请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport
释义

  1. History

  2. Facilities

     Runways and taxiways  Terminals  Navigational aids 

  3. Developments

      Past    Current  

  4. Airlines and destinations

     Passenger  Cargo 

  5. Statistics

     Passenger figures  Busiest routes 

  6. Accidents and incidents

  7. Access

     Car  Bus  Rail 

  8. Trivia

  9. See also

  10. References

  11. External links

{{Infobox airport
| name = São Paulo/Guarulhos–
Governador André Franco Montoro
International Airport
| nativename = Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governador André Franco Montoro
| image = GRUairportlogo.svg
| image-width = 300
| image2 = Saopaulo aerea aeroportocumbica.jpg
| image2-width = 300
| IATA = GRU
| ICAO = SBGR
| LID =
| GPS =
| WMO =
| type = Public/Military
| owner-oper =
| owner =
| operator = GRU Airport Invepar-ACSA
| city-served = São Paulo metropolitan area
| location = Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| hub =
  • Avianca Brazil
  • LATAM Brasil
  • LATAM Chile
  • Gol Transportes Aéreos

| focus_city =
  • Azul Brazilian Airlines

| metric-elev = yes
| opened = 1985
| elevation-f = 2,459
| elevation-m = 750
| website = {{URL|http://www.gru.com.br/en}}
| coordinates = {{coord|23|26|8|S|46|28|23|W|region:BR-SP|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Brazil São Paulo State#Brazil#South America
| pushpin_label = GRU
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in São Paulo State
| metric-rwy = yes
| r1-number = 09R/27L
| r1-length-f = 9,843
| r1-length-m = 3,000
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| r2-number = 09L/27R
| r2-length-f = 12,139
| r2-length-m = 3,700
| r2-surface = Asphalt
| stat-year = 2018
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 42,831,981 {{increase}} 13.41%[1]
| stat2-header = Aircraft operations
| stat2-data = 292,818 {{increase}} 10.08%
| stat3-header = Metric tonnes of cargo (2017)
| stat3-data = 370.304{{increase}} 21.7%
| footnotes = {{Plainlist|
  • Statistics: Infraero[2]
  • GRU airport[3] Sources: Infraero[4] ANAC[5]

}}São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governador André Franco Montoro International Airport {{airport codes|GRU|SBGR}}, often referred to as GRU Airport, or simply GRU, is the primary international airport serving São Paulo. It is popularly known locally as either Cumbica Airport, after the district where it is located and the Brazilian Air Force base that still exists at the airport complex, or Guarulhos Airport, after the municipality of Guarulhos, in the São Paulo metropolitan area, where it is located. Since November 28, 2001 the airport has been named after André Franco Montoro (1916–1999), former Governor of São Paulo state.[6] The airport was rebranded as GRU Airport in 2012.[7]

In Brazil the airport was ranked first in terms of transported passengers, aircraft operations, and cargo handled in 2012, placing it as the second busiest airport in Latin America by passenger traffic (36,596,326 in 2016)[8] after Mexico City International Airport.[3] Guarulhos has slot restrictions, operating with a maximum of 45 operations/hour[9] and being one of the five airports with such restrictions in Brazil (the others are São Paulo-Congonhas, Brasília, Belo Horizonte-Pampulha and Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont).[10]

Since 2012, the airport has been operated by a consortium composed of Invepar S/A, Airports Company South Africa, and Infraero.[11] Some of its facilities are shared with the São Paulo Air Force Base of the Brazilian Air Force.

History

On June 6, 1967, in response to the growth of the air traffic in Brazil, the Brazilian military government initiated studies concerning the renovation of the airport infrastructure in Brazil. As part of the conclusions of these studies, because of their location, strategic importance, and security issues, new passenger facilities would be constructed in the areas of Galeão Air Force Base in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo Air Force Base in São Paulo.

In relation to São Paulo, the initial planning of the airport involved three runways and four passenger terminals. However, the first phase of the construction comprising two runways and two terminals started only on August 11, 1980. The airport was officially inaugurated on January 20, 1985. Quickly Guarulhos became the city's primary airport, supplanting São Paulo–Congonhas Airport.

In 1989 the runways were extended and the terminals renovated, enlarged, and had their capacity increased from 7.5 million to 8.25 million passengers/year. The whole complex covered {{convert|3425|acre|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|5|km2|acre}} is urbanised area.

Construction of Terminal 3, capable of handling 12 million passengers per year, had been planned since 2001 but due to a myriad of political and economic problems, the actual construction didn't begin until 2011.

