| 词条 | Revolutionary Communist Party, USA |
| 释义 |
}}{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}{{Infobox political party | name = Revolutionary Communist Party, USA | logo = | colorcode = #cc0000 | foundation = 1975 | ideology = New synthesis Communism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | headquarters = Chicago, Illinois | international = None {{smaller|(formerly the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement)}} | website = {{official URL}} | country = United States | position = Far-left | flag = }}{{Communist parties|Americas}} The Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (or Revcom) is a communist party in the United States founded in 1975 and led by its chairman Bob Avakian. The party organizes for a revolution in the United States, to overthrow the system of capitalism and replace it with a new socialist republic.[1][2][3] Since the 2010s, Bob Avakian's new synthesis of communism is the RCP's ideological framework,[4] which it considers a scientific advancement of Marxism–Leninism–Maoism. Prior to this, the party was a founding member of the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement. The RCP has drafted a Constitution for the New Socialist Republic, to replace the U.S. after a revolution.[5] The RCP is notable for its various coalition groups, such as the World Can't Wait,[6] Stop Patriarchy,[7] October 22 Coalition to Stop Police Brutality,[8] Stop Mass Incarceration Network,[9] and Refuse Fascism.[10] The RCP organizes supporters into what it calls Revolution Clubs,[11] (formerly known as the Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade) with chapters in Berkeley, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City. History1960s—1970sIn early 1968, Leibel Bergman, H. Bruce Franklin, Bob Avakian, Stephen Charles Hamilton and a score or so others -- consisting of both veterans of the Communist Party USA, and Bay Area radicals based in Palo Alto, Berkeley, and San Francisco, formed the Bay Area Revolutionary Union (BARU). Among the first tasks of the BARU was to challenge the Maoist Progressive Labor Party (PLP) over their positions on the Black Panther Party, the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the direction of Maoism. The early RU joined with the Revolutionary Youth Movement faction in the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in opposing PLP's role in SDS at their national convention in Chicago in 1969. The resulting split lead to PL controlling the SDS name, while RYM itself split into two different factions.[12] In 1971, Franklin led a more militant faction of BARU out the organization to join Venceremos, leaving Avakian in a leading position within BARU. The RU continued to expand nationally uniting collectives,[13] across the country, effectively becoming a national organization -- with the long-term goal of forming a new Communist Party. The new nationwide structure induced BARU to change its name to simply the Revolutionary Union (RU). Avakian was elected to the central committee of the RU shortly thereafter. The RCP claims that of the various groups coming out of SDS, it was the first to seriously attempt to develop itself at the theoretical level, with the publication of Red Papers 1.[14] In 1974 RU started publication of their newspaper Revolution (renamed Revolutionary Worker in 1979) and in 1975 RU reconstituted itself as the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP). After the death of Mao in 1976, the RCP lost about 40% of its membership in a 1978 split over alignment with the new Chinese leadership. Avakian led the faction that rejected what they considered a counterrevolutionary coup against Mao's allies, and the split left him as undisputed leader of the remainder of the RCP. In January 1979 Avakian and 78 other Party members and supporters were arrested and charged with various crimes in connection to a militant protest against Deng Xiaoping's visit to the White House. 17 demonstrators, including Avakian, were charged with multiple felonies which would carry a combined sentence of up to 241 years.[15] After the RCP and its supporters waged a mass campaign for political, legal, and other support for the defendants, the charges were dropped in 1982, by which time Party leadership had decided to go into exile, with Avakian applying for political asylum in France, where he remained for many years. 1980sThe RCP organized May Day 1980 rallies in 16 cities across the U.S., including in Los Angeles, New York, Portland, Seattle, and Washington D.C.[16] Weeks before the May Day demonstrations, RCP member Damian Garcia and two others climbed the Alamo, tearing down the American flag from its pole, and raising the Red Flag in its place before being arrested. Shortly thereafter, on April 22, 1980, Garcia was stabbed to death[17] while organizing in a Los Angeles housing project. At the time, police said that Garcia's murderer was gang-affiliated, while RCP insisted that he had been assassinated by the state in retaliation for his action at the Alamo. Avakian remarked in his memoir that Garcia's murder was "very clearly tied in with police agents...it was an attack on our Party..."