“Registration Data Access Protocol”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) is a computer network communications protocol standardized by a working group at the Internet Engineering Task Force in 2015, after experimental developments and thorough discussions. It is a successor to the WHOIS protocol, used to look up relevant registration data from such Internet resources as domain names, IP addresses, and autonomous system numbers.

While WHOIS essentially retrieves free text, RDAP delivers data in a standard, machine-readable JSON format.^[1] In order to accomplish this goal, the output of all operative WHOIS servers was analyzed, taking a census of the labels they used.^[2] RDAP designers, many of whom are members of number or name registries, strove to keep the protocol as simple as possible, since complexity was considered one of the reasons why previous attempts, such as CRISP, failed. RDAP is based on RESTful web services, so that error codes, user identification, authentication, and access control can be delivered through HTTP.^[3]

The biggest delay in getting RDAP done turned out to be the bootstrap, figuring out where the server is for each top level domain, IP range, or ASN range. IANA agreed to host the bootstrap information in suitable registries, and publish it at a well-known location URLs in JSON format. Those registries started empty and will be gradually populated as registrants of domains and address spaces provide RDAP server information to IANA.^[4]^[5] For number registries, ARIN set up a public RDAP service which also features a bootstrap URL, similar to what they do for WHOIS.^[6] For name registries, ICANN requires RDAP compliance since 2013.^[7]^[8]

References

1. ^{{cite IETF| title = JSON Responses for the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)| rfc = 7483| last1 = Newton| first1 = Andrew| last2 = Hollenbeck| first2 = Scott|date=March 2015| publisher = IETF| accessdate = 2016-11-10}}
2. ^{{cite IETF| title = Inventory and Analysis of WHOIS Registration Objects| rfc = 7485| last1 = Zhou| first1 = L.| last2 = Kong| first2 = N.| last3 = Shen| first3 = S.| last4 = Sheng| first4 = S.| last5 = Servin| first5 = A.|date=March 2015| publisher = IETF| accessdate = 2016-11-10}}
3. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.ietf.org/wg/concluded/weirds| title=Web Extensible Internet Registration Data Service (weirds)| date=2015-03-25| publisher=IETF| access-date=2016-11-10}}
4. ^{{cite web| url=https://jl.ly/ICANN/weirds14.writeback| title=The replacement for WHOIS is surprisingly close| author=John Levine| date=2014-09-10| website=jl.ly| accessdate=2016-11-10}}
5. ^{{cite IETF| title = Finding the Authoritative Registration Data (RDAP) Service| rfc = 7484| last1 = Blanchet| first1 = Marc|date=March 2015| publisher = IETF| accessdate = 2016-11-10}}
6. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.arin.net/resources/rdap.html| title=The Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)| date=2015-06-22| publisher=ARIN| accessdate=2016-11-10}}
7. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en |title = 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement |publisher = ICANN |quote = Following the publication by the IETF of a Proposed Standard, Draft Standard or Internet Standard and any revisions thereto (as specified in RFC 2026) relating to the web-based directory service as specified in the IETF Web Extensible Internet Registration Data Service working group, Registrar shall implement the directory service specified in any such standard (or any revision thereto) no later than 135 days after such implementation is requested by ICANN |accessdate = 2016-11-10 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170607183437/https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en |archivedate = 2017-06-07 |df = }}
8. ^{{cite web| url=https://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/agb/agreement-approved-02jul13-en.pdf| title=New gTLD Agreement| date=2013-07-02| author=New gTLD Program Committee (NGPC)| publisher=ICANN| quote=Registry Operator shall implement a new standard supporting access to domain name registration data (SAC 051) no later than one hundred thirty-five (135) days after it is requested by ICANN if: 1) the IETF produces a standard (i.e., it is published, at least, as a Proposed Standard RFC as specified in RFC 2026); and 2) its implementation is commercially reasonable in the context of the overall operation of the registry| accessdate=2016-11-10}}

References

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