In 2010, the airport served more than 26.8 million passengers, an increase of 24% over 2009 and passenger volumes were 31% in excess of its capacity rated at 20.5 million per year at its present configuration.[2]

In order to relieve the acute overcrowding at Terminals 1 and 2, Infraero announced on May 17, 2011 that the former cargo terminals of defunct airlines VASP and Transbrasil, later used by Federal Agencies, would undergo renovations and adaptations for use as domestic passenger terminals with remote boarding. This new terminal was initially called Terminal 4 (T4).[12] The first phase of the renovations, comprising the former VASP terminal, opened on February 8, 2012,[13][14] and the second phase, comprising the former Transbrasil terminal,was opened in June 2013. Contrary to what had been announced before, the new terminal will be permanent. Webjet was the first airline to use the new facility.[15] The new terminal, in its first phase, increased the capacity of the airport in 5.5 million passengers/year and, in the second phase to 8 million passengers/year. In total, Guarulhos would then be able to handle 28.5 million passengers/year.[16]

Following a decision made on April 26, 2011 by the Federal Government for private companies being granted concessions to explore some Infraero airports,[17] on February 6, 2012, the administration of the airport was conceded, for 20 years, to the Consortium Invepar-ACSA composed by the Brazilian Invepar, an Investments and Funds Society (90%) and the South African ACSA – Airports Company South Africa (10%).[18] Infraero, the state-run organisation, will remain with 49% of the shares of the company incorporated for the administration.[19][20]

On December 2, 2015, the airport's terminals were renumbered. Former Terminal 4 was renumbered Terminal 1; former terminals 1 and 2, which were wings of a single building, became the new Terminal 2. Terminal 3 kept its numbering. The new numbering reflects the order by which terminals are reached when one arrives at the airport by the access road, and is expected to be less confusing in the long term. Check-in counters and gates were also renumbered, with the first digit being now the new terminal number.[21]

On October 28, 2015, the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (Anac) authorised Airbus A380 operations at Guarulhos Airport, effective four days later. The authorisation was granted after extensive works were conducted on the runways and taxiways (including widening runway 09L/27R to 60 metres)[22] and special taxiing procedures were established.[23] On November 14, 2015, Emirates operated a one-time special flight with the A380 on its Dubai-São Paulo route to commemorate its eight years of operations in Brazil.[24]

On March 26, 2017, Emirates started daily A380 service from Dubai to São Paulo, replacing the Boeing 777-300ER previously used on that route – coincidentally, on the same day that the other UAE airline, Etihad, ended its services to São Paulo.[25]

Facilities

Runways and taxiways

GRU has two parallel runways. Runway 09R/27L is {{convert|9843|ft|m|order=flip}} long and {{convert|148|ft|m|order=flip}} wide, while runway 09L/27R is {{convert|12140|ft|m|order=flip}} long and {{convert|60|m|ft}} wide, after being widened in 2015 to better receive the Airbus A380.[26][22] The field elevation at the airport is {{convert|2459|ft|m|order=flip}} above mean sea level.[27] Runway 09R/27L is used preferentially for landings and runway 09L/27R preferentially for takeoffs, but the Airbus A380 uses the longer and wider latter runway for both landing and taking off.[22] There are high-speed exit taxiways on both runways that allow for traffic to depart the runway at higher speed to allow better efficiency for landing and takeoff traffic. As of 2014, there was an average of 650 takeoff and landing operations per day at the airport.[4]

Terminals

The airport has three passenger terminals, numbered 1, 2, and 3, according to their order along the airport access road when arriving from the city.

  • Terminal 1 is the smallest and simplest. It has only domestic flights, and as of July 2016, only two airlines operate there: Azul and Passaredo. Terminal 1 has no jet bridges and no direct access to the other terminals, which can only be reached by a free shuttle bus.
  • Terminal 2 is the oldest and largest, and for many years was the sole airport terminal, although its two wings were considered different terminals at the time. It has the majority of domestic flights and to Latin American destinations, as well as a few intercontinental flights.
  • Terminal 3 is the newest and most modern. It has only international flights and concentrates most long-haul intercontinental traffic, in addition to the LATAM Group's Latin American flights. Five of the terminal's gates can accommodate the Airbus A380.[23]

Terminals 2 and 3 are directly linked by a walkway.[21]

The airport also has a large air cargo terminal with a built area of {{convert|97000|m2|sqft}} and capable of handling any type of cargo, including refrigerated and hazardous shipments.[28]

Navigational aids

There are two navigational aids that GRU traffic uses. The Bonsucesso very high frequency omnidirectional range with distance measuring equipment (VOR-DME) is located {{convert|4.9|nmi|order=flip}} to the east of GRU.[26]

Developments

Past

Infraero unveiled a R$ 1,489.5 million (US$784.7 USD million; €549.8 EUR million) investment plan to upgrade Guarulhos International Airport, focusing on preparations for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics in 2016. The investment was supposed to be used as follows:[29]
  • Construction of additional taxiways. Cost: R$ 19M. Completion: April 2016.
  • Enlargement of apron and taxiways. Cost: R$370,5M. Completion: May 2016.
  • Construction of passenger Terminal 3. Cost: R$1,100M. Completed: March 2014. Opened for Star Alliance airlines in May.

Central to this investment plan was Terminal 3, which is projected to add 12 million passenger capacity to the 17 million of the existing two terminals. Plans for a third runway were decided to be "technically impracticable" and were cancelled in January 2008.