[18] In 1983 Avakian was one of the founders of the now-defunct Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM), an international grouping of Maoist parties. The RIM published A World to Win news service from 1981 to 2006, but since its dissolution the publication is now updated on the official website. In 2017, A World to Win was restructured to "a more thorough-going tool for revolution based on Bob Avakian’s new synthesis of communism".[19] 1990s—2000sIn 1991, C-SPAN aired a presentation by RCP spokespersons, about U.S. wars in the Middle East, the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, and what the “new world order” means for black people in America.[20] Flag-burning by RCP members led to the Texas v. Johnson case. RCP regarded the 1992 Rodney King riots as legitimate political rebellion and advocated for the defendants in the Reginald Denny beating case.[21] RCP advocated for international Maoist movements such as the Shining Path guerrilla movement in Peru.[22] In 1996,[23] the RCP launched the October 22nd Coalition to Stop Police Brutality.[24] RCP branches opened Revolution Books stores in major US cities and became a frequent presence in protest movements.[25] 2010sIn 2011, RCP spokesperson Carl Dix along with Cornel West co-initiated the campaigns to Stop "Stop and Frisk" and "Stop Mass Incarceration".[26][27] Dix and West appeared on Democracy Now! to discuss the state of Black America in the age of Obama.[28] RCP organized Rise Up October against racism and police brutality; the attendance included Quentin Tarantino.[29] In July 2016, mass protest and police arrests erupted over a flag-burning by the RCP outside the Republican National Convention, before a crowd of thousands.[30][31] The next week, the RCP staged another flag burning outside the Democratic National Convention, after denouncing the United States.[32] Later that year, in response to Donald Trump’s tweet calling for the criminalization of flag burning, RCP supporters burned another American flag outside the Trump International Hotel in New York City.[33] In October 2016, RCP supporters were banned from the University of Chicago for "trespass" after encouraging students to get organized with the revolutionaries, with one activist arrested by police;[34] the next day they returned to defy the ban, while denouncing U.S. elections and America.[35] In August 2016, the RCP led protesters in a two-day march on a barricaded police station after the fatal officer shooting of a black man by Milwaukee police;[36] the police chief blamed the RCP for inciting "violence towards police."[37] In October 2017, an RCP spokesperson confronted Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones, in relation to NFL players' U.S. national anthem protests over "his troubling tendency to muzzle his players and align himself with an oppressive president [like Trump]."[38] In October 2018, the RCP organized a demonstration in Chicago’s Daley Plaza on the 23rd Annual "National Day of Protest to STOP Police Brutality," in response to the police shooting of Laquan McDonald and other black youth.[39][40] Bob Avakian's leadershipAfter major splits in the party, some ex-members and other groups have alleged that the RCP has a cult of personality around Bob Avakian.[41] Mic has called it "a communist doomsday cult that is obsessed with Avakian".[42] Alternately, San Francisco Chronicle has written of Avakian as "the marathon man of the international anti-imperialist struggle".[42] The party has responded to these allegations, calling them "lies and slander" and "complete and utter nonsense," saying "Bob Avakian and the RCP are the exact opposite of a cult."[43] Current activitiesThe RCP releases daily updates online and a periodic print edition of its weekly newspaper, Revolution (formerly called Revolutionary Worker, 1979–2005) which is published in English and Spanish and has been published continuously since 1979. In December 2016, party members and others co-initiated Refuse Fascism, a coalition group formed to "drive out" the Trump administration through sustained street protests.[44] The statement was used by InfoWars and other far-right conspiracy theory websites to claim that RCP and Refuse Fascism were organizing a military overthrow of the government on November 4, 2017.[45] Several nationwide anti-Trump protest marches were organized for that day, numbering in the thousands.[46][47] RCP supporter and Refuse Fascism organizer Sunsara Taylor appeared on Fox News' Tucker Carlson Tonight in 2017, where she debated the host and said that Trump is "more dangerous than Hitler" because of his access to nuclear weapons.[48] Refuse Fascism protesters were arrested in September 2017, with some facing criminal conspiracy charges,[49] after blocking four lanes of the 101 Freeway in Los Angeles during rush hour.