| 词条 | Rhodochiton atrosanguineus |
| 释义 |
|image = Rhodochiton_astrosanguineum_flowers.jpg |image_caption = In cultivation |genus = Rhodochiton |species = atrosanguineus |authority =(Zucc.) Rothm.[1] |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = [1] }} Rhodochiton atrosanguineus is a herbaceous perennial vine[3] native to Mexico. Its dangling flowers have a pink, bell-shaped calyx of sepals surrounding a protruding, tubular corolla of purple-black petals.[4] It has been cultivated as an ornamental plant since at least 1836.[5] It has somewhat hairy, heart-shaped leaves, often with purple venation. The vine can reach three metres in length in perfect conditions, but more-likely 1.5-2.5 metres.[3] The seeds are 3mm across. Although the specific epithet is sometimes spelt atrosanguineum, chiton in Greek is masculine,[7] so the ending is correctly -us.[8] R. atrosanguineus has been known colloquially in the UK as the "black man's willy".[1] Another common name is purple bell vine or simply purple bell.[3]All Rhodochiton species are sometimes placed in the genus Lophospermum.[4] Taxonomic historyWayne J. Elisens has outlined the somewhat confused taxonomic history of the name of this species.{{sfn|ps=|Elisens|1985|p=4}} In 1829, Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini sent seeds and a description to individuals and botanical gardens under the name "Rhodochiton volubile", considering it to be a new genus; however the name was not formally published. In 1832, Zuccarini decided that it was actually a Lophospermum, and published the name Lophospermum atrosanguineum, writing that "I held it at first to be new genus and sent the seeds obtained in the summer of 1829 to several gardens under the name Rhodochiton volubile. The figure in the Botanical Register has convinced me of the identity of the genus."[12] Not knowing of Zuccharini's change of name, in particular his publication of the epithet atrosanguineum, in 1834 Christoph Friedrich Otto and Albert Gottfried Dietrich published and illustrated Rhodochiton volubilis, an illegitimate name since a prior epithet existed.{{Refn |name=Note1 |group=Note |The name as published originally was Rhodochiton volubile. However, chiton in Greek is masculine, so the epithet should be volubilis.[13] The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants requires incorrect genders to be corrected.}} In 1943, Rothmaler provided a legitimate combination in the genus Rhodochiton, namely Rhodochiton atrosanguineus.[8]{{Refn |name=Note2 |group=Note |The name as published originally was Rhodochiton atrosanguineum, but as noted above it should be corrected to Rhodochiton atrosanguineus.[8]}} CultivationR. atrosanguineus has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[2][3]This plant is undemanding if given full sun or near-full sun, well-drained soil, and general care. It will tolerate cold temperatures, but not freezing. It might or might not become deciduous, depending on winter temperatures.[4] Propagation is by seed sown in spring, or at 15-18 °C. Plants can be pruned in late winter to manage size and shape. Notes1. ^{{citation |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7229041.stm |title=BBC apology for 'rude' plant chat |work=BBC News |accessdate=2008-02-05}} 2. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/63240/i-Rhodochiton-atrosanguineus-i/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Rhodochiton atrosanguineus | accessdate = 2 October 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 84 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 2 October 2018}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{citation |url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/details?plantid=1603 |title=Rhodochiton atrosanguineus |work=RHS Gardening |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |accessdate=2014-12-09}} 5. ^1 {{Citation |year=2013 |title=ING Database Rhodochiton |url=http://botany.si.edu/ing/ingSearch.cfm?SearchWord=Rhodochiton |accessdate=2014-07-23 |editor1-last=Farr |editor1-first=E.R. |editor2-last=Zijlstra |editor2-first=G. |work=Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum) }} 6. ^1 2 {{Citation |last=Elisens |first=Wayne J. |year=1985 |title=Monograph of the Maurandyinae (Scrophulariaceae-Antirrhineae) |journal=Systematic Botany Monographs |volume=5 |pages=1–97 |doi=10.2307/25027602 |jstor=25027602 }} – all Rhodochiton species placed in Lophospermum 7. ^1 {{Citation |last=Paxton |first=J. |year=1836 |title=Select List of Ornamental Creepers |journal=Paxton's Magazine of Botany, and Register of Flowering Plants |volume=2 |pages=33–37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80I-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=2014-07-13 }} – under the synonym Rhodochiton volubile 8. ^1 {{Citation |first=W.T. |last=Stearn |year=2004 |title=Botanical Latin |edition=4th (p/b) |location=Portland, Oregon |isbn=978-0-7153-1643-6 |publisher=Timber Press |page=384}} 9. ^1 2 {{Citation |title=Rhodochiton atrosanguineum |work=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2527956 |accessdate=2014-07-14}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{citation |title=Rhodochiton atrosanguineus (Zucc.) Rothm. |work=Tropicos.org |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/29209172 |accessdate=2014-07-20 }} 11. ^1 {{Citation |last=Zuccarini |first=J.G. |year=1832 |title=Plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum, quae in horto botanico herbarioque regio monacensi servantur |journal=Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften |volume=1 |pages=289–396 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11355549 |accessdate=2014-07-22 }}, [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11355565 pp. 306–307] – "{{lang-de|Der hiesige Garten erhielt im Jahr 1828 durch Hrn. Baron Karwinski Samen einer dritten Art dieser schönen Gattung, welche im wärmeren Europa eine bedeutende Stelle unter den feineren Zierpflanzen einzunehmen verspricht. Ich hielt sie anfangs, da Don's Gattungscharakter in einigen Dingen abweicht, für ein neues Genus und versendete die im Sommer 1829 gewonnenen Samen unter dem Namen Rhodochiton volubile an mehrere Gärten. Die Abbildung im Botanical Register hat mich von der Identität der Gattung überzeugt.|italic=unset}}" (The local garden received in 1828 from Baron Karwinski seeds of a third species of this beautiful genus, which, in the warmer parts of Europe, promises to take a significant place among the finer ornamental plants. Because Don's generic character differs in some ways, I held it at first to be new genus and sent the seeds obtained in the summer of 1829 to several gardens under the name Rhodochiton volubile. The figure in the Botanical Register has convinced me of the identity of the genus.) References{{Reflist|refs=[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q10708216}}{{Lamiales-stub}} 1 : Plantaginaceae |
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