However, the former concessionary, Infraero, experienced many legal and bureaucratic difficulties, which prevented most (if any) of these improvements from being completed on schedule. As of April 2013, the new concessionary unveiled a new expansion project, which included the new Terminal 3 (with a different design than the one proposed by Infraero), the widening of the main runway in order to enable operations by the large Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8, operated by Emirates and Lufthansa respectively, and several other improvements in the existing terminals and parking area.

The terminal 3 is open and all Star Alliance airlines are in, as well as many other overseas carriers. International flights by LATAM also use the facitity.

A train service development and construction has also been planned, however never concluded and cancelled. This included an Airport Express Line linking the airport to downtown São Paulo and a Rio–São Paulo high-speed rail connecting Guarulhos to Rio de Janeiro-Galeão and Campinas-Viracopos airports.[30]

Current

Since March 2017 American Airlines invested $100 million USD on a {{convert|17000|m2|abbr=on}} maintenance hangar at Guarulhos Airport, building together with the LATAM Hangar of R$130 millions.[31] The American Airlines one is capable of performing line maintenance on two wide-body aircraft at the same time, of the types commonly used by the U.S. company on routes between São Paulo and the United States and the LATAM one is capable of performing line maintenance of one wide-body aircraft. It could also be used by other companies as storage for parts. The same conditions applies to the LATAM maintenance center.[32]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

{{Airport destination list
|Aerolíneas Argentinas | Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Jujuy
Seasonal: San Carlos de Bariloche

|Aerolíneas Argentinas Oerated by Austral Líneas Aéreas | Buenos Aires-Ezeiza
|Aeroméxico | Mexico City
|Air Canada | Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau (begins December 12, 2019)[33]
|Air China | Beijing–Capital,[34] Madrid
|Air Europa | Madrid
|Air France | Paris–Charles de Gaulle
|Alitalia | Rome–Fiumicino
|American Airlines | Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–JFK
|Avianca Brazil | Aracaju, Belo Horizonte–Confins, Belém (ends April 1, 2019), Bogotá, Brasília, Chapecó, Campo Grande, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Foz do Iguaçu, Goiânia, João Pessoa, Juazeiro do Norte, Maceió, Natal, Navegantes, Petrolina, Porto Alegre, Recife, Salvador da Bahia,Vitória
|Avianca Colombia | Bogotá
|Avianca Perú | Lima
|Azul Brazilian Airlines |Belo Horizonte–Confins, Brasília, Cascavel, Cuiabá, Curitiba,Florianópolis, Londrina, Maceió, Manaus (Begins 1 July 2019), Maringá, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont, Vitoria
|Boliviana de Aviación | Cochabamba, Santa Cruz de la Sierra–Viru Viru
|British Airways | London–Heathrow
|Copa Airlines | Panama City
|Delta Air Lines | Atlanta, New York–JFK
|Divi Divi Air | Seasonal Charter: Curaçao[35]
|Emirates | Dubai–International, Santiago (ends 31 May 2019)[36]
|Ethiopian Airlines | Addis Ababa, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza
|Gol Transportes Aéreos | Aracaju, Asunción, Belém, Belo Horizonte–Confins, Brasília, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campo Grande, Chapecó, Cordoba, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Foz do Iguaçu, Goiânia, João Pessoa, Juazeiro do Norte, Londrina, Maceió, Manaus, Maringá, Mendoza, Montevideo, Natal, Navegantes, Petrolina, Porto Alegre, Porto Seguro, Punta Cana, Quito, Recife, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont, Salvador da Bahia, Santiago de Chile, Santa Cruz de la Sierra–Viru Viru, São Luís, Teresina, Uberlândia, Vitória
Seasonal Charter: Fort-de-France
|Iberia | Madrid
|KLM | Amsterdam
|LATAM Argentina | Buenos Aires–Aeroparque, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza
|LATAM Brasil | Aracaju, Barcelona, Belém, Belo Horizonte–Confins, Bogotá, Boston, Brasília, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campo Grande, Córdoba, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Foz do Iguaçu, Frankfurt, Goiânia, Ilhéus, João Pessoa, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Joinville, Lima, Lisbon,[37] London–Heathrow, Londrina, Maceió, Madrid, Manaus, Mendoza, Mexico City, Miami, Milan–Malpensa, Montevideo, Natal, Navegantes, New York–JFK, Orlando, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Porto Alegre, Porto Seguro, Porto Velho, Punta del Este, Recife, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont, Rome–Fiumicino, Rosario, Salvador da Bahia, San Miguel de Tucumán,[38] Santa Cruz de la Sierra-Viru Viru, Santiago de Chile, São José, São Luís, Stanley–Mount Pleasant, Teresina, Uberlândia, Vitória
Seasonal: Las Vegas,[39][40] San Carlos de Bariloche
|LATAM Chile | Santiago de Chile, Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion[41]
|LATAM Paraguay | Asunción
|LATAM Perú | Lima
|Lufthansa | Frankfurt
|Paranair | Asunción
|Passaredo Linhas Aéreas | Ribeirão Preto, Uberlândia, Vitória da Conquista
|Qatar Airways | Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Doha
|Royal Air Maroc | Casablanca
|Sky Airline | Santiago de Chile
|South African Airways | Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo
|{{nowrap|Swiss International Air Lines}} | Zürich
|TAAG Angola Airlines | Luanda
|TAP Air Portugal | Lisbon, Porto
|Turkish Airlines | Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Istanbul–Atatürk (ends 4 April 2019), Istanbul (begins 5 April 2019) [42]
|United Airlines | Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles
}}

