. Pulsifer Ames, they are credited with giving "the foundation to our knowledge of the vegetation" of northeastern California.[9] Rebecca died on March 4, 1919 in Chico, California.[10][11] She is buried with her second husband, J. Thomas Austin, in Chico Cemetery.[12] {{botanist|Reb.M.Sm.|inline=yes}} References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |last1=Warner |first1=Nancy J. |title=Rebecca Merritt Smith Austin (1832-1919) |url=http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/rebecca-merritt-smith-austin |website=Harvard Forest |accessdate=8 September 2018}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Austin, Rebecca Merritt Smith Leonard}}{{US-botanist-stub}}2. ^{{cite book |last1=Warner |first1=Nancy J. |title=Taking to the Field: Women Naturalists in the Nineteenth-Century West |date=1995 |publisher=Utah State University. Department of American Studies }} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Mathews |first1=Daniel |title=Natural history of the Pacific Northwest mountains : plants, animals, fungi, geology, climate |date=March 1, 2017 |publisher=Timber Press |location=Portland, Oregon |isbn=978-1604696356 |page=186 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vBGDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186 |accessdate=10 September 2018}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |last1=Sanders |first1=Dawn |title=Behind the Curtain. Treat and Austin’s Contributions to Darwin’s Work on Insectivorous Plants and Subsequent Botanical Studies |journal=Jahrbuch für Europäische Wissenschaftskultur |date=2009 |volume=5 |pages=215-229 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dawn_Sanders/publication/261364812_Sanders_D_200910_Behind_the_curtain_Treat_and_Austin%27s_contributions_to_Darwin%27s_work_on_insectivorous_plants_and_subsequent_botanical_studies_Jahrbuch_fur_Europaische_Wissenschaftskultur_Bd5_285-298/links/00b4953412f8032678000000/Sanders-D-2009-10-Behind-the-curtain-Treat-and-Austins-contributions-to-Darwins-work-on-insectivorous-plants-and-subsequent-botanical-studies-Jahrbuch-fuer-Europaeische-Wissenschaftskultur-Bd5-285.pdf |accessdate=8 September 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |last1=H. |first1=M. A. |title=Life Sketch of Mrs. R. M. Austin |url=http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/sites/harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/files/frankMortonJones/Scanned%20Images/JPEG%20images/obit%202%20%281%29.png |accessdate=9 September 2018 |work=Plumas National-Bulletin |date=March 27, 1919}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Mansfield |first1=George C. |title=History of Butte County, California: with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the county who have been identified with its growth and development from the early days to the present by George C. Mansfield, Chico, CA |date=1918 |publisher=Historic Record Company |location=Los Angeles, California |page=1157 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.29799540;view=1up;seq=1223 |edition=2 vols |accessdate=9 September 2018}} 7. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Juniper |first1=B.E. |last2=Robins |first2=R.J. |last3=Joel |first3=D.M. |title=The carnivorous plants |date=1989 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=9780123921703}} 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Keeney |first1=Elizabeth |title=The botanizers : amateur scientists in nineteenth-century America |date=1992 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=9780807820469 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmteYp73kEYC&pg=PA35 |accessdate=10 September 2018}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Ewan|chapter=San Francisco as a Mecca for Nineteenth Centurv Naturalists |first1=Joseph |title=A century of progress in the natural sciences, 1853-1953 |date=1955 |publisher=California Academy of Sciences |location=San Francisco |page=24-25 |url=https://archive.org/stream/centuryofprogres00cali/centuryofprogres00cali_djvu.txt |accessdate=9 September 2018}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Creese |first1=Mary R.S. |title=Ladies in the laboratory? : American and British women in science, 1800-1900 : a survey of their contributions to research |date=1998 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=978-0810832879 |pages=22-23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amtGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |accessdate=9 September 2018}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last1=Fragnoli |first1=Delaine |title='Full of life and death' History talk explores work of woman botanist |url=http://por.stparchive.com/Archive/POR/POR03232016P11.php |accessdate=9 September 2018 |work=Portola Reporter |date=March 23, 2016|page=1B}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=Rebecca Merritt Smith Austin |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/46370594/rebecca-merritt-austin |website=Find-A-Grave |accessdate=10 September 2018}} 8 : 1832 births|1919 deaths|American naturalists|Women naturalists|19th-century American botanists|20th-century American botanists|19th-century women scientists|20th-century women scientists |
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