| 词条 | Rethymno | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Rethymno |name_local = Ρέθυμνο |image_map = 2011 Dimos Rethymnou.png |periph = Crete |periphunit = Rethymno |municipality = Rethymno |pop_municunit = 37462 |area_municunit = 126.5 |pop_community = 34300 |area_community = 26.777 |population_as_of = 2011 |elevation = |coordinates = {{coord|35|22|N|24|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |postal_code = 741 00 |area_code = 28310 |licence = ΡΕ |mayor = Giorgos Marinakis (PASOK) |website = www.rethymno.gr |image_skyline = Rethymno - Venetian fortress.jpg |caption_skyline = View of Rethymno |city_flag = |city_seal = |districts = |party = |since = |elevation_min = 0 |elevation_max = 15 }} Rethymno ({{lang-el|Ρέθυμνο}}, {{IPA-el|ˈreθimno|}}, also Rethimno, Rethymnon, Réthymnon, and Rhíthymnos) is a city of approximately 40,000 people in Greece, the capital of Rethymno regional unit on the island of Crete, a former Latin Catholic bishopric as Retimo(–Ario) and former Latin titular see. Rethymno was originally built during the Minoan civilization (ancient Rhithymna and Arsinoe). The city was prominent enough to mint its own coins and maintain urban growth. One of these coins is today depicted as the crest of the town: two dolphins in a circle. History{{main|Rhithymna|Arsinoe (Crete)}}This region as a whole is rich with ancient history, most notably through the Minoan civilisation centred at Kydonia east of Rethymno.[1] Rethymno itself began a period of growth when the Venetian conquerors of the island decided to put an intermediate commercial station between Heraklion and Chania, acquiring its own bishop and nobility in the process. Today's old town (palia poli) is almost entirely built by the Republic of Venice. It is one of the best-preserved old towns in Crete. From circa 1250 the city was the seat of the Latin Diocese of Retimo, which was renamed Retimo–Ario after the absorption in 1551 of the Diocese of Ario and as suppressed only after the Turkish conquest. The town still maintains its old aristocratic appearance, with its buildings dating from the 16th century, arched doorways, stone staircases, Byzantine and Hellenic-Roman remains, the small Venetian harbour and narrow streets. The Venetian Loggia houses the information office of the Ministry of Culture and Sports. A Wine Festival is held there annually at the beginning of July. Another festival, in memory of the destruction of the Arkadi Monastery, is held on 7–8 November. The city's Venetian-era citadel, the Fortezza of Rethymno, is one of the best-preserved castles in Crete. Other monuments include the Neratze mosque (the Municipal Odeon arts centre), the Great Gate ({{lang|grc|Μεγάλη Πόρτα}} or "Porta Guora"), the Piazza Rimondi and the Loggia. The town was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1646 during the Cretan War (1645–69) and they ruled it for almost three centuries. The town, called Resmo in Turkish, was the centre of a sanjak (administrative part of a province) during Ottoman rule. During the Battle of Crete (20–30 May 1941), the Battle of Rethymno was fought between German paratroopers and the Second Australian Imperial Force and Hellenic Army. Although initially unsuccessful, the Germans won the battle after receiving reinforcements from Maleme in the Northwestern part of the island. Today the city's main income is from tourism, many new facilities having been built in the past 20 years. Agriculture is also notable, especially for olive oil and other Mediterranean products. {{clear}}MunicipalityThe municipality of Rethymno was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[2]
CultureRethymno is home to the following museums:
LiteraturePandelis Prevelakis wrote Το χρονικό μιας πολιτείας (1937), The Chronicle of my Town, a nostalgic depiction of Rethymno from the period of the Cretan State (1898) to the expulsion of the Cretan Turks (1924). SportsRethymno hosted the international athletics meeting known as Vardinogianneia. The athletics meeting stopped in 2012 due to Greek financial crisis.[4] Rethymno has many sport clubs with presence in Panhellenic championships of various sports. Below is alist of the main sport clubs of Rethymno.
EducationIn the Rethymno Campus of the University of Crete are located the School of Philosophy, the School of Education, the School of Social, Economics and Political Sciences, and the University Library of the University of Crete. On a yearly basis, there are about 8.000 students studying at "Galos" where the Campus and the Academic Institute of Mediterranean Studies are located. Also in Rethymnon is located the Department of Music Technology and Acoustics Engineering of the School for Applied Sciences of the Technological Institute of Crete (TEI of Crete) with ~500 Students. Finally, in Rethymno, is located the international research Centre for Plasma Physics and Laser of the TEI of Crete. GeographyClimate{{Weather box|location = Rethymno, Greece |single line = Y |Jan high F = 55 |Feb high F = 55 |Mar high F = 59 |Apr high F = 64 |May high F = 73 |Jun high F = 82 |Jul high F = 86 |Aug high F = 86 |Sep high F = 81 |Oct high F = 72 |Nov high F = 64 |Dec high F = 57 |year high F= 69.5 |Jan low F = 45 |Feb low F = 45 |Mar low F = 46 |Apr low F = 52 |May low F = 57 |Jun low F = 64 |Jul low F = 70 |Aug low F = 70 |Sep low F = 64 |Oct low F = 59 |Nov low F = 54 |Dec low F = 48 |year low F= 56.166 |source 1 = |date= }} Notable locals
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}}Rethymno is twinned with :
GallerySee also
References
1. ^C. Michael Hogan, Cydonia, The Modern Antiquarian, Jan. 23, 2008 2. ^Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior {{el icon}} 3. ^Hellenic Statistical Authority, Digital Library (ELSAT), Census (Greek and English) 4. ^{{cite web|title=Χωρίς «Βαρδινογιάννεια» και το 2013|url=http://www.rethnea.gr/article.aspx?id=1527|publisher=rethnea.gr|accessdate=11 November 2015}} External links{{commons category|Rethymno}}
3 : Rethymno|Mediterranean port cities and towns in Greece|Greek prefectural capitals |
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