Cargo

{{Airport destination list
|Avianca Brasil Cargo | Manaus
|LATAM Cargo Brasil | Belém–Val de Cans, Belo Horizonte-Confins, Brasília, Cabo Frio, Campinas, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Manaus, Miami, Porto Alegre, Recife, Santiago do Chile, Vitória
|Lufthansa Cargo | Campinas, Dakar–Diass, Frankfurt
Seasonal: Natal
|Qatar Airways Cargo | Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Doha, Luxembourg, Santiago do Chile
|Sideral Air Cargo | Brasília, Cuiabá, Manaus, Recife, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Salvador
|Total Linhas Aéreas | Belo Horizonte–Confins, Curitiba–Afonso Pena, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Vitória
}}

Statistics

Passenger figures

Year 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004
Passengers 42,831,981 37,744,000 36,596,326 38,985,000 39,573,000 36,460,923 32,177,594 29,964,108 26,849,185 21,727,649 20,997,813 19,560,963 16,580,842 16,855,026 12,940,193
Cargo (t) 339,828 343,784 448,274 465,255 384,587 351,788 425,884 424,157 419,848 470,944 435,594

Busiest routes

Busiest international routes in 2017
Ranking City Seats Companies serving the route
1Chile}} Santiago 1,077,731 Avianca Brazil, Gol Transportes Aéreos, LATAM Brasil, LATAM Chile
2US}} Miami 1,000,112 American Airlines, Avianca Brazil, LATAM Brasil
3US}} New York-JFK/Newark 996,028 American Airlines, Avianca Brazil, Delta Air Lines, LATAM Brasil, United Airlines
4Argentina}} Buenos Aires 732,802 Aerolíneas Argentinas, Austral Líneas Aéreas, Ethiopian Airlines, Gol Transportes Aéreos, LATAM Argentina, LATAM Brasil, Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines
5Spain}} Madrid 637,428 Air China, Air Europa, Iberia, LATAM Brasil
6France}} Paris 621,685 Air France, LATAM Brasil
7Uruguay}} Montevideo 604,713 Gol Transportes Aéreos, LATAM Brasil
8Peru}} Lima 595,230 Avianca Perú, LATAM Brasil, LATAM Perú
9UK}} London 574,937 British Airways, LATAM Brasil
10Germany}} Frankfurt 522,806 LATAM Brasil, Lufthansa
11Colombia}} Bogotá 514,020 Avianca, LATAM Brasil
12Panama}} Panama City 421,206 Copa Airlines
13Portugal}} Lisbon 417,788 LATAM Brasil, TAP Portugal
14Paraguay}} Asunción 349,131 Gol Transportes Aéreos, LATAM Brasil, LATAM Paraguay
15US}} Orlando 348,272 Delta Air Lines, LATAM Brasil
16Mexico}} Mexico City 312,823 Aeroméxico, LATAM Brasil

Accidents and incidents

  • On January 28, 1986, a VASP Boeing 737-2A1 registered PP-SME flying from Guarulhos to Belo Horizonte unknowingly tried to take-off from Guarulhos, during foggy conditions, from a taxiway. The take-off was aborted, but the aircraft overran, collided with a dyke and broke in two. One passenger died.[43]
  • On March 21, 1989, a Transbrasil cargo Boeing 707-349C registered PT-TCS operating flight 801, flying from Manaus to São Paulo-Guarulhos, crashed at the district of Vila Barros in Guarulhos, shortly before touch-down at runway 09R. That day, at 12:00, the runway was going to be closed for maintenance and the crew decided to speed up procedures to touch-down before closure (it was already 11:54). In a hurry, one of the crew members, by mistake, activated the air-dynamic brakes, and the aircraft lost too much speed to have enough aerodynamic support (resulting in a stall). As a consequence the aircraft crashed approximately {{convert|2|km|mi}} from the airport. There were 25 fatalities, of which three were crew members and 22 were civilians on the ground. As well as the 22 fatalities, there were over 100 injured on the ground.[44]
  • On March 2, 1996, a Madrid Táxi Aéreo Gates Learjet 25D registered PT-LSD transporting the Brazilian comedy rock band Mamonas Assassinas crashed into Cantareira mountain range, located north of the airport, at 23:16 local time killing all 9 passengers on board. The aircraft was on final approach to land on the runway 09R, but went around. As it flew toward the runway for a second attempt to land, the ATC instructed the pilots to make a right turn heading south, but they turned north (left) and crashed into the mountain range at {{convert|3300|ft|m}}, {{convert|6.2|mi|km|order=flip}} from the airport.
  • On September 14, 2002, a Total Linhas Aéreas ATR42-312 registered PT-MTS on a cargo flight between São Paulo-Guarulhos and Londrina crashed while en route near Paranapanema. The crew of 2 died.[45]

Access

The airport is located {{convert|25|km|0|abbr=on}} from downtown São Paulo.