[50][51] In July 2018, Refuse Fascism and RCP supporters organized 100 handmaids to protest U.S. Vice President Mike Pence in New York City, saying "[he] is a Christian fascist theocrat for whom the handmaid's tale is a model."[52][53] On International Women's Day 2019, the Revolution Club joined supporters of the Communist Party of Iran (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist), to march through Westwood, California, calling for universal women's rights.[54] On the one-year anniversary of the police shooting of Stephon Clark, a Revolution Newspaper correspondent was detained by police after confronting Al Sharpton, calling him "bourgeois electoral bullshit", while urging protesters to organize for revolution rather than political reforms.[55] Political ideologyThe RCP originated as a Maoist political organization with roots in the New Left of the 1970s.[56] In the 1990s, its political ideology was Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.[57] Today, the framework for its political ideology is Bob Avakian's 'new synthesis', which it sees as an advancement of communist theory; this has been controversial with Maoists internationally.[58] The RCP is atheist and stresses the scientific method.[59] RCP leadership says "the system cannot be reformed, it must be overthrown,"[60] and does not participate in charity or elections,[61] instead organizing for total revolution,[62] to replace the capitalist system with a new socialist system aiming for communism worldwide. It has identified what it calls "the 5 Stops,"[63] which it says are social contradictions under capitalism that can only be ended by revolution: white supremacy, patriarchy and anti-LGBTQ violence, anti-immigrant persecution, imperialism, and environmental degradation. The RCP emphasizes women's liberation,[64] and says this can only be achieved under communism. The RCP has a strategy pamphlet for "how we can win" a revolution in the U.S.,[65] as well as a proposed Constitution for the New Socialist Republic,[66] outlining what would follow. The RCP has declared there are no existing socialist states today, saying there have not been since China prior to 1976 and the Soviet Union prior to 1956. LGBTQ issuesThe RCP platform demands full recognition of LGBT rights as a fundamental component towards establishing socialism.[67] However, in the 1970s and 1980s, the RCP was noted for its opposition to homosexuality as "petty bourgeois"[68][69] and its former prohibition of LGBT individuals from party membership.[70][71] This outlook was consistent with then contemporary Marxist–Leninist states such as Cuba,[72] China, and the Soviet Union. The RCP officially reversed this position in 2001, writing: {{quote|"The revolutionary proletariat is staunchly opposed to the attacks on homosexuality by reactionary forces such as religious fundamentalists, and to all physical assaults on, discrimination against, and government repression of homosexuals, which is so widespread and vicious in the U.S. today. In the new society, discrimination against homosexuals will be outlawed and struggled against in every sphere of society, including personal and family relations."}}References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wnd.com/2016/07/revolutionary-communist-party-protests-trump-america/|title=Revolutionary Communist Party protests Trump, America|website=WND.com|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30107431351|title=Constitution for the New Socialist Republic in North America|website=AbeBooks|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://talkingpointsmemo.com/dc/left-wing-radicals-ferguson-missouri-protests|title="What the Heck is the Revolutionary Communist Party’ Doing In Ferguson?"|website=Talking Points Memo|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2016/02/524211.html|title=The New Synthesis of Communism: Six Resolutions of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA|website=Indymedia UK|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wnd.com/2010/11/229305|title=Unveiled: Constitution for New Socialist North America|website=WorldNetDaily|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcantwait.net|title=The World Can't Wait! Stop the crimes of your government|website=WorldCantWait.net|accessdate=December 29, 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnsnews.com/mrctv-blog/penny-starr/activist-abortion-great-decision-should-be-common-possible|title="Activist: Abortion Is a 'Great Decision,' 'Should Be As Common as Possible'"|website=CNSNews.com|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bolerium.com/pages/books/215264/revolutionary-communist-party-repression-october-22-coalition-to-stop-police-brutality-the/two-leaflets-related-to-the-case-of-the-jena-6|title=[Two leaflets related to the case of the Jena 6]|website=Bolerium Books|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ora.tv/offthegrid/article/2015/11/17/10-questions-for-carl-dix-founder-of-riseupoctober-police-brutality-protest|title=10 Questions for Carl Dix, Founder of #RiseUpOctober Police Brutality