| 词条 | René Malbrant |
| 释义 |
VeterinarianBorn in Dangé, Vienne, Malbrant studied at École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort and Faculté de Médecine de Paris. The field research for his thesis was carried out in Morocco during the Rif War.[4] In 1927 he was sent to Chad to serve as Head of Livestock (a post he would hold for eleven years).[4] In the same year Malbrant organized the arrival of Bororo (Fulbe) herders to Ubangui.[5] Malbrant was in-charge of the Fort Lamy veterinary laboratory (set up in the late 1930s), at which he experimented with vaccines against cattle plague.[6] In 1938 he shifted to Brazzaville, to serve as Head of Livestock for French Equatorial Africa. During these years he produced more than fifty scientific reports on the African fauna.[4] WarDuring World War II, Malbrant was an officer in the Free French Forces.[7] He was appointed as a member of the Provisional Consultative Assembly (based in Algiers, later in Paris), representing the 'Resistance Overseas' and as a delegate of 'Rally of the Colonies' and the Combat movement. His seat in the Assembly was validated on May 19, 1944.[1] Constituent AssemblyMalbrant was represented in all legislatures of the French Fourth Republic, representing the first electoral college (i.e. French citizens) of French Equatorial Africa.[1] In 1945 Malbrant took part in the founding of the Chadian Democratic Union (UDT), the Chadian branch of the Gaullist Rally of the People of France.[8] In October 1945 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly,[9] receiving 80% of the vote. In the June 1946 Constituent Assembly elections he retained his seat, running unopposed. States General of ColonizationIn July 1946 Malbrant organized the States General of Colonization (a congress of French colonists, held in Paris). The convention gathered colonists that opposed giving French citizenships to the inhabitants of the overseas territories collectively. Through the pressure from these colonists, in October the same year the National Assembly adopted new draft constitutions for the overseas territories (which were in sharp contrasts to the ones adopted by the National Assembly in April 1946).[5] National AssemblyMalbrant contested the November 1946 French legislative election as a candidate in the Oubangui-Chari/Chad first college seat. He defeated independent candidate Pierre Plumeau with 1,003 votes against 192.[10] He was re-elected unopposed again in 1951 and 1956. At the time, Malbrant was widely recognized for his role in the Resistance during the war.[3] He would remain a parliamentarian for several years to come.[11] In parliament he fiercely opposed liberal reforms like the Overseas Labour Code and the Municipal Reform Bill.[3] Malbrant also opposed abolishing the separate electoral college for Europeans in French Equatorial Africa,[12] Prominently, Malbrant developed a hostile relationship with Barthélemy Boganda.[5][13] and the creation of the European Community.[1] The dual electoral college system was abolished in late 1956, whereby Malbrant lost his possibility to get re-elected.[1][3] Personal lifeMalbrant married Marie-Louise Destrac in Fort Lamy on 22 March 1934. The couple never had any children.[1] He died in Paris in 1961. HonoursMalbrant was awarded several French and African honours; Officer of the Legion of Honour, Croix de guerre 1939-1945, Rosette of the Résistance, Etoile équatoriale du Gabon and Ordre national du Tchad.[1] References{{Portal|French politics}}1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Assemblée nationale. Biographies des députés de la IVe République > René MALBRANT {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Malbrant, Rene}}2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=O7NJAAAAYAAJ L'Oiseau et la revue française d'ornithologie], Vol. 32–33. Société ornithologie de France, 1962. p. i 3. ^1 2 3 4 Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xyalAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA431 The emerging states of French Equatorial Africa]. 1960. p. 431 4. ^1 2 3 [https://books.google.com/books?id=L8cZAAAAYAAJ Hommes et destins: (dictionnaire biographique d'Outre-Mer). tome 1]. Paris: Académie des sciences d'Outre-Mer, 1975. p. 422 5. ^1 2 Kalck, Pierre. [https://books.google.com/books?id=tbDFlvQeps0C&pg=PA125 Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic]. Lanham (Md.): Scarecrow Press, 2005. pp. 71, 125 6. ^Spinage, Clive A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5QUSfS8FfYC&pg=PA573 Cattle Plague: A History]. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003. p. 573 7. ^Mortimer, Edward. [https://books.google.com/books?id=y-dxAAAAMAAJ France and the Africans, 1944-1960; A Political History]. New York: Walker, 1969. p. 65 8. ^Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xyalAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA563 The emerging states of French Equatorial Africa]. 1960. p. 563 9. ^Sík, Endre. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zEvRAAAAMAAJ The History of Black Africa]. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1966. p. 257 10. ^Lanne, Bernard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=KacXGlYL304C Histoire politique du Tchad de 1945 à 1958: administration, partis, élections]. Paris: Éd. Karthala, 1998. p. 88 11. ^Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xyalAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA39 The emerging states of French Equatorial Africa]. 1960. p. 44 12. ^Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xyalAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA39 The emerging states of French Equatorial Africa]. 1960. p. 39 13. ^Shillington, Kevin. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC&pg=PA265 Encyclopedia of African History]. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005. p. 265 18 : 1903 births|1961 deaths|People from Vienne|Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine|Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance politicians|Rally of the French People politicians|National Centre of Social Republicans politicians|Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945)|Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)|Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic|Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic|Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic|Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic|French veterinarians|Free French military personnel of World War II|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)|Officiers of the Légion d'honneur|Recipients of the Resistance Medal |
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