Car

The airport has its own highway system: Rodovia Hélio Smidt Highway which connects the airport to Presidente Dutra Highway or Ayrton Senna Highway. Residents of Guarulhos can access the road via Monteiro Lobato Avenue. Taxi stands are located outside each of the two terminals on the Arrivals level; inside there are car rental agency representatives.

Bus

Bus transportation is available through the Airport Bus Service, an executive bus line, administered by EMTU and operated by Consórcio Internorte – Área 3. This service provides transportation connecting Guarulhos to Congonhas airport; to Tietê Bus Terminal; to Palmeiras-Barra Funda Intermodal Terminal, to Faria Lima Ave; To Republica Square (Praça da República); To Berrini Ave., Itaim Bibi district; and to the circuit of hotels along Paulista Avenue and Rua Augusta. The ride takes about one hour, depending on traffic.[46] At the airport, tickets can be purchased at the counter located outside the lounge of the Terminal 1, Wing B's arrivals level.

Pássaro Marron/EMTU, a syndicate of the Internorte Consortium, offers two regular bus lines, 257 and 299, connecting Tatuapé subway station (Line 3-Red) with Guarulhos Airport every 30 minutes. At Tatuapé, both buses can be picked up on a platform of that multimodal station's North side bus terminal. At the airport, the stop for both buses is at the Arrivals level road connecting the wings of Terminal 2.

Gol Airlines and LATAM offer for their passengers free bus transfers between Guarulhos and Congonhas airports at regular times.[47][48]

Viação Cometa offers daily departures to and from the airport and the cities of Santos, Sorocaba, São Vicente, and Praia Grande.[49] Lirabus operates daily buses between the airport and Campinas. Pássaro Marron offers bus services to São José dos Campos with departures every two hours. Viação Transdutra connects the airport with the city of Arujá.

Rail

Line 13 of the São Paulo commuter rail system, operated by CPTM, connects with the airport through Aeroporto-Guarulhos Station. This line started its operations experimentally on March 31, 2018.[50] The line was opened initially on a trial phase and operates only on Saturdays and Sundays from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., with trains every 30 minutes to the suburban station of Engenheiro Goulart in eastern São Paulo city, from where a further connection with CPTM's line 12 and at least another one by subway will be necessary to reach downtown and the main business areas. Service will be expanded in May 2018 to seven days a week, but still only from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Full service from 4 a.m. to midnight is expected in late June 2018.[51]

Additionally, from late June 2018 there will be a "Connect" direct service to Brás railway station, linked to line 3-Red of the São Paulo Metro, and an "Airport Express" direct service to Luz station, linked to lines 1-Blue and 4-Yellow. However, the "Connect" service will only operate at peak hours (5 a.m.-9 a.m. and 4 p.m.-8 p.m.), and the "Airport Express" service will only have four departures a day.[51]

Aeroporto-Guarulhos station is opposite Terminal 1, which is Guarulhos Airport's smallest and least busy, and not linked to the other terminals except by a shuttle bus. The GRU Airport company reportedly vetoed a station closer to much busier Terminals 2 and 3 because it intended to build a shopping mall at the proposed location.[52] The excessive number of complicated train changes through crowded commuter rail and subway lines, and the added inconvenience of the shuttle bus from Terminal 1 for most passengers, especially carrying luggage, has attracted criticism to the São Paulo state government, responsible for São Paulo's subway and commuter rail systems, which has been accused of flawed planning and overindulgence with the airport's private concessionaire.[52]

Trivia

  • The Tropic of Capricorn goes directly through runway 09R/27L, at exactly 23° 26' 12.9″ S, 46° 28' 47" W as of April 2018 (the exact latitude of the Tropics varies by a fraction of an arc-second every year).[53]

