| 词条 | René Joyeuse |
| 释义 |
| image = File:0328 joyeuse-army.jpg | caption = René Joyeuse, 1944 | birth_name = René Veuve | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1920|01|17}} | birth_place = Zürich, Switzerland | death_date = {{death date and age|2012|6|12|1920|1|17|df=y}} | death_place = Lake Placid, NY | occupation = Physician, researcher, soldier René Joyeuse, M.D., MS, FACS (17 January 1920{{spaced ndash}}12 June 2012) was a Swiss, French and American soldier, physician and researcher, who distinguished himself as an agent of Allied intelligence in German-occupied France during World War II. Early lifeHe was born as René Veuve on 17 January 1920 in Zürich to poor parents, a French carpenter and an Italian housemaid employed in Alsace. Raised and educated in France and Switzerland, Veuve studied philosophy at the universities of Besançon and Montpellier, graduating magna cum laude in 1940.[1][2] Military serviceFollowing the German invasion of France in 1940, Veuve joined the Free French Forces, in which he reached the grade of captain. He worked for the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and with the Résistance in northern France, and as a parachutists' instructor in the United Kingdom. The OSS assigned him the codename Joyeuse ("joyful"), after Charlemagne's sword.[1][3] In April 1944, with 120 other agents, he was tasked with gathering intelligence about enemy military installations, supply depots and troop movements in northern France, in preparation for the upcoming Allied invasion. Deployed by parachute near Chartres, disguised as a postal worker, Veuve acquired and transmitted information about crucial enemy infrastructure, such as Le Bourget airport, an oil refinery and an underground rocket factory. To avoid radiolocation of his signal, he emplaced himself close to a German military unit's transmitter. After the Allied invasion, Veuve shifted his operations further inland, on one occasion narrowly escaping an SS raid with a bullet wound in his foot, while his two bodyguards were captured and executed. With the advancing Allied forces he eventually reached Germany, being one of the first Allied officers to reach the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.[1][3] After the end of World War II, René Veuve adopted his codename "Joyeuse" as his surname. He served for five years as a French intelligence officer in the First Indochina War, where he often assisted field surgeons in treating the wounded. The appalling death rate – he estimated that only one in 12 wounded survived – inspired him to help find better treatments for trauma victims, and in 1950 he gained admission to the medical school at the University of Paris.[3] For his wartime actions Joyeuse received multiple decorations. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by Dwight D. Eisenhower. The French government awarded him the title of knight of the Legion of Honour, the Order of Liberation, the Médaille militaire, the Croix de guerre 1939–1945 with palm, the Croix de guerre des théâtres d'opérations extérieures with palm, the Médaille de la Résistance with rosette, the Croix du combattant volontaire 1939–1945, the Médaille des Évadés, the Médaille de l'Aéronautique, the Colonial Medal and several commemorative medals. The Kingdom of Laos awarded him the Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol.[2] On March 21, 2018, the U.S. Congress awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award of the United States, to all the men and women of the OSS.[4] Post-war careerJoyeuse met his wife Suzanne, a nurse, at the University of Paris . After graduation, the couple emigrated to the United States, where Joyeuse worked as an emergency and trauma surgeon at the Mayo Clinic while also pursuing a master's degree in Surgery at the University of Minnesota , and later as a researcher at the UCLA medical school. While at UCLA, Joyeuse helped develop the first biological heart valve replacement. As assistant professor of surgery at the College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (Rutgers / CMDNJ) he was a practicing trauma surgeon, co-founder of the American Trauma Society and President of the New Jersey chapter and was actively involved in training physicians and EMT personnel in trauma care. The family changed residence multiple times, eventually settling in Saranac Lake, New York, where Joyeuse served as a medical director of the prison system of the state of New York.[2][3] René Joyeuse died on 12 June 2012 after having suffered from Alzheimer's disease for the last ten years of his life. Survived by his wife and his two sons,[3] he is the first person born in Switzerland to be honored with a burial in Arlington National Cemetery, in March 2013.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Wottreng|first=Willi|title=Schweizer Spion im Heldenfriedhof|accessdate=20 January 2013|newspaper=NZZ am Sonntag|page=18|url=http://webpaper.nzz.ch/2013/01/20/hintergrund/K0QTQ/schweizer-spionim-heldenfriedhof?guest_pass=110dd13ffe:K0QTQ:e77dfa0dc38bd6a16012f9d8f8ce13feb97d3af4 |date=20 January 2013}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Joyeuse, Rene}}2. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Rene Joyeuse, M.D., M.S. F.A.C.S.|url=http://adirondackdailyenterprise.com/page/content.detail/id/531329/Rene-Joyeuse--M-D---M-S--F-A-C-S-.html|accessdate=20 January 2013|newspaper=Adirondack Daily Enterprise|date=13 June 2012}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|last=Rabideau|first=Clyde|title=A quiet American hero Dr. Rene Joyeuse: born Jan 17, 1920, died June 12, 2012|url=http://adirondackdailyenterprise.com/page/content.detail/id/532386/A-quiet-American-hero.html|accessdate=20 January 2013|newspaper=Adirondack Daily Enterprise|date=15 August 2012}} 4. ^{{cite news|title= OSS awarded Congressional Gold Medal|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/21/oss-office-strategic-services-awarded-congressiona/|accessdate=21 March 2018|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=21 March 2018}} 32 : Office of Strategic Services|People of the Office of Strategic Services|World War II spies for the United States|American spies|French Army officers|French spies|Free French military personnel of World War II|French Resistance members|French emigrants to the United States|Congressional Gold Medal recipients|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur|Recipients of the Resistance Medal|Companions of the Liberation|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)|Recipients of the Aeronautical Medal|American traumatologists|American medical researchers|American surgeons|American medical writers|Mayo Clinic people|University of Paris|University of Minnesota|University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey|University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey faculty|Rutgers University faculty|University of California, Los Angeles faculty|1920 births|2012 deaths|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery|People from Saranac Lake, New York|Scientists from New York (state) |
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