| 词条 | Red złoty |
| 释义 |
BackgroundThe earliest minting of Polish gold coins dates from the 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of Władysław I the Elbow-high. Władysław after becoming king initiated a reform of the monetary system based on similar policies that had been carried out in Hungary, where he had previously spent some years in exile. The coins issued by Władysław's mints were patterned after the ducats first produced by Charles I of Hungary. These were the first red złotys. Only one example has survived. No more gold coins were produced in Poland until the late 15th century and the reign of Alexander Jagiellon.[2] The red złoty was different from the Polish złoty proper, which was the money of account adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496.[1] To combat the confusion and inflation resulting from the different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, Sigismund I the Old around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which included increased minting of the red złoty in Kraków.[2][1] From 1528 the new monetary system was used in the Polish province of Royal Prussia, and in 1569 (following the Union of Lublin and the formation of the Commonwealth), in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[1] The last Polish red złoty were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted at the Warsaw mint in 1831, on the eve of the November Uprising.[2][11] Mint and valueThe red złoty was minted at 3.5 grams of gold.[1] There was also a silver złoty, worth 23.1 grams of silver.[1] In 1526 a monetary scale was introduced in which 1 złoty = 5 szóstaków (sixpences) = 10 trojaków (threepences) = 30 groszy (groschen) = 90 szelągów (shillings) = 180 ternarów/trzeciaków (ternarii) = 540 denarów (denarii).[1][2][3] The value of one red złoty in terms of accounting złotys increased in time, while at the same time the amount of silver found in the grosz decreased.[17][1] for example, in the 16th century the red złoty's value rose from the initial 30 grosze to almost twice that in just a few decades;[19] in the mid-17th century it was worth six accounting Polish złoty (180 groszy),[20] while in late 18th century, one red złoty was worth about 18 Polish accounting złoty (or 540 groszy).[21] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b912JnKpYTkC&pg=PA103|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=24 February 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925339-5|pages=103–104}} [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]2. ^ after {{cite web|url=http://www.linguee.com/english-polish/translation/shillings.html|title=Shillings - Polish translation|location=Linguee|accessdate=2014-01-24}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.historiapieniadza.pl/wp/?page_id=109|title=1386-1434 Ternary (trzeciaki), półgrosze - Władysława Jagiełły i denary Warneńczyka|location=Historia Pieniądza|accessdate=2014-01-24|language=pl}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|author=Peter Paul Bajer|title=Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 16th to 18th Centuries: The Formation and Disappearance of an Ethnic Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzJf9HTGK2kC&pg=PR28|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=2 March 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-21247-3|page=28}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|author=Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie|title=Dzieje narodu polskiego|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wz4uAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA6|accessdate=14 March 2013|year=1835|publisher=U Wilhelma Bogumiła Korna|page=6}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Robert I. Frost|title=After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfIbP8sfC0wC&pg=PR16|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=11 March 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-54402-3|page=16}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|author=Andrzej Jezierski|title=Historia Gospodarcza Polski|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_75stIZO7WAC&pg=PA32|accessdate=16 March 2013|year=2003|publisher=Key Text Wydawnictwo|isbn=978-83-87251-71-0|page=32}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|author=Laurence Senelick|title=National Theatre in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1746-1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9JkIiD-z0IC&pg=PA191|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=25 January 1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24446-6|page=191}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|title=Słownik języka polskiego: A-F|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA365|accessdate=14 March 2013|year=1807|publisher=W. drukarni XX. Piiarów|page=365}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 Zygmunt Gloger, Encyklopedia staropolska, Dukat, 1900—1903 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://gazeta-kolekcjonera.myvimu.com/dukat-powstanczy-1831-kilak-slow-o-pieknej-monecie |author=Kustosz Muzeum Zbiór Monet|title=Dukat powstańczy 1831 – kilka słów o pięknej monecie… |work=Gazeta Kolekcjonera |date= |accessdate=2013-03-14}} }} External links
Further reading
2 : Coins of Poland|Gold coins |
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