See also

  • List of airports in Brazil
{{clear right}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gru.com.br/en/institutional/sobre-gru-airport/operational-information|title=GRU Airport - Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo|website=GRU Airport - Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo|accessdate=November 27, 2017}}
2. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.infraero.gov.br/images/stories/Estatistica/2012/MovimentoOperacional2012.pdf | title=Movimento operacional da rede Infraero de janeiro a dezembro de 2012 | publisher=Infraero | language=Portuguese | date=January 14, 2013 | accessdate=January 16, 2013 }}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
3. ^1 http://www.gru.com.br/Content/Media/f8d266ad-5225-4698-bbef-1b4dae5abf6d.pdf{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
4. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.infraero.com.br/index.php/us/airports/sao-paulo/sao-paulo-international-airport.html | title=Sao Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport | publisher=Infraero | accessdate=April 29, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617210143/http://www.infraero.com.br/index.php/us/airports/sao-paulo/sao-paulo-international-airport.html | archive-date=June 17, 2015 | dead-url=yes | df=mdy-all }}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www2.anac.gov.br/arquivos/pdf/aerodromos/AerodromosPublicos.xls | title=Lista de aeródromos públicos | publisher=ANAC | language=Portuguese}}
6. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/LEIS_2001/L10314.htm | title=Lei n˚10.314, de 28 de novembro de 2001 | publisher=Lei Direto | language=Portuguese | date=November 28, 2001 | accessdate=August 8, 2011}}
7. ^{{cite web | url=http://propmark.uol.com.br/agencias/42529:aeroporto-de-guarulhos-adota-nova-identidade-gru-airport | title=Aeroporto de Guarulhos adota nova identidade: GRU Airport | publisher=Editora Referência | work=propmark | date=November 27, 2012 | accessdate=April 29, 2014 | author=Dores, Kelly | language=Portuguese | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429201922/http://propmark.uol.com.br/agencias/42529:aeroporto-de-guarulhos-adota-nova-identidade-gru-airport | archive-date=April 29, 2014 | dead-url=yes | df=mdy-all }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gru.com.br/en/institutional/sobre-gru-airport/operational-information|title=GRU Airport - Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo|website=GRU Airport - Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo|accessdate=November 27, 2017}}
9. ^{{Cite web | last=Komatsu | first=Alberto | url=http://www.valoronline.com.br/?impresso/empresas/95/6158316/anac-vai-por-limite-de-pouso-e-decolagem-em-mais-seis-aeroportos | title=ANAC vai por limite de pouso e decolagem em mais seis aeroportos | publisher=Valor Online | date=March 16, 2010 | language=Portuguese | accessdate=March 19, 2010 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68ZnOs27E?url=http://www.valor.com.br/?impresso%2Fempresas%2F95%2F6158316%2Fanac-vai-por-limite-de-pouso-e-decolagem-em-mais-seis-aeroportos | archivedate=June 21, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}
10. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.senado.gov.br/noticias/Jornal/emdiscussao/revista-em-discussao-ediao-novembro-2010/materias/anac-restringe-pousos-e-decolagens.aspx | title = Anac restringe pousos e decolagens | accessdate = 2013-09-18 | date = November 2010 | work = Revista em Discussão | publisher = Senado Federal (Brazilian Federal Senate) | language = Portuguese}}
11. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.invepar.com.br/en/areas-of-expertise/airports/ | title=Invepar Website. | accessdate=November 17, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200533/http://www.invepar.com.br/en/areas-of-expertise/airports/ | archive-date=January 2, 2014 | dead-url=yes | df=mdy-all }}
12. ^{{Cite web | url=http://economia.estadao.com.br/noticias/economia,galpao-vira-terminal-em-guarulhos,67459,0.htm | title=Galpão vira terminal em Guarulhos | publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo | date=May 18, 2011 | accessdate=May 20, 2011 | language=Portuguese | first=Marta | last=Salomon}}
13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.valor.com.br/brasil/1141298/terminal-de-guarulhos-fica-pronto-so-em-2012 | title=Terminal de Guarulhos fica pronto só em 2012 | publisher=Valor Econômico | date=December 16, 2012 | accessdate=December 17, 2012 | language=Portuguese | first=André | last=Borges}}
14. ^{{cite web | url=http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/brasil/novo-terminal-de-cumbica-fica-so-para-janeiro | title=Novo terminal de Cumbica fica só para janeiro | publisher=Veja | date=December 18, 2011 | accessdate=December 23, 2011 | language=Portuguese}}
15. ^{{Cite web | url=http://economia.estadao.com.br/noticias/neg%C3%B3cios,webjet-passa-a-utilizar-o-terminal-4-de-cumbica-no-dia-8,101654,0.htm | title=Webjet passa a utilizar o terminal 4 de Cumbica no dia 8 | publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo | date=February 2, 2012 | accessdate=February 4, 2012 | language=Portuguese}}