Protest|website=Ora.TV|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/homeland-security-fell-for-youtube-videos-about-antifa-civil-war|title=Homeland Security fell for YouTube videos about 'Antifa Civil War'|website=The Daily Beast|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://revcom.us/movement-for-revolution/revolution-clubs|title=Revolution Clubs|website=revcom.us|accessdate=June 24, 2018}} 12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Leonard|first=Aaron|last2=Gallagher|first2=Connor|last3=|first3=|last4=|first4=|date=2015|title=Heavy Radicals: The FBI's Secret War on America's Maoists|url=|journal=Zero Books, UK|volume=|issue=|pages=Chapters 1 & 2|doi=|issn=|via=}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=http://revcom.us/avakian/bob_avakian_official_biography/Bob_Avakian_(BA)_Official_Biography-Part-1-en.html|title=Bob Avakian (BA)—Official Biography—Part 1: FORMATIVE EXPERIENCES, CRITICAL JUNCTURES, DECISIVE LEADERSHIP|work=revcom.us|access-date=2018-08-19|language=en-US}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Red Papers 1|publisher=Originally published by the Bay Area Revolutionary Union, now available online thanks to Marxists.org's Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line project|date=Spring 1969|url=http://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/red-papers-1/index.htm}} 15. ^{{Cite book|title=Bob Avakian Speaks on the Mao Tsetung Defendants Railroad and the Historic Battles Ahead|last=Avakian|first=Bob|publisher=RCP Publications|year=1981|isbn=0-89851-047-3|location=Chicago, IL 6065|pages=1}} 16. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.bannedthought.net/USA/RCP/RW/1980/RW053B-English.pdf|title=MAY 1st 1980: REVOLUTIONARY WORKERS STORM HISTORY's STAGE|last=|first=|date=May 5, 1980|work=Revolutionary Worker|access-date=}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/collections/ktla/clips/los-angeles-detective-briefs-reporters-damian-garcia-homicide|title="Los Angeles detective briefs reporters on Damian Garcia homicide"|last=|first=|date=|website=UCLA Film and Television Archive|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 18. ^{{Cite book|title=From Ike to Mao and Beyond: My Journey from Mainstream America to Revolutionary Communist|last=Avakian|first=Bob|publisher=Insight Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0976023623|location=|pages=408}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://aworldtowinns.co.uk/editorial/|title=Editorial Introducing a transformed AWTWNS|last=|first=|date=|website=A World to Win News Service|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 20. ^https://www.c-span.org/video/?17375-1/yo-world-turned-upside 21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://revcom.us/a/266/20th-anniversary-of-LA-rebellion-en.html|title=20th Anniversary of the Los Angeles Rebellion - It’s Right to Rebel Against Injustice!|website=revcom.us|access-date=2018-08-20}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://revcom.us/s/peru_e.htm|title=RW Online: Support the People's War in Peru!|website=revcom.us|access-date=2018-08-20}} 23. ^http://october22.org/history.html 24. ^https://blackagendareport.com/carl_dix_fighting_mass_incarceration 25. ^https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just-in/2018-08-17/struggle-continues-checking-revolution-books 26. ^https://newsone.com/2467979/cornel-west-carl-dix-mass-incarceration/ 27. ^https://allhiphop.com/features/carl-dix-talks-ending-police-brutality-marching-with-cornel-west-shutting-em-down-t9Nrdgrcq0-zv0Vj5iF0RA/ 28. ^https://www.democracynow.org/2009/7/22/cornel_west_and_carl_dix_on 29. ^https://www.huffingtonpost.com/george-elerick/an-interview-with-carl-di_b_8580844.html 30. ^https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/cleveland-police-arrest-protesters-flag-burning-outside-rnc 31. ^http://time.com/4415901/republican-convention-protest-flag-burning/ 32. ^https://deadspin.com/communists-dnc-flag-burning-interrupted-by-desean-jacks-1784488205 33. ^https://www.wnd.com/2016/11/communists-burn-u-s-flag-in-nyc-to-protest-trump/ 34. ^https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2016/10/26/video-communist-protester-arrested-standing-table/ 35. ^https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2016/11/2/communist-returns-campus-arrest-ban/ 36. ^https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-milwaukee-police-shooting-fallout-met-20160815-story.html 37. ^https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/midwest/ct-milwaukee-police-shooting-protests-20160814-story.html 38. ^https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/why-i-confronted-dallas-cowboys-owner-jerry-jones_us_59ea5542e4b0a484d0633677 39. ^https://wgnradio.com/2018/10/22/rally-to-stop-police-brutality/ 40. ^http://m.amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/oct/25/october-22-coalition-stop-police-brutality-still-g/ 41. ^{{cite book|author1=Weir|authorlink1=Robert|editor1-last=Weir|editor1-first=Robert|title=Class in America: H-P|date=2007|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0313337192|page=492|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YS69fMlIUX0C&pg=PA492&dq=%22Revolutionary+Communist+Party%22+++cult&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwizlMHl7dfZAhWTN8AKHVsLDDUQ6AEIXzAJ#v=onepage&q=%22Revolutionary%20Communist%20Party%22%20%20%20cult&f=false|accessdate=6 March 2018|chapter=Maoism}} 42. ^https://m.