| 词条 | Recommerce | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Recommerce or reverse commerce, refers to the process of selling previously owned, new or used products, mainly electronic devices or media such as books, through physical or online distribution channels to companies or consumers willing to repair, if necessary, and reuse, recycle or resell them afterwards. History of the termIn February 2005, in an interview for The New York Times, George F. Colony,[1] chief executive of Forrester Research, was the first to introduce the term recommerce to answer a question about the increase in spending for technology after years budget cuts in large corporations after the Dot Com Bubble bursted: "There's a lot of shelf-life issues out there. People are a couple of releases behind. Older PCs. There is a move to really go back to - we call it 'recommerce'. Instead of 'ecommerce', it's 'recommerce'". He said.[2] The term later evolved and is today primarily used to describe business models revolved around the purchase and sales of used goods by companies. Most of the recommerce businesses are focussed on consumer electronics such as smartphones, tablets and notebooks, but also physical media such as books and DVDs and blue ray discs take a significant share of the recommerce industry. While there was always an informal industry such as garage sales and flea markets to resell used goods the creation of platforms such as eBay or craigslist suddenly allowed private individuals to sell used goods of any kind much more efficiently. In the recent years, beginning from the early 2000s companies started to thrive that professionalized the industry by offering professional buyback or trade-in schemes: it became possible for consumers to sell their old smartphones, TVs or computers when they purchased new ones while purchasing new ones to reduce the cost of the new device as it was already common for decades with cars. Companies such as Gazelle started in the mid 2000s to offer Trade-In services completely separated from the purchase of a new device and further spread the term.[3] Different Types of RecommerceInformal MarketConsumers that sell used goods directly person to person (such as flea markets, garage sales or ad hoc) or via Marketplaces such as Amazon o eBay. Hereby some platforms such as eBay may hedge the risk of the payment for the consumer by providing payment tools such as PayPal or just offer the possibility to market the product such as craigslist. Trade-In & Recommerce ServicesAn increasing amount of transactions occur directly via specialised service companies that purchase used goods, refurbish them if necessary and resell them subsequently. Such platforms often provide initial indications of the final purchase price for the good. Most platforms assist the user during the transaction by offering following services:
This kind of resale allows sellers to overcome some marketplaces drawbacks, by providing a means of simplified acquisition, and immediate and sometimes guarantied value. Buy Back & Trade-In Offers by Vendors of new ProductsEspecially in the electronics sector the purchase and buyback of consumer electronics became very common in recent years. By today all major MNO offer Trade-In solutions combined or detached from the purchase of a new phone. Most of this services are offered by 3rd party refurbishing companies specialised in used electronics.
Types of purchased productsExamples of the main assets of companies acquired by recommerce include:{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}
Many ecommerce services have introduced recommerce solutions, including distributors, online retailers, and chain retailers.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} The various marketing positions recommerceMultiple types of recommerce services are available:
Positive Impact of RecommerceEnvironmentEnvironmental reports by electronics manufactures show that the majority of natural resources for the production of such products are consumed during manufacturing and first transport of the product and not during the use of a product. In many cases the reuse of such a good is significantly more beneficial than the pure recycling as eventual logistics and energy consumptions during the recycling don't occur and a used product can be resold instead of a new product being produced. The reuse of a product is an effective means of reducing products' environmental footprint.[5]
Consumer Purchase PowerThe product holder increases its purchasing power to acquire a new product by selling back its old one.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} The development factorsSeveral factors have greatly accelerated the development of recommerce in developed countries, including:{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}
In France, the rise of recommerce is partly supported by the "Grenelle II" Law, which states that when they are sold under the brand name of a single dealer, it must "provide or contribute to the collection, removal and treatment of electrical and electronic equipment waste instead of the person who manufactures, imports or brings in the domestic market (...) this equipment regardless of the selling technique, including distance selling and electronic sales".{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} Issues of recommerceRecommerce requires a special organization of many functions, such as: logistics management, information systems, customer relations, price control and treatment of the product in the shop, promotion, retention, and resale. Functional products recovered via recommerce solutions are usually put back on the market by the recommercer. Moreover, when this product exceeds local demand, recommercers sometimes turn to foreign markets to sell the products they have purchased. Thus, the recommercer sells some of these used functional products in emerging markets where access to technology and accelerating economic development are reserved for some part of the population.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} References1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/18/business/yourmoney/as-it-goes-so-goes-forrester.html|title=As I.T. Goes, So Goes Forrester?|access-date=2018-10-15|language=en}} 2. ^{{cite journal|publisher=The New York Times|title=As I.T. Goes, So Goes Forrester?|date=February 18, 2005|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/18/business/yourmoney/as-it-goes-so-goes-forrester.html}} 3. ^{{cite journal|title=Making ‘re-commerce’ second nature|journal=The Boston Globe|date=November 7, 2011|url= http://bostonglobe.com/business/2011/11/06/making-commerce-second-nature/lKn1PVPIRySYDaYkPwkWXO/story.html}} 4. ^https://tradein.att.com/#/start-a-trade/discover-device-value 5. ^{{cite journal|title=Why You Should Buy A Second Hand Mobile Phone|journal=Akoda|date=June 13, 2016|url= https://www.akoda.com.au/why-you-should-buy-a-second-hand-mobile-phone}} 6. ^https://images.apple.com/environment/pdf/products/archive/2014/iPhone6_PER_sept2014.pdf See alsoRelated articles
1 : E-commerce |
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