16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/cidades,cumbica-inaugura-no-dia-20-mais-um-terminal-a-2-quilometros-dos-atuais,805083,0.htm | title=Cumbica inaugura no dia 20 mais um terminal, a 2 quilômetros dos atuais | publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo | language=Portuguese | date=December 1, 2011 | access-date=December 1, 2011 | first=Nataly | last=Costa}}
17. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.valoronline.com.br/online/transportes/15/417433/governo-define-concessao-de-obras-em-3-aeroportos-diz-palocci | title=Governo define concessão de obras em 3 aeroportos, diz Palocci | publisher=Valor Online | date=April 26, 2011 | accessdate=May 16, 2011 | language=Portuguese | first=Rafael | last=Bitencourt}}
18. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.valor.com.br/impresso/empresas/cumbica-viracopos-e-brasilia-sao-privatizados | title=Cumbica, Viracopos e Brasília são privatizados | publisher=Valor Econômico | date=February 7, 2012 | accessdate=March 22, 2012 | language=Portuguese | first=Daniel | last=Rittner}}
19. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.estadao.com.br/estadaodehoje/20110601/not_imp726552,0.php | title=Governo pretende privatizar três aeroportos e abrir o capital da Infraero | publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo: Economia | date=June 1, 2011 | accessdate=March 22, 2012 | language=Portuguese | first1=Marta | last1=Salomon | first2=Tânia | last2=Monteiro}}
20. ^{{cite news | publisher= Centre for Aviation | title=Brazil moves swiftly (at last) to award airport concessions |date= February 9, 2014 | url=http://www.centreforaviation.com/analysis/brazil-moves-swiftly-at-last-to-award-airport-concessions-67568|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140315134601/http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/brazil-moves-swiftly-at-last-to-award-airport-concessions-67568|archivedate= March 15, 2014|deadurl= no}}
21. ^1 {{cite news |last=Gallo |first=Ricardo |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2015/11/1705283-aeroporto-de-guarulhos-troca-numero-de-portoes-e-terminais.shtml |title=Aeroporto de Guarulhos troca número de portões e terminais |language=Portuguese |work=Folha de S. Paulo |date=November 12, 2015 |accessdate=2016-04-06 }}
22. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Casagrande |first=Vinícius |url=https://todosabordo.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2017/02/02/pistas-de-guarulhos-sao-alargadas-para-voos-diarios-do-maior-aviao-do-mundo/ |title=Pistas de Guarulhos são alargadas para voos diários do maior avião do mundo |language=Portuguese|work=Todos a Bordo |publisher=UOL |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=2017-03-28 }}
23. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.gru.com.br/pt-br/Imprensa/gru-airport-obtem-autorizacao-para-operar-o-a380|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112011434/http://www.gru.com.br/pt-br/Imprensa/gru-airport-obtem-autorizacao-para-operar-o-a380|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2015-11-12|title=GRU Airport obtém autorização para operar o A380|language=pt|publisher=GRU Airport|date=October 2015|accessdate=2016-07-13}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emirates.com/english/about/media-centre/2759181/emirates-to-operate-one-off-a380-flight-to-sao-paulo|title=Emirates to Operate One-off A380 Flight to Sao Paulo|date=October 27, 2015|publisher=Emirates Airline|accessdate=2016-07-13}}
25. ^{{cite news |last=Carvalho |first=Rafael |url=http://www.essemundoenosso.com.br/maior-aviao-de-passageiros-do-mundo-sp/ |title=Maior avião de passageiros do mundo, A380 pousa em SP; veja fotos |language=Portuguese |work=Esse Mundo É Nosso |location=São Paulo |publisher=R7.com |date=March 17, 2017 |accessdate=2017-03-28 }}
26. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=BR32944&sch=SBGR|title=World Aero Data: GUARULHOS GOV ANDRE FRANCO MONTOURO [sic] – SBGR|publisher=|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gcmap.com/airport/SBGR|title=GRU – São Paulo [Guarulhos Intl], SP, BR – Airport – Great Circle Mapper|publisher=|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grucargo.com.br/cargo-terminal.aspx|title=GRU Airport Cargo|publisher=GRU Airport|accessdate=2016-07-13}}
29. ^{{Cite news | last=Rittner | first=Daniel | last2=Braga | first2=Paulo Victor | title=Infraero vai gastar R$5 bi em reforma de aeroportos | newspaper=Valor Econômico | pages=A4 | date=August 31, 2009 | url=http://www.valoronline.com.br | language=Portuguese|access-date=November 2, 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tavbrasil.gov.br/ | title=Trem de alta velocidade | publisher=Brazilian Ministry of Transportation | language=Portuguese | accessdate=August 7, 2011 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809061125/http://www.tavbrasil.gov.br/ | archivedate=August 9, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}
31. ^{{cite news |last=Le Sénéchal |first=André |url=http://www.aeroin.net/american-projeta-hangar-de-manutencao-no-gru-airport/ |title=American projeta um hangar de US$100 milhões no GRU Airport |language=Portuguese |work=Aero In |date=March 12, 2017 |accessdate=2017-07-06 }}