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Berkeley-Memoir-follows-author-s-road-to-2676772.php 43. ^http://www.revcom.us/a/357/stop-the-lies-and-slanders-bob-avakian-and-the-rcp-are-the-exact-opposite-of-a-cult-en.html 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://revcom.us/a/464/in-the-name-of-humanity-we-refuse-to-accept-a-fascist-america-en.html|title=In the Name of Humanity, We Refuse To Accept a Fascist America|website=Revcom.us|accessdate=December 29, 2017}} 45. ^{{cite news|last1=Hayden|first1=Michael Edison|title='Antifa' waging civil war on November 4, according to right wing conspiracy|url=http://www.newsweek.com/antifa-waging-civil-war-november-4-right-wing-conspiracy-theory-681219|accessdate=13 February 2018|work=Newsweek|date=11 October 2017|language=en}} 46. ^{{cite news|last1=Strickland|first1=Patrick|title=Far-right conspiracies fizzle amid anti-Trump rallies|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/11/conspiracies-fizzle-anti-trump-rallies-171104234340659.html|accessdate=13 February 2018|work=Al Jazeera|date=4 November 2017}} 47. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://mic.com/articles/185680/the-far-right-thinks-a-violent-antifa-overthrow-is-coming-nov-4-but-the-truth-is-far-stranger|title=The far-right thinks a violent antifa overthrow is coming Nov. 4, but the truth is far stranger|last=Smith|first=Jack IV|date=November 2, 2017|work=Mic.com|accessdate=November 3, 2017}} 48. ^https://insider.foxnews.com/2017/02/21/tucker-carlson-takes-refuse-fascism-organizer-who-likens-trump-hitler 49. ^https://countercurrents.org/2018/09/28/ominous-and-illegitimate-persecution-of-11-members-of-refuse-fascism-la-and-the-revolution-club-la/ 50. ^https://www.laweekly.com/news/why-did-protesters-block-the-101-and-what-does-nov-4-mean-8694296 51. ^https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2017/11/21/anti-trump-protest-shuts-down-101-freeway-in-downtown-la/ 52. ^https://abcnews.go.com/US/handmaids-protest-mike-pence-kirstjen-nielsen-manhattan/story?id=56936641 53. ^https://www.metro.us/news/local-news/new-york/handmaids-to-protest-mike-pence-new-york-city 54. ^https://dailybruin.com/2019/03/09/revolution-club-leads-march-through-westwood-in-support-of-universal-womens-rights/ 55. ^https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article228103274.html 56. ^https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-3/rcp-history.htm 57. ^https://revcom.us/a/ideology/mlm.htm 58. ^https://www.jalands.org/s/Against-Avakianism.pdf 59. ^https://www.bookdepository.com/Science-Revolution-Ardea-Skybreak/9780976023616 60. ^http://chicagorevolutionbooks.blogspot.com/ 61. ^https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just-in/2018-08-17/struggle-continues-checking-revolution-books 62. ^https://bobavakian.net/rcpworks/rcpconstitution.html 63. ^http://revolutionbooksla.blogspot.com/2019/01/friday-michael-slate-show-as-new-year.html 64. ^http://blogs.brown.edu/hallhoag/files/2013/07/Revolutionary-Communist-Party.png 65. ^https://revcom.us/a/457/how-we-can-win-en.html 66. ^https://keywiki.org/File:Socconstitution.jpg 67. ^{{Cite web|url=https://revcom.us/margorp/homosexuality.htm#N_1_|title=RCP,USA: On the Position on Homosexuality in the New Draft Programme|website=revcom.us|access-date=2018-11-25}} 68. ^{{cite book |last1=Gallagher |first1=Conor R. |title=Heavy Radicals: The FBI's Secret War on America's Maoists |date=2015 |publisher=Zero Books |pages=186–187 |accessdate=7 December 2018}} 69. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-8/rcp-gay.htm|title=RCP: Hit for antigay-rights line|last=EROL|website=www.marxists.org|language=en|access-date=2018-11-25}} 70. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-8/spart-ru-gay.htm|title=Toward A Scientific Analysis of the Gay Question, RU Position Paper|last=EROL|website=www.marxists.org|language=en|access-date=2018-11-25}} 71. ^{{cite book |last1=Leonard |first1=Aaron |last2=Conor |first2=Gallagher |title=Heavy Radicals: The FBI's Secret War on America's Maoists |date=2015 |publisher=Zero Books |accessdate=7 December 2018}} 72. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/08/31/cuba.castro.gays/index.html|title=Castro admits 'injustice' for gays and lesbians during revolution - CNN.com|last=CNN|first=By Shasta Darlington,|access-date=2018-11-25|language=en}} Further reading
Critical opinions
External links
5 : COINTELPRO targets|Political parties established in 1975|1975 establishments in the United States|Anti-revisionist organizations|Communist parties in the United States |
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