32. ^{{cite news |last=Kasper |first=Marty |url=http://www.newson6.com/story/34798339/announcement-of-brazil-hangar-worries-tulsa-american-airlines-employees |title=Brazil hangar project worries Tulsa American Airlines employees |work=News on 6 |location=Tulsa |date=March 13, 2017 |accessdate=2017-07-06 }}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://aircanada.mediaroom.com/2019-02-27-Bem-vindo-Air-Canada-Introduces-Non-Stop-Montreal-Sao-Paulo-Brazil-Flights|title=Air Canada Introduces Non-Stop Montreal-São Paulo, Brazil Flights|publisher=aircanada.ca|date=February 27, 2019|accessdate=February 27, 2019}}
34. ^https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/270986/air-china-ns17-madrid-sao-paulo-aircraft-changes/
35. ^http://curacaochronicle.com/main/corendon-dutch-airlines-to-base-737-800-in-curacao/]/>36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/282416/emirates-s19-service-changes-as-of-12jan19/|title=Emirates S19 service changes as of 12JAN19|publisher=RoutesOnline|date=12 January 2019|accessdate=12 January 2019}}
37. ^https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/278955/latam-brasil-adds-lisbon-service-from-sep-2018/
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/276305/latam-brasil-adds-sao-paulo-tucuman-from-june-2018/|title=LATAM Brasil adds Sao Paulo – Tucuman from June 2018|first=UBM (UK) Ltd.|last=2017|website=RoutesOnline.com|access-date=December 24, 2017}}
39. ^https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/278067/latam-brasil-files-las-vegas-schedule-in-nw18/
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.melhoresdestinos.com.br/novos-voos-latam-las-vegas.html|title=Latam terá voos diretos de São Paulo para Las Vegas em 2018!|trans-title=|language=|first=|last=leocassol|website=www.MelhoresDestinos.com.br|access-date=December 24, 2017}}
41. ^https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/277994/latam-airlines-chile-plans-tel-aviv-launch-in-december-2018/
42. ^{{Cite web |url=https://onemileatatime.com/istanbul-airport-transition-delay/|title=Istanbul New Airport Transition Delayed Until April 5, 2019 (At The Earliest)}}
43. ^{{Cite web | url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19860128-0 | title=Accident description PP-SME | publisher=Aviation Safety Network | access-date=August 6, 2011}}
44. ^{{Cite web | url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19890321-0 | title=Accident description PT-TCS | publisher=Aviation Safety Network | access-date=July 14, 2011}}
45. ^{{Cite web | url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20020914-0 | title=Accident description PT-MTS | publisher=Aviation Safety Network | access-date=July 23, 2011}}
46. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.airportbusservice.com.br/ | title=Airport Bus Service | publisher=EMTU | language=Portuguese | access-date=December 1, 2011}}
47. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.voegol.com.br/pt-br/servicos/transporte-para-aeroportos/paginas/default.aspx | title=Transporte para aeroportos | publisher=Gol Airlines | access-date=August 30, 2011 | language=Portuguese}}
48. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.tam.com.br/b2c/vgn/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=5ef993f30bb2d210VgnVCM1000009508020aRCRD | title=Traslados Nacionais | publisher=TAM Airlines | access-date=March 27, 2011}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vbtransportes.com.br/vbtransportes/portugues/home/home.aspx|title=Caprioli Turismo|language=Portuguese|website=VBTransportes.com.br|access-date=December 24, 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616190356/http://www.vbtransportes.com.br/vbtransportes/portugues/home/home.aspx|archivedate=June 16, 2012|df=mdy-all}}
50. ^http://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/spnoticias/alckmin-inaugura-linha-13-jade-da-cptm-que-chegara-ao-aeroporto-de-guarulhos/
51. ^1 {{cite news |last=Martins |first=Victória |url=https://viagemeturismo.abril.com.br/materias/trem-para-o-aeroporto-de-guarulhos-deve-ser-inaugurado-ate-abril/ |title=Veja como funciona o trem para o Aeroporto de Guarulhos |language=Portuguese |trans-title=See how the train to Guarulhos Airport works |work=Viagem e Turismo |publisher=Editora Abril |date=2018-03-23 |accessdate=2018-04-19 }}
52. ^1 {{cite news |last=Ishioka |first=Leandro |url=http://www.esquina.net.br/2018/04/19/no-japao-as-estacoes-que-de-fato-conectam-transporte-e-cidade/ |title=No Japão, as estações que de fato conectam transporte e cidade |language=Portuguese |trans-title=In Japan, the stations that actually connect the transportation system to the cities |work=Esquina.net |date=2018-04-19 |accessdate=2018-04-19 }}
53. ^{{cite web | title=View of São Paulo-Guarulhos airport centered on the Tropic of Capricorn | url=https://goo.gl/maps/jdFTUWvzzkt | publisher=Google Maps | accessdate=April 19, 2018}}

External links

{{Commons category inline|São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport}}
  • {{official website|https://www.gru.com.br/en}}
  • {{WAD|SBGR|source=DAFIF}}
  • {{GCM|SBGR|source=DAFIF}}
  • {{NWS-current|SBGR}}
  • {{ASN|GRU}}
{{List of airports}}{{Airports in Brazil}}{{São Paulo transit}}{{Brazil topics}}{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2017}}{{Portalbar|Brazil|Aviation|Transport}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sao Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport}}

3 : Airports in São Paulo (state)|Airports established in 1985|1985 establishments in Brazil
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/12 22:01:38